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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Encrypted JSON authentication</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#downloading-the-json-authentication-extension">Downloading the JSON authentication extension</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#installing-json-authentication">Installing JSON authentication</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#configuring-guacamole-to-accept-encrypted-json">Configuring Guacamole to accept encrypted JSON</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#json-format">JSON format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#generating-encrypted-json">Generating encrypted JSON</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="#reference-implementation">Reference implementation</a></li>
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<section id="encrypted-json-authentication">
<h1>Encrypted JSON authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#encrypted-json-authentication" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Guacamole supports delegating authentication to an arbitrary external service,
relying on receipt of JSON data which has been <span class="xref myst">signed using HMAC/SHA-256 and
encrypted with 128-bit AES in CBC mode</span>. This JSON
contains <span class="xref myst">all information describing the user being authenticated</span>,
as well as any connections they have access to, and is accepted only if the
configured secret key was used to sign and encrypt the data.</p>
<section id="downloading-the-json-authentication-extension">
<span id="json-downloading"></span><h2>Downloading the JSON authentication extension<a class="headerlink" href="#downloading-the-json-authentication-extension" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The JSON authentication extension is available separately from the main
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">guacamole.war</span></code>. The link for this and all other officially-supported and
compatible extensions for a particular version of Guacamole are provided on the
release notes for that version. You can find the release notes for current
versions of Guacamole here: <a class="reference external" href="http://guacamole.apache.org/releases/">http://guacamole.apache.org/releases/</a>.</p>
<p>The JSON authentication extension is packaged as a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.tar.gz</span></code> file containing
only the extension itself, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">guacamole-auth-json-1.5.2.jar</span></code>, which must
ultimately be placed in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GUACAMOLE_HOME/extensions</span></code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="installing-json-authentication">
<span id="installing-json-auth"></span><h2>Installing JSON authentication<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-json-authentication" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Guacamole extensions are self-contained <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.jar</span></code> files which are located within
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GUACAMOLE_HOME/extensions</span></code> directory. <em>If you are unsure where
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GUACAMOLE_HOME</span></code> is located on your system, please consult
<a class="reference internal" href="configuring-guacamole.html"><span class="doc std std-doc">Configuring Guacamole</span></a> before proceeding.</em></p>
<p>To install the JSON authentication extension, you must:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Create the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GUACAMOLE_HOME/extensions</span></code> directory, if it does not already
exist.</p></li>
<li><p>Copy <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">guacamole-auth-json-1.5.2.jar</span></code> within <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GUACAMOLE_HOME/extensions</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Configure Guacamole to use JSON authentication, as described below.</p></li>
</ol>
<section id="configuring-guacamole-to-accept-encrypted-json">
<span id="json-config"></span><h3>Configuring Guacamole to accept encrypted JSON<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-guacamole-to-accept-encrypted-json" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>To verify and decrypt the received signed and encrypted JSON, a secret key must
be generated which will be shared by both the Guacamole server and systems that
will generate the JSON data. As guacamole-auth-json uses 128-bit AES, this key
must be 128 bits.</p>
<p>An easy way of generating such a key is to echo a passphrase through the
“md5sum” utility. This is the technique OpenSSL itself uses to generate 128-bit
keys from passphrases. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ echo -n "ThisIsATest" | md5sum
4c0b569e4c96df157eee1b65dd0e4d41 -
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The generated key must then be saved within <a class="reference internal" href="configuring-guacamole.html#initial-setup"><span class="std std-ref"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">guacamole.properties</span></code></span></a>
as the full 32-digit hex value using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json-secret-key</span></code> property:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>json-secret-key: 4c0b569e4c96df157eee1b65dd0e4d41
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="completing-the-installation">
<span id="completing-json-install"></span><h3>Completing the installation<a class="headerlink" href="#completing-the-installation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h3>
<p>Guacamole will only reread <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">guacamole.properties</span></code> and load newly-installed
extensions during startup, so your servlet container will need to be restarted
before JSON authentication can be used. <em>Doing this will disconnect all active
users, so be sure that it is safe to do so prior to attempting installation.</em>
When ready, restart your servlet container and give the new authentication a
try.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="json-format">
<span id="id1"></span><h2>JSON format<a class="headerlink" href="#json-format" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The general format of the JSON (prior to being encrypted, signed, and sent to
Guacamole), is as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>{
"username" : "arbitraryUsername",
"expires" : TIMESTAMP,
"connections" : {
"Connection Name" : {
"protocol" : "PROTOCOL",
"parameters" : {
"name1" : "value1",
"name2" : "value2",
...
}
},
...
}
}
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIMESTAMP</span></code> is a standard UNIX epoch timestamp with millisecond
resolution (the number of milliseconds since midnight of January 1, 1970 UTC)
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PROTOCOL</span></code> is the internal name of any of Guacamole’s supported protocols,
such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vnc</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rdp</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssh</span></code>.</p>
<p>The JSON will cease to be accepted as valid after the server time passes the
timestamp. If no timestamp is specified, the data will not expire.</p>
<p>The top-level JSON object which must be submitted to Guacamole has the
following properties:</p>
<table class="colwidths-auto docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Property name</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">username</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The unique username of the user authenticated by the JSON. If the user is
anonymous, this should be the empty string (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">""</span></code>).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">expires</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">number</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The absolute time after which the JSON should no longer be accepted, even
if the signature is valid, as a standard UNIX epoch timestamp with
millisecond resolution (the number of milliseconds since midnight of
January 1, 1970 UTC).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connections</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">object</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The set of connections which should be exposed to the user by their
corresponding, unique names. If no connections will be exposed to the user,
this can simply be an empty object (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">{}</span></code>).</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Each normal connection defined within each submitted JSON object has the
following properties:</p>
<table class="colwidths-auto docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Property name</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>An optional opaque value which uniquely identifies this connection across
all other connections which may be active at any given time. This property
is only required if you wish to allow the connection to be shared or
shadowed.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">protocol</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The internal name of a supported protocol, such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">vnc</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rdp</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssh</span></code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parameters</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">object</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>An object representing the connection parameter name/value pairs to apply
to the connection, as documented in <a class="reference internal" href="configuring-guacamole.html#connection-configuration"><span class="std std-ref">Configuring connections</span></a>.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Connections which share or shadow other connections use a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">join</span></code> property
instead of a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">protocol</span></code> property, where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">join</span></code> contains the value of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code>
property of the connection being joined:</p>
<table class="colwidths-auto docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Property name</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Type</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>Description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>An optional opaque value which uniquely identifies this connection across
all other connections which may be active at any given time. This property
is only required if you wish to allow the connection to be shared or
shadowed. (Yes, a connection which shadows another connection may itself be
shadowed.)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">join</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>The opaque ID given within the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code> property of the connection being joined
(shared / shadowed).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parameters</span></code></p></td>
<td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">object</span></code></p></td>
<td><p>An object representing the connection parameter name/value pairs to apply
to the connection, as documented in <a class="reference internal" href="configuring-guacamole.html#connection-configuration"><span class="std std-ref">Configuring connections</span></a>.</p>
<p>Most of the connection configuration is inherited from the connection being
joined. In general, the only property relevant to joining connections is
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read-only</span></code>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>If a connection is configured to join another connection, that connection will
only be usable if the connection being joined is currently active. If two
connections are established having the same <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code> value, only the last
connection will be joinable using the given <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">id</span></code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="generating-encrypted-json">
<span id="id2"></span><h2>Generating encrypted JSON<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-encrypted-json" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>To authenticate a user with the above JSON format, the JSON must be both signed
and encrypted using the same 128-bit secret key specified with the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json-secret-key</span></code> within <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">guacamole.properties</span></code>:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Generate JSON in the format described above</p></li>
<li><p>Sign the JSON using the secret key (the same 128-bit key stored within
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">guacamole.properties</span></code> with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">json-secret-key</span></code> property) with
<strong>HMAC/SHA-256</strong>. Prepend the binary result of the signing process to the
plaintext JSON that was signed.</p></li>
<li><p>Encrypt the result of (2) above using <strong>AES in CBC mode</strong>, with the initial
vector (IV) set to all zero bytes.</p></li>
<li><p>Encode the encrypted result using base64.</p></li>
<li><p>POST the encrypted result to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/api/tokens</span></code> REST endpoint as the value of
an HTTP parameter named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">data</span></code> (or include it in the URL of any Guacamole
page as a query parameter named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">data</span></code>).</p>
<p>For example, if Guacamole is running on localhost at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/guacamole</span></code>, and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BASE64_RESULT</span></code> is the result of the above process, the equivalent run of
the “curl” utility would be:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ curl --data-urlencode "data=BASE64_RESULT" http://localhost:8080/guacamole/api/tokens
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> Be sure to URL-encode the base64-encoded result prior to POSTing
it to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/api/tokens</span></code> or including it in the URL. Base64 can contain both “+”
and “=” characters, which have special meaning within URLs.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>If the data is invalid in any way, if the signature does not match, if
decryption or signature verification fails, or if the submitted data has
expired, the REST service will return an invalid credentials error and fail
without user-visible explanation. Details describing the error that occurred
will be in the Tomcat logs, however.</p>
</section>
<section id="reference-implementation">
<h2>Reference implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#reference-implementation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>The source includes a shell script, <a class="reference external" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/guacamole-client/master/extensions/guacamole-auth-json/doc/encrypt-json.sh"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">doc/encrypt-json.sh</span></code></a>,
which uses the OpenSSL command-line utility to encrypt and sign JSON in the
manner that guacamole-auth-json requires. It is thoroughly commented and should
work well as a reference implementation, for testing, and as a point of
comparison for development. The script is run as:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ ./encrypt-json.sh HEX_ENCRYPTION_KEY file-to-sign-and-encrypt.json
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For example, if you have a file called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth.json</span></code> containing the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>{
"username" : "test",
"expires" : "1446323765000",
"connections" : {
"My Connection" : {
"protocol" : "rdp",
"parameters" : {
"hostname" : "10.10.209.63",
"port" : "3389",
"ignore-cert": "true",
"recording-path": "/recordings",
"recording-name": "My-Connection-${GUAC_USERNAME}-${GUAC_DATE}-${GUAC_TIME}"
}
},
"My OTHER Connection" : {
"protocol" : "rdp",
"parameters" : {
"hostname" : "10.10.209.64",
"port" : "3389",
"ignore-cert": "true",
"recording-path": "/recordings",
"recording-name": "My-OTHER-Connection-${GUAC_USERNAME}-${GUAC_DATE}-${GUAC_TIME}"
}
}
}
}
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>and you run:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ ./encrypt-json.sh 4C0B569E4C96DF157EEE1B65DD0E4D41 auth.json
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You will receive the following output:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>A2Pf5Kpmm97I2DT1PifIrfU6q3yzoGcIbNXEd60WNangT8DAVjAl6luaqwhBJnCK
uqcf9ZZlRo3uDxTHvUM3eq1YvdghL0GbosOn8Mn38j2ydOMk+Cd15a8ggb4/ddt/
yIBK4DxrN7MNbouZ091KYtXC6m20E6sGzLy676BlMSg1cmsENRIihOynsSLSCvo0
diif6H7T+ZuIqF7B5SW+adGfMaHlfknlIvSpLGHhrIP4aMYE/ZU2vYNg8ez27sCS
wDBWu5lERtfCYFyU4ysjRU5Hyov+yKa+O7jcRYpw3N+fHbCg7/dxVNW07qNOKssv
pzUciGvDPUCPpa02WmPJNEBowwQireO1952/MNAI77cW2UepbljD/bwOiZl2THJz
LrENo7K5acimBa+EjWEesgn7lx/WTCF3zxR6TH1CWrQM8Et1aUK1Nf8K11xEQbTy
klyaNtCmTfyahRZ/fUPxDNrdJVpPOSELkf7RJO5tOdK/FFIFIbze3ZUyXgRq+pHY
owpgOmudDBTBlxhXiONdutRI/RZbFM/7GBMdmI8AR/401OCV3nsI4jLhukjMXH3V
f3pQg+xKMhi/QExHhDk8VTNYk7GurK4vgehn7HQ0oSGh8pGcmxB6W43cz+hyn6VQ
On6i90cSnIhRO8SysZt332LwJCDm7I+lBLaI8NVHU6bnAY1Axx5oH3YTKc4qzHls
HEAFYLkD6aHMvHkF3b798CMravjxiJV3m7hsXDbaFN6AFhn8GIkMRRrjuevfZ+q9
enWN14s24vt5OVg69DljzALobUNKUXFx69SR8EpSBvUcKq8s/OgbDpFvKbwsDY57
HGT4T0CuRIA0TGUI075uerKBNApVhuBA1BmWJIrI4JXw5MuX6pdBe+MYccO3vfo+
/frazj8rHdkDa/IbueMbvq+1ozV2+UuxrbaTrV2i4jSRgd74U0QzOh9e8Q0i7vOi
l3hnIfOfg+v1oULmZmJSeiAYWxeGvPptp+n7rNFqHGM=
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The resulting base64 data above, if submitted using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">data</span></code> parameter to
Guacamole, will authenticate a user and grant them access to the connections
described in the JSON (at least until the expires timestamp is reached, at
which point the JSON will no longer be accepted).</p>
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