function utf8ToBytes()

in digital-shadow/demo-car/js/aws-iot/aws-iot.js [2706:2774]
60 lines of code
22 McCabe index (conditional complexity)

function utf8ToBytes (string, units) {
  units = units || Infinity
  var codePoint
  var length = string.length
  var leadSurrogate = null
  var bytes = []

  for (var i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    codePoint = string.charCodeAt(i)

    if (codePoint > 0xD7FF && codePoint < 0xE000) {
      if (!leadSurrogate) {
        if (codePoint > 0xDBFF) {
          if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
          continue
        } else if (i + 1 === length) {
          if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
          continue
        }

        leadSurrogate = codePoint

        continue
      }

      if (codePoint < 0xDC00) {
        if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
        leadSurrogate = codePoint
        continue
      }

      codePoint = (leadSurrogate - 0xD800 << 10 | codePoint - 0xDC00) + 0x10000
    } else if (leadSurrogate) {
      if ((units -= 3) > -1) bytes.push(0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD)
    }

    leadSurrogate = null

    if (codePoint < 0x80) {
      if ((units -= 1) < 0) break
      bytes.push(codePoint)
    } else if (codePoint < 0x800) {
      if ((units -= 2) < 0) break
      bytes.push(
        codePoint >> 0x6 | 0xC0,
        codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
      )
    } else if (codePoint < 0x10000) {
      if ((units -= 3) < 0) break
      bytes.push(
        codePoint >> 0xC | 0xE0,
        codePoint >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80,
        codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
      )
    } else if (codePoint < 0x110000) {
      if ((units -= 4) < 0) break
      bytes.push(
        codePoint >> 0x12 | 0xF0,
        codePoint >> 0xC & 0x3F | 0x80,
        codePoint >> 0x6 & 0x3F | 0x80,
        codePoint & 0x3F | 0x80
      )
    } else {
      throw new Error('Invalid code point')
    }
  }

  return bytes
}