spanner/leaderboard/complete/src/main/java/com/google/codelabs/App.java [62:217]:
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public class App {

  static void create(DatabaseAdminClient dbAdminClient, DatabaseId db) {
    OperationFuture<Database, CreateDatabaseMetadata> op =
        dbAdminClient.createDatabase(
            db.getInstanceId().getInstance(),
            db.getDatabase(),
            Arrays.asList(
                "CREATE TABLE Players(\n"
                    + "  PlayerId INT64 NOT NULL,\n"
                    + "  PlayerName STRING(2048) NOT NULL\n"
                    + ") PRIMARY KEY(PlayerId)",
                "CREATE TABLE Scores(\n"
                    + "  PlayerId INT64 NOT NULL,\n"
                    + "  Score INT64 NOT NULL,\n"
                    + "  Timestamp TIMESTAMP NOT NULL\n"
                    + "  OPTIONS(allow_commit_timestamp=true)\n"
                    + ") PRIMARY KEY(PlayerId, Timestamp),\n"
                    + "INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Players ON DELETE NO ACTION"));
    try {
      // Initiate the request which returns an OperationFuture.
      Database dbOperation = op.get();
      System.out.println("Created database [" + dbOperation.getId() + "]");
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      // If the operation failed during execution, expose the cause.
      throw (SpannerException) e.getCause();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      // Throw when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or otherwise occupied,
      // and the thread is interrupted, either before or during the activity.
      throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
    }
  }

  static void insert(DatabaseClient dbClient, String insertType) {
    try {
      insertType = insertType.toLowerCase();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // Invalid input received, set inserttype to empty string.
      insertType = "";
    }
    if (insertType.equals("players")) {
      // Insert players.
      insertPlayers(dbClient);
    } else if (insertType.equals("scores")) {
      // Insert scores.
      insertScores(dbClient);
    } else {
      // Invalid input.
      System.out.println("Invalid value for 'type of insert'. "
          + "Specify a valid value: 'players' or 'scores'.");
      System.exit(1);
    }
  }

  static void insertPlayers(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
    dbClient
        .readWriteTransaction()
        .run(
            new TransactionCallable<Void>() {
              @Override
              public Void run(TransactionContext transaction) throws Exception {
                // Get the number of players.
                String sql = "SELECT Count(PlayerId) as PlayerCount FROM Players";
                ResultSet resultSet = transaction.executeQuery(Statement.of(sql));
                long numberOfPlayers = 0;
                if (resultSet.next()) {
                  numberOfPlayers = resultSet.getLong("PlayerCount");
                }
                // Insert 100 player records into the Players table.
                List<Statement> stmts = new ArrayList<>();
                long randomId;
                for (int x = 1; x <= 100; x++) {
                  numberOfPlayers++;
                  randomId = (long) Math.floor(Math.random() * 9_000_000_000L) + 1_000_000_000L;
                  Statement statement =
                      Statement
                        .newBuilder(
                            "INSERT INTO Players (PlayerId, PlayerName) "
                            + "VALUES (@PlayerId, @PlayerName) ")
                        .bind("PlayerId")
                        .to(randomId)
                        .bind("PlayerName")
                        .to("Player " + numberOfPlayers)
                        .build();
                  stmts.add(statement);
                }
                transaction.batchUpdate(stmts);
                return null;
              }
            });
    System.out.println("Done inserting player records...");
  }

  static void insertScores(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
    boolean playerRecordsFound = false;
    ResultSet resultSet =
        dbClient
            .singleUse()
            .executeQuery(Statement.of("SELECT * FROM Players"));
    while (resultSet.next()) {
      playerRecordsFound = true;
      final long playerId = resultSet.getLong("PlayerId");
      dbClient
          .readWriteTransaction()
          .run(
              new TransactionCallable<Void>() {
                @Override
                public Void run(TransactionContext transaction) throws Exception {
                  // Initialize objects for random Score and random Timestamp
                  LocalDate endDate = LocalDate.now();
                  long end = endDate.toEpochDay();
                  int startYear = endDate.getYear() - 2;
                  int startMonth = endDate.getMonthValue();
                  int startDay = endDate.getDayOfMonth();
                  LocalDate startDate = LocalDate.of(startYear, startMonth, startDay);
                  long start = startDate.toEpochDay();
                  Random r = new Random();
                  List<Statement> stmts = new ArrayList<>();
                  // Insert 4 score records into the Scores table 
                  // for each player in the Players table.
                  for (int x = 1; x <= 4; x++) {
                    // Generate random score between 1,000,000 and 1,000
                    long randomScore = r.nextInt(1000000 - 1000) + 1000;
                    // Get random day within the past two years.
                    long randomDay = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong(start, end);
                    LocalDate randomDayDate = LocalDate.ofEpochDay(randomDay);
                    LocalTime randomTime = LocalTime.of(
                        r.nextInt(23), r.nextInt(59), r.nextInt(59), r.nextInt(9999));
                    LocalDateTime randomDate = LocalDateTime.of(randomDayDate, randomTime);
                    Instant randomInstant = randomDate.toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC);
                    Statement statement =
                        Statement
                        .newBuilder(
                          "INSERT INTO Scores (PlayerId, Score, Timestamp) "
                          + "VALUES (@PlayerId, @Score, @Timestamp) ")
                        .bind("PlayerId")
                        .to(playerId)
                        .bind("Score")
                        .to(randomScore)
                        .bind("Timestamp")
                        .to(randomInstant.toString())
                        .build();
                    stmts.add(statement);
                  }
                  transaction.batchUpdate(stmts);
                  return null;
                }
              });
    }
    if (!playerRecordsFound) {
      System.out.println("Parameter 'scores' is invalid since "
          + "no player records currently exist. First insert players "
          + "then insert scores.");
      System.exit(1);
    } else {
      System.out.println("Done inserting score records...");
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spanner/leaderboard/step5/src/main/java/com/google/codelabs/App.java [60:216]:
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public class App {

  static void create(DatabaseAdminClient dbAdminClient, DatabaseId db) {
    OperationFuture<Database, CreateDatabaseMetadata> op =
        dbAdminClient.createDatabase(
            db.getInstanceId().getInstance(),
            db.getDatabase(),
            Arrays.asList(
                "CREATE TABLE Players(\n"
                    + "  PlayerId INT64 NOT NULL,\n"
                    + "  PlayerName STRING(2048) NOT NULL\n"
                    + ") PRIMARY KEY(PlayerId)",
                "CREATE TABLE Scores(\n"
                    + "  PlayerId INT64 NOT NULL,\n"
                    + "  Score INT64 NOT NULL,\n"
                    + "  Timestamp TIMESTAMP NOT NULL\n"
                    + "  OPTIONS(allow_commit_timestamp=true)\n"
                    + ") PRIMARY KEY(PlayerId, Timestamp),\n"
                    + "INTERLEAVE IN PARENT Players ON DELETE NO ACTION"));
    try {
      // Initiate the request which returns an OperationFuture.
      Database dbOperation = op.get();
      System.out.println("Created database [" + dbOperation.getId() + "]");
    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
      // If the operation failed during execution, expose the cause.
      throw (SpannerException) e.getCause();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      // Throw when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or otherwise occupied,
      // and the thread is interrupted, either before or during the activity.
      throw SpannerExceptionFactory.propagateInterrupt(e);
    }
  }

  static void insert(DatabaseClient dbClient, String insertType) {
    try {
      insertType = insertType.toLowerCase();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // Invalid input received, set insertType to empty string.
      insertType = "";
    }
    if (insertType.equals("players")) {
      // Insert players.
      insertPlayers(dbClient);
    } else if (insertType.equals("scores")) {
      // Insert scores.
      insertScores(dbClient);
    } else {
      // Invalid input.
      System.out.println("Invalid value for 'type of insert'. "
          + "Specify a valid value: 'players' or 'scores'.");
      System.exit(1);
    }
  }

  static void insertPlayers(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
    dbClient
        .readWriteTransaction()
        .run(
            new TransactionCallable<Void>() {
              @Override
              public Void run(TransactionContext transaction) throws Exception {
                // Get the number of players.
                String sql = "SELECT Count(PlayerId) as PlayerCount FROM Players";
                ResultSet resultSet = transaction.executeQuery(Statement.of(sql));
                long numberOfPlayers = 0;
                if (resultSet.next()) {
                  numberOfPlayers = resultSet.getLong("PlayerCount");
                }
                // Insert 100 player records into the Players table.
                List<Statement> stmts = new ArrayList<>();
                long randomId;
                for (int x = 1; x <= 100; x++) {
                  numberOfPlayers++;
                  randomId = (long) Math.floor(Math.random() * 9_000_000_000L) + 1_000_000_000L;
                  Statement statement =
                      Statement
                        .newBuilder(
                            "INSERT INTO Players (PlayerId, PlayerName) "
                            + "VALUES (@PlayerId, @PlayerName) ")
                        .bind("PlayerId")
                        .to(randomId)
                        .bind("PlayerName")
                        .to("Player " + numberOfPlayers)
                        .build();
                  stmts.add(statement);
                }
                transaction.batchUpdate(stmts);
                return null;
              }
            });
    System.out.println("Done inserting player records...");
  }

  static void insertScores(DatabaseClient dbClient) {
    boolean playerRecordsFound = false;
    ResultSet resultSet =
        dbClient
            .singleUse()
            .executeQuery(Statement.of("SELECT * FROM Players"));
    while (resultSet.next()) {
      playerRecordsFound = true;
      final long playerId = resultSet.getLong("PlayerId");
      dbClient
          .readWriteTransaction()
          .run(
              new TransactionCallable<Void>() {
                @Override
                public Void run(TransactionContext transaction) throws Exception {
                  // Initialize objects for random Score and random Timestamp.
                  LocalDate endDate = LocalDate.now();
                  long end = endDate.toEpochDay();
                  int startYear = endDate.getYear() - 2;
                  int startMonth = endDate.getMonthValue();
                  int startDay = endDate.getDayOfMonth();
                  LocalDate startDate = LocalDate.of(startYear, startMonth, startDay);
                  long start = startDate.toEpochDay();
                  Random r = new Random();
                  List<Statement> stmts = new ArrayList<>();
                  // Insert 4 score records into the Scores table 
                  // for each player in the Players table.
                  for (int x = 1; x <= 4; x++) {
                    // Generate random score between 1,000,000 and 1,000
                    long randomScore = r.nextInt(1000000 - 1000) + 1000;
                    // Get random day within the past two years.
                    long randomDay = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong(start, end);
                    LocalDate randomDayDate = LocalDate.ofEpochDay(randomDay);
                    LocalTime randomTime = LocalTime.of(
                        r.nextInt(23), r.nextInt(59), r.nextInt(59), r.nextInt(9999));
                    LocalDateTime randomDate = LocalDateTime.of(randomDayDate, randomTime);
                    Instant randomInstant = randomDate.toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC);
                    Statement statement =
                        Statement
                        .newBuilder(
                          "INSERT INTO Scores (PlayerId, Score, Timestamp) "
                          + "VALUES (@PlayerId, @Score, @Timestamp) ")
                        .bind("PlayerId")
                        .to(playerId)
                        .bind("Score")
                        .to(randomScore)
                        .bind("Timestamp")
                        .to(randomInstant.toString())
                        .build();
                    stmts.add(statement);
                  }
                  transaction.batchUpdate(stmts);
                  return null;
                }
              });

    }
    if (!playerRecordsFound) {
      System.out.println("Parameter 'scores' is invalid since "
          + "no player records currently exist. First insert players "
          + "then insert scores.");
      System.exit(1);
    } else {
      System.out.println("Done inserting score records...");
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