src/main/java/org/apache/datasketches/pig/theta/DataToSketch.java [124:206]:
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    super();
    this.nomEntries_ = nomEntries;
    this.p_ = p;
    this.seed_ = seed;
    this.emptyCompactOrderedSketchTuple_ = emptySketchTuple(seed);
    //Catch these errors during construction, don't wait for the exec to be called.
    checkIfPowerOf2(nomEntries, "nomEntries");
    checkProbability(p, "p");
    if (nomEntries < 1 << Util.MIN_LG_NOM_LONGS) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("NomEntries too small: " + nomEntries
          + ", required: " + (1 << Util.MIN_LG_NOM_LONGS));
    }
  }

  //@formatter:off
  /*************************************************************************************************
   * Top-level exec function.
   * This method accepts an input Tuple containing a Bag of one or more inner <b>Datum Tuples</b>
   * and returns a single updated <b>Sketch</b> as a <b>Sketch Tuple</b>.
   *
   * <p>If a large number of calls is anticipated, leveraging either the <i>Algebraic</i> or
   * <i>Accumulator</i> interfaces is recommended. Pig normally handles this automatically.
   *
   * <p>Internally, this method presents the inner <b>Datum Tuples</b> to a new <b>Sketch</b>,
   * which is returned as a <b>Sketch Tuple</b>
   *
   * <p><b>Input Tuple</b>
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Tuple: TUPLE (Must contain only one field)
   *     <ul>
   *       <li>index 0: DataBag: BAG (May contain 0 or more Inner Tuples)
   *         <ul>
   *           <li>index 0: Tuple: TUPLE <b>Datum Tuple</b></li>
   *           <li>...</li>
   *           <li>index n-1: Tuple: TUPLE <b>Datum Tuple</b></li>
   *         </ul>
   *       </li>
   *     </ul>
   *   </li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * <b>Datum Tuple</b>
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Tuple: TUPLE (Must contain only one field)
   *     <ul>
   *       <li>index 0: Java data type : Pig DataType: may be any one of:
   *         <ul>
   *           <li>Byte: BYTE</li>
   *           <li>Integer: INTEGER</li>
   *           <li>Long: LONG</li>
   *           <li>Float: FLOAT</li>
   *           <li>Double: DOUBLE</li>
   *           <li>String: CHARARRAY</li>
   *           <li>DataByteArray: BYTEARRAY</li>
   *         </ul>
   *       </li>
   *     </ul>
   *   </li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * <p><b>Note</b> Strings as values are normally typed as DataType.CHARARRAY, which will be
   * encoded as UTF-8 prior to being submitted to the sketch. If the user requires a different
   * encoding for cross-platform compatibility, it is recommended that these values be encoded prior
   * to being submitted in a DataBag and then typed as a DataType.BYTEARRAY.</p>
   *
   * <b>Sketch Tuple</b>
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Tuple: TUPLE (Contains exactly 1 field)
   *     <ul>
   *       <li>index 0: DataByteArray: BYTEARRAY = The serialization of a Sketch object.</li>
   *     </ul>
   *   </li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * @param inputTuple A tuple containing a single bag, containing Datum Tuples.
   * @return Sketch Tuple. If inputTuple is null or empty, returns empty sketch (8 bytes).
   * @see "org.apache.pig.EvalFunc.exec(org.apache.pig.data.Tuple)"
   * @throws IOException from Pig.
   */
  // @formatter:on

  @Override //TOP LEVEL EXEC
  public Tuple exec(final Tuple inputTuple) throws IOException { //throws is in API
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src/main/java/org/apache/datasketches/pig/theta/Union.java [129:186]:
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    super();
    this.nomEntries_ = nomEntries;
    this.p_ = p;
    this.seed_ = seed;
    this.emptyCompactOrderedSketchTuple_ = emptySketchTuple(seed);
    //Catch these errors during construction, don't wait for the exec to be called.
    checkIfPowerOf2(nomEntries, "nomEntries");
    checkProbability(p, "p");
    if (nomEntries < 1 << Util.MIN_LG_NOM_LONGS) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("NomEntries too small: " + nomEntries
          + ", required: " + (1 << Util.MIN_LG_NOM_LONGS));
    }
  }

  //@formatter:off
  /************************************************************************************************
   * Top-level exec function.
   * This method accepts an input Tuple containing a Bag of one or more inner <b>Sketch Tuples</b>
   * and returns a single updated <b>Sketch</b> as a <b>Sketch Tuple</b>.
   *
   * <p>If a large number of calls are anticipated, leveraging either the <i>Algebraic</i> or
   * <i>Accumulator</i> interfaces is recommended. Pig normally handles this automatically.
   *
   * <p>Internally, this method presents the inner <b>Sketch Tuples</b> to a new <b>Union</b>.
   * The result is returned as a <b>Sketch Tuple</b>
   *
   * <p><b>Input Tuple</b>
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Tuple: TUPLE (Must contain only one field)
   *     <ul>
   *       <li>index 0: DataBag: BAG (May contain 0 or more Inner Tuples)
   *         <ul>
   *           <li>index 0: Tuple: TUPLE <b>Sketch Tuple</b></li>
   *           <li>...</li>
   *           <li>index n-1: Tuple: TUPLE <b>Sketch Tuple</b></li>
   *         </ul>
   *       </li>
   *     </ul>
   *   </li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * <b>Sketch Tuple</b>
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Tuple: TUPLE (Contains exactly 1 field)
   *     <ul>
   *       <li>index 0: DataByteArray: BYTEARRAY = The serialization of a Sketch object.</li>
   *     </ul>
   *   </li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * @param inputTuple A tuple containing a single bag, containing Sketch Tuples.
   * @return Sketch Tuple. If inputTuple is null or empty, returns empty sketch (8 bytes).
   * @see "org.apache.pig.EvalFunc.exec(org.apache.pig.data.Tuple)"
   */
  //@formatter:on

  @Override //TOP LEVEL EXEC
  public Tuple exec(final Tuple inputTuple) throws IOException { //throws is in API
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