(function (global,Buffer)(function ()()

in src/aws-client.js [14894:16685]


  (function (global,Buffer){(function (){
  /*!
   * The buffer module from node.js, for the browser.
   *
   * @author   Feross Aboukhadijeh <feross@feross.org> <http://feross.org>
   * @license  MIT
   */
  /* eslint-disable no-proto */
  
  'use strict'
  
  var base64 = require('base64-js')
  var ieee754 = require('ieee754')
  var isArray = require('isarray')
  
  exports.Buffer = Buffer
  exports.SlowBuffer = SlowBuffer
  exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES = 50
  
  /**
   * If `Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT`:
   *   === true    Use Uint8Array implementation (fastest)
   *   === false   Use Object implementation (most compatible, even IE6)
   *
   * Browsers that support typed arrays are IE 10+, Firefox 4+, Chrome 7+, Safari 5.1+,
   * Opera 11.6+, iOS 4.2+.
   *
   * Due to various browser bugs, sometimes the Object implementation will be used even
   * when the browser supports typed arrays.
   *
   * Note:
   *
   *   - Firefox 4-29 lacks support for adding new properties to `Uint8Array` instances,
   *     See: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=695438.
   *
   *   - Chrome 9-10 is missing the `TypedArray.prototype.subarray` function.
   *
   *   - IE10 has a broken `TypedArray.prototype.subarray` function which returns arrays of
   *     incorrect length in some situations.
  
   * We detect these buggy browsers and set `Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT` to `false` so they
   * get the Object implementation, which is slower but behaves correctly.
   */
  Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT = global.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT !== undefined
    ? global.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT
    : typedArraySupport()
  
  /*
   * Export kMaxLength after typed array support is determined.
   */
  exports.kMaxLength = kMaxLength()
  
  function typedArraySupport () {
    try {
      var arr = new Uint8Array(1)
      arr.__proto__ = {__proto__: Uint8Array.prototype, foo: function () { return 42 }}
      return arr.foo() === 42 && // typed array instances can be augmented
          typeof arr.subarray === 'function' && // chrome 9-10 lack `subarray`
          arr.subarray(1, 1).byteLength === 0 // ie10 has broken `subarray`
    } catch (e) {
      return false
    }
  }
  
  function kMaxLength () {
    return Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT
      ? 0x7fffffff
      : 0x3fffffff
  }
  
  function createBuffer (that, length) {
    if (kMaxLength() < length) {
      throw new RangeError('Invalid typed array length')
    }
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      // Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance, for best performance
      that = new Uint8Array(length)
      that.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
    } else {
      // Fallback: Return an object instance of the Buffer class
      if (that === null) {
        that = new Buffer(length)
      }
      that.length = length
    }
  
    return that
  }
  
  /**
   * The Buffer constructor returns instances of `Uint8Array` that have their
   * prototype changed to `Buffer.prototype`. Furthermore, `Buffer` is a subclass of
   * `Uint8Array`, so the returned instances will have all the node `Buffer` methods
   * and the `Uint8Array` methods. Square bracket notation works as expected -- it
   * returns a single octet.
   *
   * The `Uint8Array` prototype remains unmodified.
   */
  
  function Buffer (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
    if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT && !(this instanceof Buffer)) {
      return new Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
    }
  
    // Common case.
    if (typeof arg === 'number') {
      if (typeof encodingOrOffset === 'string') {
        throw new Error(
          'If encoding is specified then the first argument must be a string'
        )
      }
      return allocUnsafe(this, arg)
    }
    return from(this, arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
  }
  
  Buffer.poolSize = 8192 // not used by this implementation
  
  // TODO: Legacy, not needed anymore. Remove in next major version.
  Buffer._augment = function (arr) {
    arr.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
    return arr
  }
  
  function from (that, value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
    if (typeof value === 'number') {
      throw new TypeError('"value" argument must not be a number')
    }
  
    if (typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && value instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
      return fromArrayBuffer(that, value, encodingOrOffset, length)
    }
  
    if (typeof value === 'string') {
      return fromString(that, value, encodingOrOffset)
    }
  
    return fromObject(that, value)
  }
  
  /**
   * Functionally equivalent to Buffer(arg, encoding) but throws a TypeError
   * if value is a number.
   * Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
   * Buffer.from(array)
   * Buffer.from(buffer)
   * Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
   **/
  Buffer.from = function (value, encodingOrOffset, length) {
    return from(null, value, encodingOrOffset, length)
  }
  
  if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
    Buffer.prototype.__proto__ = Uint8Array.prototype
    Buffer.__proto__ = Uint8Array
    if (typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.species &&
        Buffer[Symbol.species] === Buffer) {
      // Fix subarray() in ES2016. See: https://github.com/feross/buffer/pull/97
      Object.defineProperty(Buffer, Symbol.species, {
        value: null,
        configurable: true
      })
    }
  }
  
  function assertSize (size) {
    if (typeof size !== 'number') {
      throw new TypeError('"size" argument must be a number')
    } else if (size < 0) {
      throw new RangeError('"size" argument must not be negative')
    }
  }
  
  function alloc (that, size, fill, encoding) {
    assertSize(size)
    if (size <= 0) {
      return createBuffer(that, size)
    }
    if (fill !== undefined) {
      // Only pay attention to encoding if it's a string. This
      // prevents accidentally sending in a number that would
      // be interpretted as a start offset.
      return typeof encoding === 'string'
        ? createBuffer(that, size).fill(fill, encoding)
        : createBuffer(that, size).fill(fill)
    }
    return createBuffer(that, size)
  }
  
  /**
   * Creates a new filled Buffer instance.
   * alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
   **/
  Buffer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
    return alloc(null, size, fill, encoding)
  }
  
  function allocUnsafe (that, size) {
    assertSize(size)
    that = createBuffer(that, size < 0 ? 0 : checked(size) | 0)
    if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      for (var i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        that[i] = 0
      }
    }
    return that
  }
  
  /**
   * Equivalent to Buffer(num), by default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer instance.
   * */
  Buffer.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
    return allocUnsafe(null, size)
  }
  /**
   * Equivalent to SlowBuffer(num), by default creates a non-zero-filled Buffer instance.
   */
  Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
    return allocUnsafe(null, size)
  }
  
  function fromString (that, string, encoding) {
    if (typeof encoding !== 'string' || encoding === '') {
      encoding = 'utf8'
    }
  
    if (!Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
      throw new TypeError('"encoding" must be a valid string encoding')
    }
  
    var length = byteLength(string, encoding) | 0
    that = createBuffer(that, length)
  
    var actual = that.write(string, encoding)
  
    if (actual !== length) {
      // Writing a hex string, for example, that contains invalid characters will
      // cause everything after the first invalid character to be ignored. (e.g.
      // 'abxxcd' will be treated as 'ab')
      that = that.slice(0, actual)
    }
  
    return that
  }
  
  function fromArrayLike (that, array) {
    var length = array.length < 0 ? 0 : checked(array.length) | 0
    that = createBuffer(that, length)
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
      that[i] = array[i] & 255
    }
    return that
  }
  
  function fromArrayBuffer (that, array, byteOffset, length) {
    array.byteLength // this throws if `array` is not a valid ArrayBuffer
  
    if (byteOffset < 0 || array.byteLength < byteOffset) {
      throw new RangeError('\'offset\' is out of bounds')
    }
  
    if (array.byteLength < byteOffset + (length || 0)) {
      throw new RangeError('\'length\' is out of bounds')
    }
  
    if (byteOffset === undefined && length === undefined) {
      array = new Uint8Array(array)
    } else if (length === undefined) {
      array = new Uint8Array(array, byteOffset)
    } else {
      array = new Uint8Array(array, byteOffset, length)
    }
  
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      // Return an augmented `Uint8Array` instance, for best performance
      that = array
      that.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
    } else {
      // Fallback: Return an object instance of the Buffer class
      that = fromArrayLike(that, array)
    }
    return that
  }
  
  function fromObject (that, obj) {
    if (Buffer.isBuffer(obj)) {
      var len = checked(obj.length) | 0
      that = createBuffer(that, len)
  
      if (that.length === 0) {
        return that
      }
  
      obj.copy(that, 0, 0, len)
      return that
    }
  
    if (obj) {
      if ((typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' &&
          obj.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer) || 'length' in obj) {
        if (typeof obj.length !== 'number' || isnan(obj.length)) {
          return createBuffer(that, 0)
        }
        return fromArrayLike(that, obj)
      }
  
      if (obj.type === 'Buffer' && isArray(obj.data)) {
        return fromArrayLike(that, obj.data)
      }
    }
  
    throw new TypeError('First argument must be a string, Buffer, ArrayBuffer, Array, or array-like object.')
  }
  
  function checked (length) {
    // Note: cannot use `length < kMaxLength()` here because that fails when
    // length is NaN (which is otherwise coerced to zero.)
    if (length >= kMaxLength()) {
      throw new RangeError('Attempt to allocate Buffer larger than maximum ' +
                           'size: 0x' + kMaxLength().toString(16) + ' bytes')
    }
    return length | 0
  }
  
  function SlowBuffer (length) {
    if (+length != length) { // eslint-disable-line eqeqeq
      length = 0
    }
    return Buffer.alloc(+length)
  }
  
  Buffer.isBuffer = function isBuffer (b) {
    return !!(b != null && b._isBuffer)
  }
  
  Buffer.compare = function compare (a, b) {
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(a) || !Buffer.isBuffer(b)) {
      throw new TypeError('Arguments must be Buffers')
    }
  
    if (a === b) return 0
  
    var x = a.length
    var y = b.length
  
    for (var i = 0, len = Math.min(x, y); i < len; ++i) {
      if (a[i] !== b[i]) {
        x = a[i]
        y = b[i]
        break
      }
    }
  
    if (x < y) return -1
    if (y < x) return 1
    return 0
  }
  
  Buffer.isEncoding = function isEncoding (encoding) {
    switch (String(encoding).toLowerCase()) {
      case 'hex':
      case 'utf8':
      case 'utf-8':
      case 'ascii':
      case 'latin1':
      case 'binary':
      case 'base64':
      case 'ucs2':
      case 'ucs-2':
      case 'utf16le':
      case 'utf-16le':
        return true
      default:
        return false
    }
  }
  
  Buffer.concat = function concat (list, length) {
    if (!isArray(list)) {
      throw new TypeError('"list" argument must be an Array of Buffers')
    }
  
    if (list.length === 0) {
      return Buffer.alloc(0)
    }
  
    var i
    if (length === undefined) {
      length = 0
      for (i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) {
        length += list[i].length
      }
    }
  
    var buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(length)
    var pos = 0
    for (i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) {
      var buf = list[i]
      if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) {
        throw new TypeError('"list" argument must be an Array of Buffers')
      }
      buf.copy(buffer, pos)
      pos += buf.length
    }
    return buffer
  }
  
  function byteLength (string, encoding) {
    if (Buffer.isBuffer(string)) {
      return string.length
    }
    if (typeof ArrayBuffer !== 'undefined' && typeof ArrayBuffer.isView === 'function' &&
        (ArrayBuffer.isView(string) || string instanceof ArrayBuffer)) {
      return string.byteLength
    }
    if (typeof string !== 'string') {
      string = '' + string
    }
  
    var len = string.length
    if (len === 0) return 0
  
    // Use a for loop to avoid recursion
    var loweredCase = false
    for (;;) {
      switch (encoding) {
        case 'ascii':
        case 'latin1':
        case 'binary':
          return len
        case 'utf8':
        case 'utf-8':
        case undefined:
          return utf8ToBytes(string).length
        case 'ucs2':
        case 'ucs-2':
        case 'utf16le':
        case 'utf-16le':
          return len * 2
        case 'hex':
          return len >>> 1
        case 'base64':
          return base64ToBytes(string).length
        default:
          if (loweredCase) return utf8ToBytes(string).length // assume utf8
          encoding = ('' + encoding).toLowerCase()
          loweredCase = true
      }
    }
  }
  Buffer.byteLength = byteLength
  
  function slowToString (encoding, start, end) {
    var loweredCase = false
  
    // No need to verify that "this.length <= MAX_UINT32" since it's a read-only
    // property of a typed array.
  
    // This behaves neither like String nor Uint8Array in that we set start/end
    // to their upper/lower bounds if the value passed is out of range.
    // undefined is handled specially as per ECMA-262 6th Edition,
    // Section 13.3.3.7 Runtime Semantics: KeyedBindingInitialization.
    if (start === undefined || start < 0) {
      start = 0
    }
    // Return early if start > this.length. Done here to prevent potential uint32
    // coercion fail below.
    if (start > this.length) {
      return ''
    }
  
    if (end === undefined || end > this.length) {
      end = this.length
    }
  
    if (end <= 0) {
      return ''
    }
  
    // Force coersion to uint32. This will also coerce falsey/NaN values to 0.
    end >>>= 0
    start >>>= 0
  
    if (end <= start) {
      return ''
    }
  
    if (!encoding) encoding = 'utf8'
  
    while (true) {
      switch (encoding) {
        case 'hex':
          return hexSlice(this, start, end)
  
        case 'utf8':
        case 'utf-8':
          return utf8Slice(this, start, end)
  
        case 'ascii':
          return asciiSlice(this, start, end)
  
        case 'latin1':
        case 'binary':
          return latin1Slice(this, start, end)
  
        case 'base64':
          return base64Slice(this, start, end)
  
        case 'ucs2':
        case 'ucs-2':
        case 'utf16le':
        case 'utf-16le':
          return utf16leSlice(this, start, end)
  
        default:
          if (loweredCase) throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
          encoding = (encoding + '').toLowerCase()
          loweredCase = true
      }
    }
  }
  
  // The property is used by `Buffer.isBuffer` and `is-buffer` (in Safari 5-7) to detect
  // Buffer instances.
  Buffer.prototype._isBuffer = true
  
  function swap (b, n, m) {
    var i = b[n]
    b[n] = b[m]
    b[m] = i
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.swap16 = function swap16 () {
    var len = this.length
    if (len % 2 !== 0) {
      throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 16-bits')
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
      swap(this, i, i + 1)
    }
    return this
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.swap32 = function swap32 () {
    var len = this.length
    if (len % 4 !== 0) {
      throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 32-bits')
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 4) {
      swap(this, i, i + 3)
      swap(this, i + 1, i + 2)
    }
    return this
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.swap64 = function swap64 () {
    var len = this.length
    if (len % 8 !== 0) {
      throw new RangeError('Buffer size must be a multiple of 64-bits')
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < len; i += 8) {
      swap(this, i, i + 7)
      swap(this, i + 1, i + 6)
      swap(this, i + 2, i + 5)
      swap(this, i + 3, i + 4)
    }
    return this
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.toString = function toString () {
    var length = this.length | 0
    if (length === 0) return ''
    if (arguments.length === 0) return utf8Slice(this, 0, length)
    return slowToString.apply(this, arguments)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.equals = function equals (b) {
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(b)) throw new TypeError('Argument must be a Buffer')
    if (this === b) return true
    return Buffer.compare(this, b) === 0
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.inspect = function inspect () {
    var str = ''
    var max = exports.INSPECT_MAX_BYTES
    if (this.length > 0) {
      str = this.toString('hex', 0, max).match(/.{2}/g).join(' ')
      if (this.length > max) str += ' ... '
    }
    return '<Buffer ' + str + '>'
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.compare = function compare (target, start, end, thisStart, thisEnd) {
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(target)) {
      throw new TypeError('Argument must be a Buffer')
    }
  
    if (start === undefined) {
      start = 0
    }
    if (end === undefined) {
      end = target ? target.length : 0
    }
    if (thisStart === undefined) {
      thisStart = 0
    }
    if (thisEnd === undefined) {
      thisEnd = this.length
    }
  
    if (start < 0 || end > target.length || thisStart < 0 || thisEnd > this.length) {
      throw new RangeError('out of range index')
    }
  
    if (thisStart >= thisEnd && start >= end) {
      return 0
    }
    if (thisStart >= thisEnd) {
      return -1
    }
    if (start >= end) {
      return 1
    }
  
    start >>>= 0
    end >>>= 0
    thisStart >>>= 0
    thisEnd >>>= 0
  
    if (this === target) return 0
  
    var x = thisEnd - thisStart
    var y = end - start
    var len = Math.min(x, y)
  
    var thisCopy = this.slice(thisStart, thisEnd)
    var targetCopy = target.slice(start, end)
  
    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
      if (thisCopy[i] !== targetCopy[i]) {
        x = thisCopy[i]
        y = targetCopy[i]
        break
      }
    }
  
    if (x < y) return -1
    if (y < x) return 1
    return 0
  }
  
  // Finds either the first index of `val` in `buffer` at offset >= `byteOffset`,
  // OR the last index of `val` in `buffer` at offset <= `byteOffset`.
  //
  // Arguments:
  // - buffer - a Buffer to search
  // - val - a string, Buffer, or number
  // - byteOffset - an index into `buffer`; will be clamped to an int32
  // - encoding - an optional encoding, relevant is val is a string
  // - dir - true for indexOf, false for lastIndexOf
  function bidirectionalIndexOf (buffer, val, byteOffset, encoding, dir) {
    // Empty buffer means no match
    if (buffer.length === 0) return -1
  
    // Normalize byteOffset
    if (typeof byteOffset === 'string') {
      encoding = byteOffset
      byteOffset = 0
    } else if (byteOffset > 0x7fffffff) {
      byteOffset = 0x7fffffff
    } else if (byteOffset < -0x80000000) {
      byteOffset = -0x80000000
    }
    byteOffset = +byteOffset  // Coerce to Number.
    if (isNaN(byteOffset)) {
      // byteOffset: it it's undefined, null, NaN, "foo", etc, search whole buffer
      byteOffset = dir ? 0 : (buffer.length - 1)
    }
  
    // Normalize byteOffset: negative offsets start from the end of the buffer
    if (byteOffset < 0) byteOffset = buffer.length + byteOffset
    if (byteOffset >= buffer.length) {
      if (dir) return -1
      else byteOffset = buffer.length - 1
    } else if (byteOffset < 0) {
      if (dir) byteOffset = 0
      else return -1
    }
  
    // Normalize val
    if (typeof val === 'string') {
      val = Buffer.from(val, encoding)
    }
  
    // Finally, search either indexOf (if dir is true) or lastIndexOf
    if (Buffer.isBuffer(val)) {
      // Special case: looking for empty string/buffer always fails
      if (val.length === 0) {
        return -1
      }
      return arrayIndexOf(buffer, val, byteOffset, encoding, dir)
    } else if (typeof val === 'number') {
      val = val & 0xFF // Search for a byte value [0-255]
      if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT &&
          typeof Uint8Array.prototype.indexOf === 'function') {
        if (dir) {
          return Uint8Array.prototype.indexOf.call(buffer, val, byteOffset)
        } else {
          return Uint8Array.prototype.lastIndexOf.call(buffer, val, byteOffset)
        }
      }
      return arrayIndexOf(buffer, [ val ], byteOffset, encoding, dir)
    }
  
    throw new TypeError('val must be string, number or Buffer')
  }
  
  function arrayIndexOf (arr, val, byteOffset, encoding, dir) {
    var indexSize = 1
    var arrLength = arr.length
    var valLength = val.length
  
    if (encoding !== undefined) {
      encoding = String(encoding).toLowerCase()
      if (encoding === 'ucs2' || encoding === 'ucs-2' ||
          encoding === 'utf16le' || encoding === 'utf-16le') {
        if (arr.length < 2 || val.length < 2) {
          return -1
        }
        indexSize = 2
        arrLength /= 2
        valLength /= 2
        byteOffset /= 2
      }
    }
  
    function read (buf, i) {
      if (indexSize === 1) {
        return buf[i]
      } else {
        return buf.readUInt16BE(i * indexSize)
      }
    }
  
    var i
    if (dir) {
      var foundIndex = -1
      for (i = byteOffset; i < arrLength; i++) {
        if (read(arr, i) === read(val, foundIndex === -1 ? 0 : i - foundIndex)) {
          if (foundIndex === -1) foundIndex = i
          if (i - foundIndex + 1 === valLength) return foundIndex * indexSize
        } else {
          if (foundIndex !== -1) i -= i - foundIndex
          foundIndex = -1
        }
      }
    } else {
      if (byteOffset + valLength > arrLength) byteOffset = arrLength - valLength
      for (i = byteOffset; i >= 0; i--) {
        var found = true
        for (var j = 0; j < valLength; j++) {
          if (read(arr, i + j) !== read(val, j)) {
            found = false
            break
          }
        }
        if (found) return i
      }
    }
  
    return -1
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.includes = function includes (val, byteOffset, encoding) {
    return this.indexOf(val, byteOffset, encoding) !== -1
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.indexOf = function indexOf (val, byteOffset, encoding) {
    return bidirectionalIndexOf(this, val, byteOffset, encoding, true)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.lastIndexOf = function lastIndexOf (val, byteOffset, encoding) {
    return bidirectionalIndexOf(this, val, byteOffset, encoding, false)
  }
  
  function hexWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
    offset = Number(offset) || 0
    var remaining = buf.length - offset
    if (!length) {
      length = remaining
    } else {
      length = Number(length)
      if (length > remaining) {
        length = remaining
      }
    }
  
    // must be an even number of digits
    var strLen = string.length
    if (strLen % 2 !== 0) throw new TypeError('Invalid hex string')
  
    if (length > strLen / 2) {
      length = strLen / 2
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
      var parsed = parseInt(string.substr(i * 2, 2), 16)
      if (isNaN(parsed)) return i
      buf[offset + i] = parsed
    }
    return i
  }
  
  function utf8Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
    return blitBuffer(utf8ToBytes(string, buf.length - offset), buf, offset, length)
  }
  
  function asciiWrite (buf, string, offset, length) {
    return blitBuffer(asciiToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
  }
  
  function latin1Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
    return asciiWrite(buf, string, offset, length)
  }
  
  function base64Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
    return blitBuffer(base64ToBytes(string), buf, offset, length)
  }
  
  function ucs2Write (buf, string, offset, length) {
    return blitBuffer(utf16leToBytes(string, buf.length - offset), buf, offset, length)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.write = function write (string, offset, length, encoding) {
    // Buffer#write(string)
    if (offset === undefined) {
      encoding = 'utf8'
      length = this.length
      offset = 0
    // Buffer#write(string, encoding)
    } else if (length === undefined && typeof offset === 'string') {
      encoding = offset
      length = this.length
      offset = 0
    // Buffer#write(string, offset[, length][, encoding])
    } else if (isFinite(offset)) {
      offset = offset | 0
      if (isFinite(length)) {
        length = length | 0
        if (encoding === undefined) encoding = 'utf8'
      } else {
        encoding = length
        length = undefined
      }
    // legacy write(string, encoding, offset, length) - remove in v0.13
    } else {
      throw new Error(
        'Buffer.write(string, encoding, offset[, length]) is no longer supported'
      )
    }
  
    var remaining = this.length - offset
    if (length === undefined || length > remaining) length = remaining
  
    if ((string.length > 0 && (length < 0 || offset < 0)) || offset > this.length) {
      throw new RangeError('Attempt to write outside buffer bounds')
    }
  
    if (!encoding) encoding = 'utf8'
  
    var loweredCase = false
    for (;;) {
      switch (encoding) {
        case 'hex':
          return hexWrite(this, string, offset, length)
  
        case 'utf8':
        case 'utf-8':
          return utf8Write(this, string, offset, length)
  
        case 'ascii':
          return asciiWrite(this, string, offset, length)
  
        case 'latin1':
        case 'binary':
          return latin1Write(this, string, offset, length)
  
        case 'base64':
          // Warning: maxLength not taken into account in base64Write
          return base64Write(this, string, offset, length)
  
        case 'ucs2':
        case 'ucs-2':
        case 'utf16le':
        case 'utf-16le':
          return ucs2Write(this, string, offset, length)
  
        default:
          if (loweredCase) throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
          encoding = ('' + encoding).toLowerCase()
          loweredCase = true
      }
    }
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON () {
    return {
      type: 'Buffer',
      data: Array.prototype.slice.call(this._arr || this, 0)
    }
  }
  
  function base64Slice (buf, start, end) {
    if (start === 0 && end === buf.length) {
      return base64.fromByteArray(buf)
    } else {
      return base64.fromByteArray(buf.slice(start, end))
    }
  }
  
  function utf8Slice (buf, start, end) {
    end = Math.min(buf.length, end)
    var res = []
  
    var i = start
    while (i < end) {
      var firstByte = buf[i]
      var codePoint = null
      var bytesPerSequence = (firstByte > 0xEF) ? 4
        : (firstByte > 0xDF) ? 3
        : (firstByte > 0xBF) ? 2
        : 1
  
      if (i + bytesPerSequence <= end) {
        var secondByte, thirdByte, fourthByte, tempCodePoint
  
        switch (bytesPerSequence) {
          case 1:
            if (firstByte < 0x80) {
              codePoint = firstByte
            }
            break
          case 2:
            secondByte = buf[i + 1]
            if ((secondByte & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
              tempCodePoint = (firstByte & 0x1F) << 0x6 | (secondByte & 0x3F)
              if (tempCodePoint > 0x7F) {
                codePoint = tempCodePoint
              }
            }
            break
          case 3:
            secondByte = buf[i + 1]
            thirdByte = buf[i + 2]
            if ((secondByte & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (thirdByte & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
              tempCodePoint = (firstByte & 0xF) << 0xC | (secondByte & 0x3F) << 0x6 | (thirdByte & 0x3F)
              if (tempCodePoint > 0x7FF && (tempCodePoint < 0xD800 || tempCodePoint > 0xDFFF)) {
                codePoint = tempCodePoint
              }
            }
            break
          case 4:
            secondByte = buf[i + 1]
            thirdByte = buf[i + 2]
            fourthByte = buf[i + 3]
            if ((secondByte & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (thirdByte & 0xC0) === 0x80 && (fourthByte & 0xC0) === 0x80) {
              tempCodePoint = (firstByte & 0xF) << 0x12 | (secondByte & 0x3F) << 0xC | (thirdByte & 0x3F) << 0x6 | (fourthByte & 0x3F)
              if (tempCodePoint > 0xFFFF && tempCodePoint < 0x110000) {
                codePoint = tempCodePoint
              }
            }
        }
      }
  
      if (codePoint === null) {
        // we did not generate a valid codePoint so insert a
        // replacement char (U+FFFD) and advance only 1 byte
        codePoint = 0xFFFD
        bytesPerSequence = 1
      } else if (codePoint > 0xFFFF) {
        // encode to utf16 (surrogate pair dance)
        codePoint -= 0x10000
        res.push(codePoint >>> 10 & 0x3FF | 0xD800)
        codePoint = 0xDC00 | codePoint & 0x3FF
      }
  
      res.push(codePoint)
      i += bytesPerSequence
    }
  
    return decodeCodePointsArray(res)
  }
  
  // Based on http://stackoverflow.com/a/22747272/680742, the browser with
  // the lowest limit is Chrome, with 0x10000 args.
  // We go 1 magnitude less, for safety
  var MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH = 0x1000
  
  function decodeCodePointsArray (codePoints) {
    var len = codePoints.length
    if (len <= MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH) {
      return String.fromCharCode.apply(String, codePoints) // avoid extra slice()
    }
  
    // Decode in chunks to avoid "call stack size exceeded".
    var res = ''
    var i = 0
    while (i < len) {
      res += String.fromCharCode.apply(
        String,
        codePoints.slice(i, i += MAX_ARGUMENTS_LENGTH)
      )
    }
    return res
  }
  
  function asciiSlice (buf, start, end) {
    var ret = ''
    end = Math.min(buf.length, end)
  
    for (var i = start; i < end; ++i) {
      ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i] & 0x7F)
    }
    return ret
  }
  
  function latin1Slice (buf, start, end) {
    var ret = ''
    end = Math.min(buf.length, end)
  
    for (var i = start; i < end; ++i) {
      ret += String.fromCharCode(buf[i])
    }
    return ret
  }
  
  function hexSlice (buf, start, end) {
    var len = buf.length
  
    if (!start || start < 0) start = 0
    if (!end || end < 0 || end > len) end = len
  
    var out = ''
    for (var i = start; i < end; ++i) {
      out += toHex(buf[i])
    }
    return out
  }
  
  function utf16leSlice (buf, start, end) {
    var bytes = buf.slice(start, end)
    var res = ''
    for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i += 2) {
      res += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i] + bytes[i + 1] * 256)
    }
    return res
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.slice = function slice (start, end) {
    var len = this.length
    start = ~~start
    end = end === undefined ? len : ~~end
  
    if (start < 0) {
      start += len
      if (start < 0) start = 0
    } else if (start > len) {
      start = len
    }
  
    if (end < 0) {
      end += len
      if (end < 0) end = 0
    } else if (end > len) {
      end = len
    }
  
    if (end < start) end = start
  
    var newBuf
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      newBuf = this.subarray(start, end)
      newBuf.__proto__ = Buffer.prototype
    } else {
      var sliceLen = end - start
      newBuf = new Buffer(sliceLen, undefined)
      for (var i = 0; i < sliceLen; ++i) {
        newBuf[i] = this[i + start]
      }
    }
  
    return newBuf
  }
  
  /*
   * Need to make sure that buffer isn't trying to write out of bounds.
   */
  function checkOffset (offset, ext, length) {
    if ((offset % 1) !== 0 || offset < 0) throw new RangeError('offset is not uint')
    if (offset + ext > length) throw new RangeError('Trying to access beyond buffer length')
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readUIntLE = function readUIntLE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    offset = offset | 0
    byteLength = byteLength | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
  
    var val = this[offset]
    var mul = 1
    var i = 0
    while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
      val += this[offset + i] * mul
    }
  
    return val
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readUIntBE = function readUIntBE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    offset = offset | 0
    byteLength = byteLength | 0
    if (!noAssert) {
      checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
    }
  
    var val = this[offset + --byteLength]
    var mul = 1
    while (byteLength > 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
      val += this[offset + --byteLength] * mul
    }
  
    return val
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readUInt8 = function readUInt8 (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length)
    return this[offset]
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readUInt16LE = function readUInt16LE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
    return this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readUInt16BE = function readUInt16BE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
    return (this[offset] << 8) | this[offset + 1]
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readUInt32LE = function readUInt32LE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
  
    return ((this[offset]) |
        (this[offset + 1] << 8) |
        (this[offset + 2] << 16)) +
        (this[offset + 3] * 0x1000000)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readUInt32BE = function readUInt32BE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
  
    return (this[offset] * 0x1000000) +
      ((this[offset + 1] << 16) |
      (this[offset + 2] << 8) |
      this[offset + 3])
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readIntLE = function readIntLE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    offset = offset | 0
    byteLength = byteLength | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
  
    var val = this[offset]
    var mul = 1
    var i = 0
    while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
      val += this[offset + i] * mul
    }
    mul *= 0x80
  
    if (val >= mul) val -= Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength)
  
    return val
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readIntBE = function readIntBE (offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    offset = offset | 0
    byteLength = byteLength | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, byteLength, this.length)
  
    var i = byteLength
    var mul = 1
    var val = this[offset + --i]
    while (i > 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
      val += this[offset + --i] * mul
    }
    mul *= 0x80
  
    if (val >= mul) val -= Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength)
  
    return val
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readInt8 = function readInt8 (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 1, this.length)
    if (!(this[offset] & 0x80)) return (this[offset])
    return ((0xff - this[offset] + 1) * -1)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readInt16LE = function readInt16LE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
    var val = this[offset] | (this[offset + 1] << 8)
    return (val & 0x8000) ? val | 0xFFFF0000 : val
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readInt16BE = function readInt16BE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 2, this.length)
    var val = this[offset + 1] | (this[offset] << 8)
    return (val & 0x8000) ? val | 0xFFFF0000 : val
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readInt32LE = function readInt32LE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
  
    return (this[offset]) |
      (this[offset + 1] << 8) |
      (this[offset + 2] << 16) |
      (this[offset + 3] << 24)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readInt32BE = function readInt32BE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
  
    return (this[offset] << 24) |
      (this[offset + 1] << 16) |
      (this[offset + 2] << 8) |
      (this[offset + 3])
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readFloatLE = function readFloatLE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
    return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 23, 4)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readFloatBE = function readFloatBE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 4, this.length)
    return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 23, 4)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readDoubleLE = function readDoubleLE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length)
    return ieee754.read(this, offset, true, 52, 8)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.readDoubleBE = function readDoubleBE (offset, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) checkOffset(offset, 8, this.length)
    return ieee754.read(this, offset, false, 52, 8)
  }
  
  function checkInt (buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
    if (!Buffer.isBuffer(buf)) throw new TypeError('"buffer" argument must be a Buffer instance')
    if (value > max || value < min) throw new RangeError('"value" argument is out of bounds')
    if (offset + ext > buf.length) throw new RangeError('Index out of range')
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeUIntLE = function writeUIntLE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    byteLength = byteLength | 0
    if (!noAssert) {
      var maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1
      checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0)
    }
  
    var mul = 1
    var i = 0
    this[offset] = value & 0xFF
    while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
      this[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 0xFF
    }
  
    return offset + byteLength
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeUIntBE = function writeUIntBE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    byteLength = byteLength | 0
    if (!noAssert) {
      var maxBytes = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength) - 1
      checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, maxBytes, 0)
    }
  
    var i = byteLength - 1
    var mul = 1
    this[offset + i] = value & 0xFF
    while (--i >= 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
      this[offset + i] = (value / mul) & 0xFF
    }
  
    return offset + byteLength
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeUInt8 = function writeUInt8 (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 0xff, 0)
    if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) value = Math.floor(value)
    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
    return offset + 1
  }
  
  function objectWriteUInt16 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian) {
    if (value < 0) value = 0xffff + value + 1
    for (var i = 0, j = Math.min(buf.length - offset, 2); i < j; ++i) {
      buf[offset + i] = (value & (0xff << (8 * (littleEndian ? i : 1 - i)))) >>>
        (littleEndian ? i : 1 - i) * 8
    }
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16LE = function writeUInt16LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0xffff, 0)
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
      this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
    } else {
      objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, true)
    }
    return offset + 2
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeUInt16BE = function writeUInt16BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0xffff, 0)
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      this[offset] = (value >>> 8)
      this[offset + 1] = (value & 0xff)
    } else {
      objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, false)
    }
    return offset + 2
  }
  
  function objectWriteUInt32 (buf, value, offset, littleEndian) {
    if (value < 0) value = 0xffffffff + value + 1
    for (var i = 0, j = Math.min(buf.length - offset, 4); i < j; ++i) {
      buf[offset + i] = (value >>> (littleEndian ? i : 3 - i) * 8) & 0xff
    }
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32LE = function writeUInt32LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0xffffffff, 0)
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      this[offset + 3] = (value >>> 24)
      this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 16)
      this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
      this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
    } else {
      objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, true)
    }
    return offset + 4
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeUInt32BE = function writeUInt32BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0xffffffff, 0)
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      this[offset] = (value >>> 24)
      this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 16)
      this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 8)
      this[offset + 3] = (value & 0xff)
    } else {
      objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, false)
    }
    return offset + 4
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeIntLE = function writeIntLE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) {
      var limit = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength - 1)
  
      checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, limit - 1, -limit)
    }
  
    var i = 0
    var mul = 1
    var sub = 0
    this[offset] = value & 0xFF
    while (++i < byteLength && (mul *= 0x100)) {
      if (value < 0 && sub === 0 && this[offset + i - 1] !== 0) {
        sub = 1
      }
      this[offset + i] = ((value / mul) >> 0) - sub & 0xFF
    }
  
    return offset + byteLength
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeIntBE = function writeIntBE (value, offset, byteLength, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) {
      var limit = Math.pow(2, 8 * byteLength - 1)
  
      checkInt(this, value, offset, byteLength, limit - 1, -limit)
    }
  
    var i = byteLength - 1
    var mul = 1
    var sub = 0
    this[offset + i] = value & 0xFF
    while (--i >= 0 && (mul *= 0x100)) {
      if (value < 0 && sub === 0 && this[offset + i + 1] !== 0) {
        sub = 1
      }
      this[offset + i] = ((value / mul) >> 0) - sub & 0xFF
    }
  
    return offset + byteLength
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeInt8 = function writeInt8 (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 1, 0x7f, -0x80)
    if (!Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) value = Math.floor(value)
    if (value < 0) value = 0xff + value + 1
    this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
    return offset + 1
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeInt16LE = function writeInt16LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0x7fff, -0x8000)
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
      this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
    } else {
      objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, true)
    }
    return offset + 2
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeInt16BE = function writeInt16BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 2, 0x7fff, -0x8000)
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      this[offset] = (value >>> 8)
      this[offset + 1] = (value & 0xff)
    } else {
      objectWriteUInt16(this, value, offset, false)
    }
    return offset + 2
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeInt32LE = function writeInt32LE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000)
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      this[offset] = (value & 0xff)
      this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 8)
      this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 16)
      this[offset + 3] = (value >>> 24)
    } else {
      objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, true)
    }
    return offset + 4
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeInt32BE = function writeInt32BE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    value = +value
    offset = offset | 0
    if (!noAssert) checkInt(this, value, offset, 4, 0x7fffffff, -0x80000000)
    if (value < 0) value = 0xffffffff + value + 1
    if (Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      this[offset] = (value >>> 24)
      this[offset + 1] = (value >>> 16)
      this[offset + 2] = (value >>> 8)
      this[offset + 3] = (value & 0xff)
    } else {
      objectWriteUInt32(this, value, offset, false)
    }
    return offset + 4
  }
  
  function checkIEEE754 (buf, value, offset, ext, max, min) {
    if (offset + ext > buf.length) throw new RangeError('Index out of range')
    if (offset < 0) throw new RangeError('Index out of range')
  }
  
  function writeFloat (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) {
      checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 4, 3.4028234663852886e+38, -3.4028234663852886e+38)
    }
    ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 23, 4)
    return offset + 4
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeFloatLE = function writeFloatLE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    return writeFloat(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeFloatBE = function writeFloatBE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    return writeFloat(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
  }
  
  function writeDouble (buf, value, offset, littleEndian, noAssert) {
    if (!noAssert) {
      checkIEEE754(buf, value, offset, 8, 1.7976931348623157E+308, -1.7976931348623157E+308)
    }
    ieee754.write(buf, value, offset, littleEndian, 52, 8)
    return offset + 8
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleLE = function writeDoubleLE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    return writeDouble(this, value, offset, true, noAssert)
  }
  
  Buffer.prototype.writeDoubleBE = function writeDoubleBE (value, offset, noAssert) {
    return writeDouble(this, value, offset, false, noAssert)
  }
  
  // copy(targetBuffer, targetStart=0, sourceStart=0, sourceEnd=buffer.length)
  Buffer.prototype.copy = function copy (target, targetStart, start, end) {
    if (!start) start = 0
    if (!end && end !== 0) end = this.length
    if (targetStart >= target.length) targetStart = target.length
    if (!targetStart) targetStart = 0
    if (end > 0 && end < start) end = start
  
    // Copy 0 bytes; we're done
    if (end === start) return 0
    if (target.length === 0 || this.length === 0) return 0
  
    // Fatal error conditions
    if (targetStart < 0) {
      throw new RangeError('targetStart out of bounds')
    }
    if (start < 0 || start >= this.length) throw new RangeError('sourceStart out of bounds')
    if (end < 0) throw new RangeError('sourceEnd out of bounds')
  
    // Are we oob?
    if (end > this.length) end = this.length
    if (target.length - targetStart < end - start) {
      end = target.length - targetStart + start
    }
  
    var len = end - start
    var i
  
    if (this === target && start < targetStart && targetStart < end) {
      // descending copy from end
      for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
        target[i + targetStart] = this[i + start]
      }
    } else if (len < 1000 || !Buffer.TYPED_ARRAY_SUPPORT) {
      // ascending copy from start
      for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
        target[i + targetStart] = this[i + start]
      }
    } else {
      Uint8Array.prototype.set.call(
        target,
        this.subarray(start, start + len),
        targetStart
      )
    }
  
    return len
  }
  
  // Usage:
  //    buffer.fill(number[, offset[, end]])
  //    buffer.fill(buffer[, offset[, end]])
  //    buffer.fill(string[, offset[, end]][, encoding])
  Buffer.prototype.fill = function fill (val, start, end, encoding) {
    // Handle string cases:
    if (typeof val === 'string') {
      if (typeof start === 'string') {
        encoding = start
        start = 0
        end = this.length
      } else if (typeof end === 'string') {
        encoding = end
        end = this.length
      }
      if (val.length === 1) {
        var code = val.charCodeAt(0)
        if (code < 256) {
          val = code
        }
      }
      if (encoding !== undefined && typeof encoding !== 'string') {
        throw new TypeError('encoding must be a string')
      }
      if (typeof encoding === 'string' && !Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)) {
        throw new TypeError('Unknown encoding: ' + encoding)
      }
    } else if (typeof val === 'number') {
      val = val & 255
    }
  
    // Invalid ranges are not set to a default, so can range check early.
    if (start < 0 || this.length < start || this.length < end) {
      throw new RangeError('Out of range index')
    }
  
    if (end <= start) {
      return this
    }
  
    start = start >>> 0
    end = end === undefined ? this.length : end >>> 0
  
    if (!val) val = 0
  
    var i
    if (typeof val === 'number') {
      for (i = start; i < end; ++i) {
        this[i] = val
      }
    } else {
      var bytes = Buffer.isBuffer(val)
        ? val
        : utf8ToBytes(new Buffer(val, encoding).toString())
      var len = bytes.length
      for (i = 0; i < end - start; ++i) {
        this[i + start] = bytes[i % len]
      }
    }
  
    return this
  }
  
  // HELPER FUNCTIONS
  // ================
  
  var INVALID_BASE64_RE = /[^+\/0-9A-Za-z-_]/g
  
  function base64clean (str) {
    // Node strips out invalid characters like \n and \t from the string, base64-js does not
    str = stringtrim(str).replace(INVALID_BASE64_RE, '')
    // Node converts strings with length < 2 to ''
    if (str.length < 2) return ''
    // Node allows for non-padded base64 strings (missing trailing ===), base64-js does not
    while (str.length % 4 !== 0) {
      str = str + '='
    }
    return str
  }
  
  function stringtrim (str) {
    if (str.trim) return str.trim()
    return str.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '')
  }
  
  function toHex (n) {
    if (n < 16) return '0' + n.toString(16)
    return n.toString(16)
  }
  
  function utf8ToBytes (string, units) {
    units = units || Infinity
    var codePoint
    var length = string.length
    var leadSurrogate = null
    var bytes = []
  
    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
      codePoint = string.charCodeAt(i)
  
      // is surrogate component
      if (codePoint > 0xD7FF && codePoint < 0xE000) {
        // last char was a lead
        if (!leadSurrogate) {
          // no lead yet
          if (codePoint > 0xDBFF) {
            // unexpected trail
            if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
            continue
          } else if (i + 1 === length) {
            // unpaired lead
            if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
            continue
          }
  
          // valid lead
          leadSurrogate = codePoint
  
          continue
        }
  
        // 2 leads in a row
        if (codePoint < 0xDC00) {
          if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
          leadSurrogate = codePoint
          continue
        }
  
        // valid surrogate pair
        codePoint = (leadSurrogate - 0xD800 << 10 | codePoint - 0xDC00) + 0x10000
      } else if (leadSurrogate) {
        // valid bmp char, but last char was a lead
        if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
      }
  
      leadSurrogate = null
  
      // encode utf8
      if (codePoint < 0x80) {
        if ((units -= 1) < 0) break
        bytes.push(codePoint)
      } else if (codePoint < 0x800) {
        if ((units -= 2) < 0) break
        bytes.push(
          codePoint >> 0x6 | 0xC0,
          codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
        )
      } else if (codePoint < 0x10000) {
        if ((units -= 3) < 0) break
        bytes.push(
          codePoint >> 0xC | 0xE0,
          codePoint >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80,
          codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
        )
      } else if (codePoint < 0x110000) {
        if ((units -= 4) < 0) break
        bytes.push(
          codePoint >> 0x12 | 0xF0,
          codePoint >> 0xC & 0x3F | 0x80,
          codePoint >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80,
          codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
        )
      } else {
        throw new Error('Invalid code point')
      }
    }
  
    return bytes
  }
  
  function asciiToBytes (str) {
    var byteArray = []
    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
      // Node's code seems to be doing this and not & 0x7F..
      byteArray.push(str.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF)
    }
    return byteArray
  }
  
  function utf16leToBytes (str, units) {
    var c, hi, lo
    var byteArray = []
    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) {
      if ((units -= 2) < 0) break
  
      c = str.charCodeAt(i)
      hi = c >> 8
      lo = c % 256
      byteArray.push(lo)
      byteArray.push(hi)
    }
  
    return byteArray
  }
  
  function base64ToBytes (str) {
    return base64.toByteArray(base64clean(str))
  }
  
  function blitBuffer (src, dst, offset, length) {
    for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
      if ((i + offset >= dst.length) || (i >= src.length)) break
      dst[i + offset] = src[i]
    }
    return i
  }
  
  function isnan (val) {
    return val !== val // eslint-disable-line no-self-compare
  }
  
  }).call(this)}).call(this,typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {},require("buffer").Buffer)