Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 71% duplication:
- 56,269 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 40,278 duplicated lines
- 8,492 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
portable/GCC (49%)
--> portable/IAR (60%)
20092
1183 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (94%)
--> portable/GCC (16%)
6526
392 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (87%)
--> portable/IAR (18%)
6102
284 file pairs
details...
portable/IAR (7%)
--> portable/RVDS (64%)
2571
216 file pairs
details...
portable/GCC (5%)
--> portable/RVDS (53%)
2123
273 file pairs
details...
portable/CCS (77%)
--> portable/IAR (5%)
1686
92 file pairs
details...
portable/CCS (56%)
--> portable/GCC (3%)
1236
90 file pairs
details...
portable/GCC (2%)
--> portable/Renesas (49%)
1001
205 file pairs
details...
portable/CodeWarrior (105%)
--> portable/GCC (2%)
938
95 file pairs
details...
portable/IAR (2%)
--> portable/Renesas (43%)
887
146 file pairs
details...
portable/CCS (40%)
--> portable/RVDS (21%)
872
34 file pairs
details...
portable/GCC (2%)
--> portable/MikroC (145%)
826
40 file pairs
details...
portable/GCC (2%)
--> portable/MPLAB (15%)
811
174 file pairs
details...
portable/IAR (2%)
--> portable/MikroC (130%)
743
30 file pairs
details...
portable/IAR (2%)
--> portable/MPLAB (13%)
715
141 file pairs
details...
portable/IAR (2%)
--> portable/Rowley (183%)
706
22 file pairs
details...
portable/GCC (1%)
--> portable/Rowley (161%)
621
19 file pairs
details...
portable/CodeWarrior (67%)
--> portable/IAR (1%)
600
72 file pairs
details...
portable/MikroC (83%)
--> portable/RVDS (11%)
475
12 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (5%)
--> portable/MPLAB (6%)
363
54 file pairs
details...
portable/IAR (1%)
--> portable/Tasking (67%)
361
35 file pairs
details...
portable/IAR (<1%)
--> portable/MemMang (30%)
309
6 file pairs
details...
portable/GCC (<1%)
--> portable/MemMang (30%)
309
6 file pairs
details...
portable/GCC (<1%)
--> portable/Tasking (52%)
284
38 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (4%)
--> portable/RVDS (7%)
283
60 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (3%)
--> portable/CodeWarrior (31%)
276
28 file pairs
details...
portable/BCC (58%)
--> portable/oWatcom (52%)
265
3 file pairs
details...
portable/CCS (11%)
--> portable/MikroC (45%)
258
4 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (3%)
--> portable/MemMang (22%)
229
3 file pairs
details...
portable/CodeWarrior (24%)
--> portable/MPLAB (4%)
219
16 file pairs
details...
portable/CCS (9%)
--> portable/Tasking (39%)
215
8 file pairs
details...
portable/RVDS (4%)
--> portable/Tasking (35%)
190
13 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (2%)
--> portable/Rowley (49%)
189
6 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (2%)
--> portable/CCS (7%)
171
18 file pairs
details...
portable/BCC (36%)
--> portable/Paradigm (41%)
166
5 file pairs
details...
portable/MPLAB (3%)
--> portable/Rowley (42%)
162
5 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (2%)
--> portable/MikroC (26%)
150
9 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (1%)
--> portable/Renesas (4%)
84
48 file pairs
details...
portable/CodeWarrior (9%)
--> portable/Rowley (21%)
81
2 file pairs
details...
portable/IAR (<1%)
--> ROOT (<1%)
78
4 file pairs
details...
portable/RVDS (1%)
--> portable/Renesas (3%)
78
42 file pairs
details...
portable/GCC (<1%)
--> ROOT (<1%)
78
4 file pairs
details...
portable/MemMang (7%)
--> ROOT (<1%)
78
4 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (1%)
--> ROOT (<1%)
72
2 file pairs
details...
portable/MPLAB (1%)
--> portable/RVDS (1%)
67
21 file pairs
details...
portable/ARMv8M (<1%)
--> portable/Tasking (12%)
66
9 file pairs
details...
portable/CCS (2%)
--> portable/Rowley (16%)
62
1 file pair
details...
portable/Paradigm (14%)
--> portable/oWatcom (11%)
57
4 file pairs
details...
portable/MPLAB (1%)
--> portable/Renesas (2%)
54
18 file pairs
details...
portable/CodeWarrior (6%)
--> portable/RVDS (1%)
54
14 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| portable/GCC (49%) --> portable/IAR (60%) |
20092 | 1183 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (94%) --> portable/GCC (16%) |
6526 | 392 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (87%) --> portable/IAR (18%) |
6102 | 284 file pairs | details... |
| portable/IAR (7%) --> portable/RVDS (64%) |
2571 | 216 file pairs | details... |
| portable/GCC (5%) --> portable/RVDS (53%) |
2123 | 273 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CCS (77%) --> portable/IAR (5%) |
1686 | 92 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CCS (56%) --> portable/GCC (3%) |
1236 | 90 file pairs | details... |
| portable/GCC (2%) --> portable/Renesas (49%) |
1001 | 205 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CodeWarrior (105%) --> portable/GCC (2%) |
938 | 95 file pairs | details... |
| portable/IAR (2%) --> portable/Renesas (43%) |
887 | 146 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CCS (40%) --> portable/RVDS (21%) |
872 | 34 file pairs | details... |
| portable/GCC (2%) --> portable/MikroC (145%) |
826 | 40 file pairs | details... |
| portable/GCC (2%) --> portable/MPLAB (15%) |
811 | 174 file pairs | details... |
| portable/IAR (2%) --> portable/MikroC (130%) |
743 | 30 file pairs | details... |
| portable/IAR (2%) --> portable/MPLAB (13%) |
715 | 141 file pairs | details... |
| portable/IAR (2%) --> portable/Rowley (183%) |
706 | 22 file pairs | details... |
| portable/GCC (1%) --> portable/Rowley (161%) |
621 | 19 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CodeWarrior (67%) --> portable/IAR (1%) |
600 | 72 file pairs | details... |
| portable/MikroC (83%) --> portable/RVDS (11%) |
475 | 12 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (5%) --> portable/MPLAB (6%) |
363 | 54 file pairs | details... |
| portable/IAR (1%) --> portable/Tasking (67%) |
361 | 35 file pairs | details... |
| portable/IAR (<1%) --> portable/MemMang (30%) |
309 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| portable/GCC (<1%) --> portable/MemMang (30%) |
309 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| portable/GCC (<1%) --> portable/Tasking (52%) |
284 | 38 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (4%) --> portable/RVDS (7%) |
283 | 60 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (3%) --> portable/CodeWarrior (31%) |
276 | 28 file pairs | details... |
| portable/BCC (58%) --> portable/oWatcom (52%) |
265 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CCS (11%) --> portable/MikroC (45%) |
258 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (3%) --> portable/MemMang (22%) |
229 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CodeWarrior (24%) --> portable/MPLAB (4%) |
219 | 16 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CCS (9%) --> portable/Tasking (39%) |
215 | 8 file pairs | details... |
| portable/RVDS (4%) --> portable/Tasking (35%) |
190 | 13 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (2%) --> portable/Rowley (49%) |
189 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (2%) --> portable/CCS (7%) |
171 | 18 file pairs | details... |
| portable/BCC (36%) --> portable/Paradigm (41%) |
166 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| portable/MPLAB (3%) --> portable/Rowley (42%) |
162 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (2%) --> portable/MikroC (26%) |
150 | 9 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (1%) --> portable/Renesas (4%) |
84 | 48 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CodeWarrior (9%) --> portable/Rowley (21%) |
81 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| portable/IAR (<1%) --> ROOT (<1%) |
78 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| portable/RVDS (1%) --> portable/Renesas (3%) |
78 | 42 file pairs | details... |
| portable/GCC (<1%) --> ROOT (<1%) |
78 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| portable/MemMang (7%) --> ROOT (<1%) |
78 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (1%) --> ROOT (<1%) |
72 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| portable/MPLAB (1%) --> portable/RVDS (1%) |
67 | 21 file pairs | details... |
| portable/ARMv8M (<1%) --> portable/Tasking (12%) |
66 | 9 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CCS (2%) --> portable/Rowley (16%) |
62 | 1 file pair | details... |
| portable/Paradigm (14%) --> portable/oWatcom (11%) |
57 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| portable/MPLAB (1%) --> portable/Renesas (2%) |
54 | 18 file pairs | details... |
| portable/CodeWarrior (6%) --> portable/RVDS (1%) |
54 | 14 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 20 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1731 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7Sportable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64 |  lib_AT91SAM7X256.hlib_AT91SAM7X256.h |
55:4555 (100%)55:4555 (100%) | view |
| 1731 | x 2 | portable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64portable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64 | lib_AT91SAM7X128.hlib_AT91SAM7X256.h |
55:4555 (100%)55:4555 (100%) | view |
| 1731 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7Sportable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64 | lib_AT91SAM7X256.hlib_AT91SAM7X128.h |
55:4555 (100%)55:4555 (100%) | view |
| 661 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7Sportable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64 | AT91SAM7X256.hAT91SAM7X128.h |
49:1823 (98%)49:1823 (100%) | view |
| 661 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7Sportable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64 | ioat91sam7x256.hAT91SAM7X128.h |
49:1823 (28%)49:1823 (100%) | view |
| 661 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7Sportable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7S | AT91SAM7X256.hioat91sam7x256.h |
49:1823 (98%)49:1823 (28%) | view |
| 661 | x 2 | portable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64portable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64 | AT91SAM7X128.hAT91SAM7X256.h |
49:1823 (100%)49:1823 (100%) | view |
| 661 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7Sportable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64 | ioat91sam7x256.hAT91SAM7X256.h |
49:1823 (28%)49:1823 (100%) | view |
| 661 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM7_AT91SAM7Sportable/IAR/AtmelSAM7S64 | AT91SAM7X256.hAT91SAM7X256.h |
49:1823 (98%)49:1823 (100%) | view |
| 356 | x 2 | portable/ARMv8M/non_secure/portable/IAR/ARM_CM23portable/IAR/ARM_CM23/non_secure | s portasm.sportasm.s |
1:391 (100%)1:391 (100%) | view |
| 351 | x 2 | portable/ARMv8M/non_secure/portable/GCC/ARM_CM23portable/GCC/ARM_CM23/non_secure | portasm.cportasm.c |
47:458 (100%)47:458 (100%) | view |
| 341 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secure | port.cport.c |
290:1195 (100%)290:1195 (100%) | view |
| 341 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secure | port.cport.c |
290:1195 (100%)290:1195 (100%) | view |
| 341 | x 2 | portable/IAR/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM33/non_secure | port.cport.c |
290:1195 (100%)290:1195 (100%) | view |
| 341 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33/non_secure | port.cport.c |
290:1195 (100%)290:1195 (100%) | view |
| 341 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secure | port.cport.c |
290:1195 (100%)290:1195 (100%) | view |
| 341 | x 2 | portable/ARMv8M/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23/non_secure | port.cport.c |
290:1195 (100%)290:1195 (100%) | view |
| 341 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23/non_secure | port.cport.c |
290:1195 (100%)290:1195 (100%) | view |
| 341 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secure | port.cport.c |
290:1195 (100%)290:1195 (100%) | view |
| 341 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM33/non_secure | port.cport.c |
290:1195 (100%)290:1195 (100%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 20 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 181 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secure/portable/GCC/ARM_CM23 | portasm.cportasm.c |
228:409 228:409 | view |
| 166 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM33/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secure/portable/GCC/ARM_CM33 | portasm.cportasm.c |
212:378 212:378 | view |
| 121 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secu...rtable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ | portasm.cportasm.c |
223:344 223:344 | view |
| 96 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secu...rtable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ | portasm.cportasm.c |
207:303 207:303 | view |
| 86 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secure/portable/GCC/ARM_CM23 | portasm.cportasm.c |
47:133 47:133 | view |
| 85 | x 2 | portable/GCC/MicroBlazeV9portable/GCC/MicroBlazeV8 | port_exceptions.cport_exceptions.c |
103:226 103:226 | view |
| 81 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secu...rtable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ | portasm.cportasm.c |
47:128 47:128 | view |
| 78 | x 9 | portable/IAR/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM33/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secure | port.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.c |
1052:1172 1052:1172 1052:1172 1052:1172 1052:1172 1052:1172 1052:1172 1052:1172 1052:1172 | view |
| 73 | x 9 | portable/IAR/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM33/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secure | port.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.c |
765:881 765:881 765:881 765:881 765:881 765:881 765:881 765:881 765:881 | view |
| 73 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM33/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secure/portable/GCC/ARM_CM33 | portasm.cportasm.c |
43:116 43:116 | view |
| 68 | x 4 | portable/IAR/ARM_CM7/r0p1portable/IAR/ARM_CM0portable/IAR/ARM_CM4Fportable/IAR/ARM_CM3 | port.cport.cport.cport.c |
384:547 268:431 396:559 359:522 | view |
| 68 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secu...rtable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ | portasm.cportasm.c |
43:111 43:111 | view |
| 68 | x 2 | portable/CCS/ARM_CM4Fportable/CCS/ARM_CM3 | port.cport.c |
382:545 357:520 | view |
| 68 | x 4 | portable/RVDS/ARM_CM7/r0p1portable/RVDS/ARM_CM0portable/RVDS/ARM_CM4Fportable/RVDS/ARM_CM3 | port.cport.cport.cport.c |
529:692 382:545 543:706 451:614 | view |
| 58 | x 2 | portable/GCC/RX600v2portable/GCC/RX200 | port.cport.c |
275:382 281:388 | view |
| 57 | x 9 | portable/IAR/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM33/non_secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33_NTZ/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM23_NTZ/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33/non_secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM23/non_secureportable/ARMv8M/non_secure | port.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.cport.c |
602:683 602:683 602:683 602:683 602:683 602:683 602:683 602:683 602:683 | view |
| 54 | x 5 | portable/IAR/ARM_CM33/secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23/secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33/secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM23/secureportable/ARMv8M/secure/context | secure_context.csecure_context.csecure_context.csecure_context.csecure_context.c |
182:275 182:275 182:275 182:275 182:275 | view |
| 54 | x 2 | portable/GCC/ARM_CM3_MPUportable/GCC/ARM_CM4_MPU | port.cport.c |
255:332 275:351 | view |
| 42 | x 7 | portable/IAR/ARM_CM33/secureportable/IAR/ARM_CM23/secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM33/secureportable/GCC/ARM_CM23/secureportable/ARMv8M/secure/heapportable/MemMangportable/MemMang | secure_heap.csecure_heap.csecure_heap.csecure_heap.csecure_heap.cheap_4.cheap_5.c |
183:243 183:243 183:243 183:243 183:243 392:452 346:406 | view |
| 35 | x 2 | portable/IAR/RX700v3_DPFPUportable/GCC/RX700v3_DPFPU | port.cport.c |
311:385 334:408 | view |