commons-numbers-arrays/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/arrays/QuickSelect.java [1372:1420]:
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                a[great] = v;
                great--;
                // delay a[k] = w
                if (w < v1) {
                    a[k] = a[less];
                    a[less] = w;
                    less++;
                } else {
                    a[k] = w;
                }
            }
        }

        // Change to inclusive ends : a[less] < P1 : a[great] > P2
        less--;
        great++;
        // Move the pivots to correct locations
        a[left] = a[less];
        a[less] = v1;
        a[right] = a[great];
        a[great] = v2;

        // Record the pivot locations
        final int lower = less;
        bounds[2] = great;

        // equal elements
        // Original paper: If middle partition is bigger than a threshold
        // then check for equal elements.

        // Note: This is extra work. When performing partitioning the region of interest
        // may be entirely above or below the central region and this can be skipped.

        // Here we look for equal elements if the centre is more than 5/8 the length.
        // 5/8 = 1/2 + 1/8. Pivots must be different.
        if ((great - less) > (n >>> 1) + (n >>> 3) && v1 != v2) {

            // Fast-forward to reduce swaps. Changes inclusive ends to exclusive ends.
            // Since v1 != v2 these act as sentinels to prevent overrun.
            do {
                ++less;
            } while (a[less] == v1);
            do {
                --great;
            } while (a[great] == v2);

            // This copies the logic in the sorting loop using == comparisons
            EQUAL:
            for (int k = less - 1; ++k <= great;) {
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commons-numbers-arrays/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/arrays/QuickSelect.java [2631:2679]:
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                a[great] = v;
                great--;
                // delay a[k] = w
                if (w < v1) {
                    a[k] = a[less];
                    a[less] = w;
                    less++;
                } else {
                    a[k] = w;
                }
            }
        }

        // Change to inclusive ends : a[less] < P1 : a[great] > P2
        less--;
        great++;
        // Move the pivots to correct locations
        a[left] = a[less];
        a[less] = v1;
        a[right] = a[great];
        a[great] = v2;

        // Record the pivot locations
        final int lower = less;
        bounds[2] = great;

        // equal elements
        // Original paper: If middle partition is bigger than a threshold
        // then check for equal elements.

        // Note: This is extra work. When performing partitioning the region of interest
        // may be entirely above or below the central region and this can be skipped.

        // Here we look for equal elements if the centre is more than 5/8 the length.
        // 5/8 = 1/2 + 1/8. Pivots must be different.
        if ((great - less) > (n >>> 1) + (n >>> 3) && v1 != v2) {

            // Fast-forward to reduce swaps. Changes inclusive ends to exclusive ends.
            // Since v1 != v2 these act as sentinels to prevent overrun.
            do {
                ++less;
            } while (a[less] == v1);
            do {
                --great;
            } while (a[great] == v2);

            // This copies the logic in the sorting loop using == comparisons
            EQUAL:
            for (int k = less - 1; ++k <= great;) {
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