Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 50% duplication:
- 2,062 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 1,042 duplicated lines
- 138 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (43%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (15%)
203
2 file pairs
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (41%)
--> CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (29%)
138
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (37%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (9%)
126
2 file pairs
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (63%)
--> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (62%)
120
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (57%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (8%)
111
2 file pairs
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (59%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (8%)
111
2 file pairs
details...
CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (8%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (53%)
111
2 file pairs
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (56%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (51%)
106
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (55%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (51%)
106
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (54%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (37%)
102
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (53%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (37%)
102
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (37%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (49%)
102
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (43%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (7%)
96
2 file pairs
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (40%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (33%)
90
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (6%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (33%)
90
2 file pairs
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (40%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (42%)
88
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (46%)
--> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (40%)
88
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (45%)
--> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (40%)
88
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (21%)
--> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (31%)
70
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (20%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (25%)
68
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (19%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (32%)
66
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (19%)
--> CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (35%)
66
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (19%)
--> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (34%)
66
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (13%)
--> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (32%)
62
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (13%)
--> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (30%)
62
1 file pair
details...
CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (13%)
--> CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (32%)
62
1 file pair
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (43%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (15%) |
203 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (41%) --> CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (29%) |
138 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (37%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (9%) |
126 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (63%) --> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (62%) |
120 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (57%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (8%) |
111 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (59%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (8%) |
111 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (8%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (53%) |
111 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (56%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (51%) |
106 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (55%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (51%) |
106 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (54%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (37%) |
102 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (53%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (37%) |
102 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (37%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (49%) |
102 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (43%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (7%) |
96 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (40%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (33%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Windows/cascading-images-with-dotnet-web-application (6%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (33%) |
90 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (40%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (42%) |
88 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (46%) --> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (40%) |
88 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (45%) --> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (40%) |
88 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (21%) --> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 (31%) |
70 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (20%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-2016-with-vscode (25%) |
68 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (19%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (32%) |
66 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (19%) --> CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (35%) |
66 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/amazon-linux-2-with-helloworld (19%) --> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (34%) |
66 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (13%) --> CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent (32%) |
62 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (13%) --> CloudFormation/Windows/windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent (30%) |
62 | 1 file pair | details... |
| CloudFormation/Docker/ubuntu-dotnet-web-application (13%) --> CloudFormation/Linux/amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent (32%) |
62 | 1 file pair | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 20 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 62 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-application |  windows-baseline-stack.ymlwindows-dotnet-application-stack.yml |
177:244 (29%)437:504 (13%) | view |
| 47 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Linux/ama...2-with-latest-ssm-agentCloudFormation/Windows/w...r-with-latest-ssm-agent | amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent.ymlwindows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent.yml |
3:68 (50%)3:68 (45%) | view |
| 47 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-application | windows-baseline-stack.ymlwindows-dotnet-application-stack.yml |
55:116 (22%)81:142 (10%) | view |
| 47 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Linux/ama...2-with-latest-ssm-agentCloudFormation/Linux/ubu...4-with-latest-ssm-agent | amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent.ymlubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent.yml |
3:68 (50%)3:68 (48%) | view |
| 47 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Linux/ubu...4-with-latest-ssm-agentCloudFormation/Windows/w...r-with-latest-ssm-agent | ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent.ymlwindows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent.yml |
3:68 (48%)3:68 (45%) | view |
| 41 | x 2 | Components/Linux/ansible...xecution-amazon-linux-2Components/Linux/ansible...xecution-amazon-linux-2 | cloudformation.ymlcomponent.yml |
13:53 (80%)3:43 (100%) | view |
| 37 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Docker/ub...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-application | ubuntu-dotnet-web-application-pipelin...windows-dotnet-application-stack.yml |
99:145 (15%)80:126 (8%) | view |
| 36 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Docker/ub...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-application | ubuntu-dotnet-web-application-pipelin...windows-baseline-stack.yml |
100:145 (15%)55:100 (17%) | view |
| 35 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Docker/am...linux-2-with-helloworldCloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6 | amazon-linux-2-container-image.ymlubuntuserver20-with-.net6.yml |
68:109 (21%)44:85 (31%) | view |
| 30 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Linux/ubuntu-with-net6CloudFormation/Windows/w...server-2016-with-vscode | ubuntuserver20-with-.net6.ymlwindows-server-2016-with-vscode.yml |
22:65 (27%)5:48 (22%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Linux/ubu...4-with-latest-ssm-agentCloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-application | ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent.ymlwindows-dotnet-application-stack.yml |
27:54 (26%)81:108 (5%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-application | windows-baseline-stack.ymlwindows-dotnet-application-stack.yml |
132:158 (11%)392:418 (5%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Docker/ub...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Linux/ubu...4-with-latest-ssm-agent | ubuntu-dotnet-web-application-pipelin...ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent.yml |
100:127 (10%)27:54 (26%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Linux/ama...2-with-latest-ssm-agentCloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-application | amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent.ymlwindows-dotnet-application-stack.yml |
27:54 (26%)81:108 (5%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Linux/ama...2-with-latest-ssm-agentCloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-application | amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent.ymlwindows-baseline-stack.yml |
27:54 (26%)55:82 (11%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Docker/ub...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Windows/w...r-with-latest-ssm-agent | ubuntu-dotnet-web-application-pipelin...windows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent.yml |
100:127 (10%)27:54 (24%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Windows/w...r-with-latest-ssm-agent | windows-dotnet-application-stack.ymlwindows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent.yml |
81:108 (5%)27:54 (24%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Docker/ub...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Linux/ama...2-with-latest-ssm-agent | ubuntu-dotnet-web-application-pipelin...amazon-linux-2-with-latest-ssm-agent.yml |
100:127 (10%)27:54 (26%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Linux/ubu...4-with-latest-ssm-agentCloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-application | ubuntu-2004-with-latest-ssm-agent.ymlwindows-baseline-stack.yml |
27:54 (26%)55:82 (11%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | CloudFormation/Windows/c...-dotnet-web-applicationCloudFormation/Windows/w...r-with-latest-ssm-agent | windows-baseline-stack.ymlwindows-server-with-latest-ssm-agent.yml |
55:82 (11%)27:54 (24%) | view |