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        the validation due to various causes (mismatch magic bytes, crc checksum errors, null key for log compacted topics, etc), the whole batch would be rejected
        with the same and misleading <code>CORRUPT_MESSAGE</code>, and the caller of the producer client would see the corresponding exception from either
        the future object of <code>RecordMetadata</code> returned from the <code>send</code> call as well as in the <code>Callback#onCompletion(RecordMetadata metadata, Exception exception)</code>
        Now with the new error code and improved error messages of the exception, producer callers would be better informed about the root cause why their sent records were failed.
    </li>
    <li>We are introducing incremental cooperative rebalancing to the clients' group protocol, which allows consumers to keep all of their assigned partitions during a rebalance
        and at the end revoke only those which must be migrated to another consumer for overall cluster balance. The <code>ConsumerCoordinator</code> will choose the latest <code>RebalanceProtocol</code>
        that is commonly supported by all of the consumer's supported assignors. You can use the new built-in <code>CooperativeStickyAssignor</code> or plug in your own custom cooperative assignor. To do
        so you must implement the <code>ConsumerPartitionAssignor</code> interface and include <code>RebalanceProtocol.COOPERATIVE</code> in the list returned by <code>ConsumerPartitionAssignor#supportedProtocols</code>.
        Your custom assignor can then leverage the <code>ownedPartitions</code> field in each consumer's <code>Subscription</code> to give partitions back to their previous owners whenever possible. Note that when
        a partition is to be reassigned to another consumer, it <em>must</em> be removed from the new assignment until it has been revoked from its original owner. Any consumer that has to revoke a partition will trigger
        a followup rebalance to allow the revoked partition to safely be assigned to its new owner. See the
        <a href="https://kafka.apache.org/24/javadoc/index.html?org/apache/kafka/clients/consumer/ConsumerPartitionAssignor.RebalanceProtocol.html">ConsumerPartitionAssignor RebalanceProtocol javadocs</a> for more information.
        <br>
        To upgrade from the old (eager) protocol, which always revokes all partitions before rebalancing, to cooperative rebalancing, you must follow a specific upgrade path to get all clients on the same <code>ConsumerPartitionAssignor</code>
        that supports the cooperative protocol. This can be done with two rolling bounces, using the <code>CooperativeStickyAssignor</code> for the example: during the first one, add "cooperative-sticky" to the list of supported assignors
        for each member (without removing the previous assignor -- note that if previously using the default, you must include that explicitly as well). You then bounce and/or upgrade it.
        Once the entire group is on 2.4+ and all members have the "cooperative-sticky" among their supported assignors, remove the other assignor(s) and perform a second rolling bounce so that by the end all members support only the
        cooperative protocol. For further details on the cooperative rebalancing protocol and upgrade path, see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/vAclBg">KIP-429</a>.
    </li>
    <li>There are some behavioral changes to the <code>ConsumerRebalanceListener</code>, as well as a new API. Exceptions thrown during any of the listener's three callbacks will no longer be swallowed, and will instead be re-thrown
        all the way up to the <code>Consumer.poll()</code> call. The <code>onPartitionsLost</code> method has been added to allow users to react to abnormal circumstances where a consumer may have lost ownership of its partitions
        (such as a missed rebalance) and cannot commit offsets. By default, this will simply call the existing <code>onPartitionsRevoked</code> API to align with previous behavior. Note however that <code>onPartitionsLost</code> will not
        be called when the set of lost partitions is empty. This means that no callback will be invoked at the beginning of the first rebalance of a new consumer joining the group.
        <br>
        The semantics of the <code>ConsumerRebalanceListener's</code> callbacks are further changed when following the cooperative rebalancing protocol described above. In addition to <code>onPartitionsLost</code>, <code>onPartitionsRevoked</code>
        will also never be called when the set of revoked partitions is empty. The callback will generally be invoked only at the end of a rebalance, and only on the set of partitions that are being moved to another consumer. The
        <code>onPartitionsAssigned</code> callback will however always be called, even with an empty set of partitions, as a way to notify users of a rebalance event (this is true for both cooperative and eager). For details on
        the new callback semantics, see the <a href="https://kafka.apache.org/24/javadoc/index.html?org/apache/kafka/clients/consumer/ConsumerRebalanceListener.html">ConsumerRebalanceListener javadocs</a>.
    </li>
    <li>The Scala trait <code>kafka.security.auth.Authorizer</code> has been deprecated and replaced with a new Java API
        <code>org.apache.kafka.server.authorizer.Authorizer</code>. The authorizer implementation class
        <code>kafka.security.auth.SimpleAclAuthorizer</code> has also been deprecated and replaced with a new
        implementation <code>kafka.security.authorizer.AclAuthorizer</code>. <code>AclAuthorizer</code> uses features
        supported by the new API to improve authorization logging and is compatible with <code>SimpleAclAuthorizer</code>.
        For more details, see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-504+-+Add+new+Java+Authorizer+Interface">KIP-504</a>.
    </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_2_3_0" href="#upgrade_2_3_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, 2.0.x or 2.1.x or 2.2.x to 2.3.0</a></h4>

<p><b>If you are upgrading from a version prior to 2.1.x, please see the note below about the change to the schema used to store consumer offsets.
    Once you have changed the inter.broker.protocol.version to the latest version, it will not be possible to downgrade to a version prior to 2.1.</b></p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, 2.0.x, or 2.1.x, and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol version.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. Once you have done so, the
        brokers will be running the latest version and you can verify that the cluster's behavior and performance meets expectations.
        It is still possible to downgrade at this point if there are any problems.
    </li>
    <li> Once the cluster's behavior and performance has been verified, bump the protocol version by editing
        <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 2.3.
    </li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. Once the brokers begin using the latest
        protocol version, it will no longer be possible to downgrade the cluster to an older version.
    </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 2.3 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala clients,
        which are no longer maintained, do not support the message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid conversion costs
        (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
        the newer Java clients must be used.
    </li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_230_notable" href="#upgrade_230_notable">Notable changes in 2.3.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> We are introducing a new rebalancing protocol for Kafka Connect based on
        <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-415%3A+Incremental+Cooperative+Rebalancing+in+Kafka+Connect">incremental cooperative rebalancing</a>.
        The new protocol does not require stopping all the tasks during a rebalancing phase between Connect workers. Instead, only the tasks that need to be exchanged
        between workers are stopped and they are started in a follow up rebalance. The new Connect protocol is enabled by default beginning with 2.3.0.
        For more details on how it works and how to enable the old behavior of eager rebalancing, checkout
        <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/#connect_administration">incremental cooperative rebalancing design</a>.
    </li>
    <li> We are introducing static membership towards consumer user. This feature reduces unnecessary rebalances during normal application upgrades or rolling bounces.
        For more details on how to use it, checkout <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/#static_membership">static membership design</a>.
    </li>
    <li> Kafka Streams DSL switches its used store types. While this change is mainly transparent to users, there are some corner cases that may require code changes.
        See the <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_230">Kafka Streams upgrade section</a> for more details.
    </li>
    <li>Kafka Streams 2.3.0 requires 0.11 message format or higher and does not work with older message format.</li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_2_2_0" href="#upgrade_2_2_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, 2.0.x or 2.1.x to 2.2.0</a></h4>

<p><b>If you are upgrading from a version prior to 2.1.x, please see the note below about the change to the schema used to store consumer offsets.
    Once you have changed the inter.broker.protocol.version to the latest version, it will not be possible to downgrade to a version prior to 2.1.</b></p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, or 2.0.x and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol version.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1, 2.0).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. Once you have done so, the
        brokers will be running the latest version and you can verify that the cluster's behavior and performance meets expectations.
        It is still possible to downgrade at this point if there are any problems.
    </li>
    <li> Once the cluster's behavior and performance has been verified, bump the protocol version by editing
        <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 2.2.
    </li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. Once the brokers begin using the latest
        protocol version, it will no longer be possible to downgrade the cluster to an older version.
    </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 2.2 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala clients,
        which are no longer maintained, do not support the message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid conversion costs
        (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
        the newer Java clients must be used.
    </li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_221_notable" href="#upgrade_221_notable">Notable changes in 2.2.1</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Kafka Streams 2.2.1 requires 0.11 message format or higher and does not work with older message format.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_220_notable" href="#upgrade_220_notable">Notable changes in 2.2.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>The default consumer group id has been changed from the empty string (<code>""</code>) to <code>null</code>. Consumers who use the new default group id will not be able to subscribe to topics,
        and fetch or commit offsets. The empty string as consumer group id is deprecated but will be supported until a future major release. Old clients that rely on the empty string group id will now
        have to explicitly provide it as part of their consumer config. For more information see
        <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-289%3A+Improve+the+default+group+id+behavior+in+KafkaConsumer">KIP-289</a>.</li>
    <li>The <code>bin/kafka-topics.sh</code> command line tool is now able to connect directly to brokers with <code>--bootstrap-server</code> instead of zookeeper. The old <code>--zookeeper</code>
        option is still available for now. Please read <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-377%3A+TopicCommand+to+use+AdminClient">KIP-377</a> for more information.</li>
    <li>Kafka Streams depends on a newer version of RocksDBs that requires MacOS 10.13 or higher.</li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_2_1_0" href="#upgrade_2_1_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, or 2.0.0 to 2.1.0</a></h4>

<p><b>Note that 2.1.x contains a change to the internal schema used to store consumer offsets. Once the upgrade is
  complete, it will not be possible to downgrade to previous versions. See the rolling upgrade notes below for more detail.</b></p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, or 2.0.x and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol version.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1, 2.0).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. Once you have done so, the
        brokers will be running the latest version and you can verify that the cluster's behavior and performance meets expectations.
        It is still possible to downgrade at this point if there are any problems. 
    </li>
    <li> Once the cluster's behavior and performance has been verified, bump the protocol version by editing
        <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 2.1.
    </li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. Once the brokers begin using the latest
        protocol version, it will no longer be possible to downgrade the cluster to an older version.
    </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 2.1 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala clients,
        which are no longer maintained, do not support the message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid conversion costs 
        (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
        the newer Java clients must be used.
    </li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li>Offset expiration semantics has slightly changed in this version. According to the new semantics, offsets of partitions in a group will
        not be removed while the group is subscribed to the corresponding topic and is still active (has active consumers). If group becomes
        empty all its offsets will be removed after default offset retention period (or the one set by broker) has passed (unless the group becomes
        active again). Offsets associated with standalone (simple) consumers, that do not use Kafka group management, will be removed after default
        offset retention period (or the one set by broker) has passed since their last commit.</li>
    <li>The default for console consumer's <code>enable.auto.commit</code> property when no <code>group.id</code> is provided is now set to <code>false</code>.
        This is to avoid polluting the consumer coordinator cache as the auto-generated group is not likely to be used by other consumers.</li>
    <li>The default value for the producer's <code>retries</code> config was changed to <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE</code>, as we introduced <code>delivery.timeout.ms</code>
        in <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-91+Provide+Intuitive+User+Timeouts+in+The+Producer">KIP-91</a>,
        which sets an upper bound on the total time between sending a record and receiving acknowledgement from the broker. By default,
        the delivery timeout is set to 2 minutes.</li>
    <li>By default, MirrorMaker now overrides <code>delivery.timeout.ms</code> to <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE</code> when
        configuring the producer. If you have overridden the value of <code>retries</code> in order to fail faster,
        you will instead need to override <code>delivery.timeout.ms</code>.</li>
    <li>The <code>ListGroup</code> API now expects, as a recommended alternative, <code>Describe Group</code> access to the groups a user should be able to list.
        Even though the old <code>Describe Cluster</code> access is still supported for backward compatibility, using it for this API is not advised.</li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=87298242">KIP-336</a> deprecates the ExtendedSerializer and ExtendedDeserializer interfaces and
        propagates the usage of Serializer and Deserializer. ExtendedSerializer and ExtendedDeserializer were introduced with
        <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-82+-+Add+Record+Headers">KIP-82</a> to provide record headers for serializers and deserializers
        in a Java 7 compatible fashion. Now we consolidated these interfaces as Java 7 support has been dropped since.</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_210_notable" href="#upgrade_210_notable">Notable changes in 2.1.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Jetty has been upgraded to 9.4.12, which excludes TLS_RSA_* ciphers by default because they do not support forward
        secrecy, see https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/issues/2807 for more information.</li>
    <li>Unclean leader election is automatically enabled by the controller when <code>unclean.leader.election.enable</code> config is dynamically updated by using per-topic config override.</li>
    <li>The <code>AdminClient</code> has added a method <code>AdminClient#metrics()</code>. Now any application using the <code>AdminClient</code> can gain more information
        and insight by viewing the metrics captured from the <code>AdminClient</code>. For more information
        see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-324%3A+Add+method+to+get+metrics%28%29+in+AdminClient">KIP-324</a>
    </li>
    <li>Kafka now supports Zstandard compression from <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-110%3A+Add+Codec+for+ZStandard+Compression">KIP-110</a>.
        You must upgrade the broker as well as clients to make use of it. Consumers prior to 2.1.0 will not be able to read from topics which use
        Zstandard compression, so you should not enable it for a topic until all downstream consumers are upgraded. See the KIP for more detail.
    </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_2_0_0" href="#upgrade_2_0_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, or 1.1.x to 2.0.0</a></h4>
<p>Kafka 2.0.0 introduces wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below,
    you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade. However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_200_notable">notable changes in 2.0.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, or 1.1.x and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol format.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 2.0.
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect.</li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 2.0 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala consumer
        does not support the new message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid the performance cost of down-conversion (or to
        take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>), the newer Java consumer must be used.</li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li>If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start them back up. They will start
        with the new protocol by default.</li>
    <li>Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers are upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
        Similarly for the message format version.</li>
    <li>If you are using Java8 method references in your Kafka Streams code you might need to update your code to resolve method ambiguities.
        Hot-swapping the jar-file only might not work.</li>
    <li>ACLs should not be added to prefixed resources,
        (added in <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-290%3A+Support+for+Prefixed+ACLs">KIP-290</a>),
        until all brokers in the cluster have been updated.
        <p><b>NOTE:</b> any prefixed ACLs added to a cluster, even after the cluster is fully upgraded, will be ignored should the cluster be downgraded again.
    </li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_200_notable" href="#upgrade_200_notable">Notable changes in 2.0.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/oYtjB">KIP-186</a> increases the default offset retention time from 1 day to 7 days. This makes it less likely to "lose" offsets in an application that commits infrequently. It also increases the active set of offsets and therefore can increase memory usage on the broker. Note that the console consumer currently enables offset commit by default and can be the source of a large number of offsets which this change will now preserve for 7 days instead of 1. You can preserve the existing behavior by setting the broker config <code>offsets.retention.minutes</code> to 1440.</li>
    <li>Support for Java 7 has been dropped, Java 8 is now the minimum version required.</li>
    <li> The default value for <code>ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm</code> was changed to <code>https</code>, which performs hostname verification (man-in-the-middle attacks are possible otherwise). Set <code>ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm</code> to an empty string to restore the previous behaviour. </li>
    <li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-5674">KAFKA-5674</a> extends the lower interval of <code>max.connections.per.ip</code> minimum to zero and therefore allows IP-based filtering of inbound connections.</li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-272%3A+Add+API+version+tag+to+broker%27s+RequestsPerSec+metric">KIP-272</a>
        added API version tag to the metric <code>kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=RequestsPerSec,request={Produce|FetchConsumer|FetchFollower|...}</code>.
        This metric now becomes <code>kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=RequestsPerSec,request={Produce|FetchConsumer|FetchFollower|...},version={0|1|2|3|...}</code>. This will impact
        JMX monitoring tools that do not automatically aggregate. To get the total count for a specific request type, the tool needs to be
        updated to aggregate across different versions.
    </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/uaBzB">KIP-225</a> changed the metric "records.lag" to use tags for topic and partition. The original version with the name format "{topic}-{partition}.records-lag" has been removed.</li>
    <li>The Scala consumers, which have been deprecated since 0.11.0.0, have been removed. The Java consumer has been the recommended option
        since 0.10.0.0. Note that the Scala consumers in 1.1.0 (and older) will continue to work even if the brokers are upgraded to 2.0.0.</li>
    <li>The Scala producers, which have been deprecated since 0.10.0.0, have been removed. The Java producer has been the recommended option
        since 0.9.0.0. Note that the behaviour of the default partitioner in the Java producer differs from the default partitioner
        in the Scala producers. Users migrating should consider configuring a custom partitioner that retains the previous behaviour.
        Note that the Scala producers in 1.1.0 (and older) will continue to work even if the brokers are upgraded to 2.0.0.</li>
    <li>MirrorMaker and ConsoleConsumer no longer support the Scala consumer, they always use the Java consumer.</li>
    <li>The ConsoleProducer no longer supports the Scala producer, it always uses the Java producer.</li>
    <li>A number of deprecated tools that rely on the Scala clients have been removed: ReplayLogProducer, SimpleConsumerPerformance, SimpleConsumerShell, ExportZkOffsets, ImportZkOffsets, UpdateOffsetsInZK, VerifyConsumerRebalance.</li>
    <li>The deprecated kafka.tools.ProducerPerformance has been removed, please use org.apache.kafka.tools.ProducerPerformance.</li>
    <li>New Kafka Streams configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from older version. </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/DVyHB">KIP-284</a> changed the retention time for Kafka Streams repartition topics by setting its default value to <code>Long.MAX_VALUE</code>.</li>
    <li>Updated <code>ProcessorStateManager</code> APIs in Kafka Streams for registering state stores to the processor topology. For more details please read the Streams <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_200">Upgrade Guide</a>.</li>
    <li>
        In earlier releases, Connect's worker configuration required the <code>internal.key.converter</code> and <code>internal.value.converter</code> properties.
        In 2.0, these are <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/AZQ7B">no longer required</a> and default to the JSON converter.
        You may safely remove these properties from your Connect standalone and distributed worker configurations:<br />
        <code>internal.key.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter</code>
        <code>internal.key.converter.schemas.enable=false</code>
        <code>internal.value.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter</code>
        <code>internal.value.converter.schemas.enable=false</code>
    </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/5kiHB">KIP-266</a> adds a new consumer configuration <code>default.api.timeout.ms</code>
        to specify the default timeout to use for <code>KafkaConsumer</code> APIs that could block. The KIP also adds overloads for such blocking
        APIs to support specifying a specific timeout to use for each of them instead of using the default timeout set by <code>default.api.timeout.ms</code>.
        In particular, a new <code>poll(Duration)</code> API has been added which does not block for dynamic partition assignment.
        The old <code>poll(long)</code> API has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Overloads have also been added
        for other <code>KafkaConsumer</code> methods like <code>partitionsFor</code>, <code>listTopics</code>, <code>offsetsForTimes</code>,
        <code>beginningOffsets</code>, <code>endOffsets</code> and <code>close</code> that take in a <code>Duration</code>.</li>
    <li>Also as part of KIP-266, the default value of <code>request.timeout.ms</code> has been changed to 30 seconds.
        The previous value was a little higher than 5 minutes to account for maximum time that a rebalance would take.
        Now we treat the JoinGroup request in the rebalance as a special case and use a value derived from
        <code>max.poll.interval.ms</code> for the request timeout. All other request types use the timeout defined
        by <code>request.timeout.ms</code></li>
    <li>The internal method <code>kafka.admin.AdminClient.deleteRecordsBefore</code> has been removed. Users are encouraged to migrate to <code>org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.AdminClient.deleteRecords</code>.</li>
    <li>The AclCommand tool <code>--producer</code> convenience option uses the <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-277+-+Fine+Grained+ACL+for+CreateTopics+API">KIP-277</a> finer grained ACL on the given topic. </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-176%3A+Remove+deprecated+new-consumer+option+for+tools">KIP-176</a> removes
        the <code>--new-consumer</code> option for all consumer based tools. This option is redundant since the new consumer is automatically
        used if --bootstrap-server is defined.
    </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-290%3A+Support+for+Prefixed+ACLs">KIP-290</a> adds the ability
        to define ACLs on prefixed resources, e.g. any topic starting with 'foo'.</li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-283%3A+Efficient+Memory+Usage+for+Down-Conversion">KIP-283</a> improves message down-conversion
        handling on Kafka broker, which has typically been a memory-intensive operation. The KIP adds a mechanism by which the operation becomes less memory intensive
        by down-converting chunks of partition data at a time which helps put an upper bound on memory consumption. With this improvement, there is a change in
        <code>FetchResponse</code> protocol behavior where the broker could send an oversized message batch towards the end of the response with an invalid offset.
        Such oversized messages must be ignored by consumer clients, as is done by <code>KafkaConsumer</code>.
    <p>KIP-283 also adds new topic and broker configurations <code>message.downconversion.enable</code> and <code>log.message.downconversion.enable</code> respectively
       to control whether down-conversion is enabled. When disabled, broker does not perform any down-conversion and instead sends an <code>UNSUPPORTED_VERSION</code>
       error to the client.</p></li>
    <li>Dynamic broker configuration options can be stored in ZooKeeper using kafka-configs.sh before brokers are started.
        This option can be used to avoid storing clear passwords in server.properties as all password configs may be stored encrypted in ZooKeeper.</li>
    <li>ZooKeeper hosts are now re-resolved if connection attempt fails. But if your ZooKeeper host names resolve
    to multiple addresses and some of them are not reachable, then you may need to increase the connection timeout
    <code>zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms</code>.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_200_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_200_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-279%3A+Fix+log+divergence+between+leader+and+follower+after+fast+leader+fail+over">KIP-279</a>: OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse v1 introduces a partition-level <code>leader_epoch</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-219+-+Improve+quota+communication">KIP-219</a>: Bump up the protocol versions of non-cluster action requests and responses that are throttled on quota violation.</li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-290%3A+Support+for+Prefixed+ACLs">KIP-290</a>: Bump up the protocol versions ACL create, describe and delete requests and responses.</li>
</ul>


<h5><a id="upgrade_200_streams_from_11" href="#upgrade_200_streams_from_11">Upgrading a 1.1 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 1.1 to 2.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 2.0 application can connect to 2.0, 1.1, 1.0, 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> Note that in 2.0 we have removed the public APIs that are deprecated prior to 1.0; users leveraging on those deprecated APIs need to make code changes accordingly.
         See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_200">Streams API changes in 2.0.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_1_1_0" href="#upgrade_1_1_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, or 1.0.x to 1.1.x</a></h4>
<p>Kafka 1.1.0 introduces wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below,
    you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade. However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_110_notable">notable changes in 1.1.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x or 1.0.x and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol format.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0 or 1.0).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 1.1.
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 1.1 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala consumer
        does not support the new message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid the performance cost of down-conversion (or to
        take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>), the newer Java consumer must be used.</li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li>If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start them back up. They will start
        with the new protocol by default.</li>
    <li>Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers are upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
        Similarly for the message format version.</li>
    <li>If you are using Java8 method references in your Kafka Streams code you might need to update your code to resolve method ambiguties.
        Hot-swapping the jar-file only might not work.</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_111_notable" href="#upgrade_111_notable">Notable changes in 1.1.1</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> New Kafka Streams configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from version 0.10.0.x </li>
    <li> See the <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide.html"><b>Kafka Streams upgrade guide</b></a> for details about this new config.
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_110_notable" href="#upgrade_110_notable">Notable changes in 1.1.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>The kafka artifact in Maven no longer depends on log4j or slf4j-log4j12. Similarly to the kafka-clients artifact, users
        can now choose the logging back-end by including the appropriate slf4j module (slf4j-log4j12, logback, etc.). The release
        tarball still includes log4j and slf4j-log4j12.</li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/uaBzB">KIP-225</a> changed the metric "records.lag" to use tags for topic and partition. The original version with the name format "{topic}-{partition}.records-lag" is deprecated and will be removed in 2.0.0.</li>
    <li>Kafka Streams is more robust against broker communication errors. Instead of stopping the Kafka Streams client with a fatal exception,
	Kafka Streams tries to self-heal and reconnect to the cluster. Using the new <code>AdminClient</code> you have better control of how often
	Kafka Streams retries and can <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/developer-guide/config-streams">configure</a>
	fine-grained timeouts (instead of hard coded retries as in older version).</li>
    <li>Kafka Streams rebalance time was reduced further making Kafka Streams more responsive.</li>
    <li>Kafka Connect now supports message headers in both sink and source connectors, and to manipulate them via simple message transforms. Connectors must be changed to explicitly use them. A new <code>HeaderConverter</code> is introduced to control how headers are (de)serialized, and the new "SimpleHeaderConverter" is used by default to use string representations of values.</li>
    <li>kafka.tools.DumpLogSegments now automatically sets deep-iteration option if print-data-log is enabled
        explicitly or implicitly due to any of the other options like decoder.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_110_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_110_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-226+-+Dynamic+Broker+Configuration">KIP-226</a> introduced DescribeConfigs Request/Response v1.</li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-227%3A+Introduce+Incremental+FetchRequests+to+Increase+Partition+Scalability">KIP-227</a> introduced Fetch Request/Response v7.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_110_streams_from_10" href="#upgrade_110_streams_from_10">Upgrading a 1.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 1.0 to 1.1 does not require a broker upgrade.
        A Kafka Streams 1.1 application can connect to 1.0, 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_110">Streams API changes in 1.1.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_1_0_0" href="#upgrade_1_0_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x or 0.11.0.x to 1.0.0</a></h4>
<p>Kafka 1.0.0 introduces wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below,
    you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade. However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_100_notable">notable changes in 1.0.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
		following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
	If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x and you have not overridden the message format, you must set
	both the message format version and the inter-broker protocol version to 0.11.0.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=0.11.0</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=0.11.0</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 1.0.
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 1.0 on each broker and restart them one by one. If you are upgrading from
        0.11.0 and log.message.format.version is set to 0.11.0, you can update the config and skip the rolling restart.
        Note that the older Scala consumer does not support the new message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid the
        performance cost of down-conversion (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
        the newer Java consumer must be used.</li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li>If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start them back up. They will start
        with the new protocol by default.</li>
    <li>Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers are upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
        Similarly for the message format version.</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_102_notable" href="#upgrade_102_notable">Notable changes in 1.0.2</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> New Kafka Streams configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from version 0.10.0.x </li>
    <li> See the <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide.html"><b>Kafka Streams upgrade guide</b></a> for details about this new config.
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_101_notable" href="#upgrade_101_notable">Notable changes in 1.0.1</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Restored binary compatibility of AdminClient's Options classes (e.g. CreateTopicsOptions, DeleteTopicsOptions, etc.) with
        0.11.0.x. Binary (but not source) compatibility had been broken inadvertently in 1.0.0.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_notable" href="#upgrade_100_notable">Notable changes in 1.0.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Topic deletion is now enabled by default, since the functionality is now stable. Users who wish to
        to retain the previous behavior should set the broker config <code>delete.topic.enable</code> to <code>false</code>. Keep in mind that topic deletion removes data and the operation is not reversible (i.e. there is no "undelete" operation)</li>
    <li>For topics that support timestamp search if no offset can be found for a partition, that partition is now included in the search result with a null offset value. Previously, the partition was not included in the map.
        This change was made to make the search behavior consistent with the case of topics not supporting timestamp search.
    <li>If the <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> is 1.0 or later, a broker will now stay online to serve replicas
        on live log directories even if there are offline log directories. A log directory may become offline due to IOException
        caused by hardware failure. Users need to monitor the per-broker metric <code>offlineLogDirectoryCount</code> to check
        whether there is offline log directory. </li>
    <li>Added KafkaStorageException which is a retriable exception. KafkaStorageException will be converted to NotLeaderForPartitionException in the response
        if the version of the client's FetchRequest or ProducerRequest does not support KafkaStorageException. </li>
    <li>-XX:+DisableExplicitGC was replaced by -XX:+ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent in the default JVM settings. This helps
        avoid out of memory exceptions during allocation of native memory by direct buffers in some cases.</li>
    <li>The overridden <code>handleError</code> method implementations have been removed from the following deprecated classes in
        the <code>kafka.api</code> package: <code>FetchRequest</code>, <code>GroupCoordinatorRequest</code>, <code>OffsetCommitRequest</code>,
        <code>OffsetFetchRequest</code>, <code>OffsetRequest</code>, <code>ProducerRequest</code>, and <code>TopicMetadataRequest</code>.
        This was only intended for use on the broker, but it is no longer in use and the implementations have not been maintained.
        A stub implementation has been retained for binary compatibility.</li>
    <li>The Java clients and tools now accept any string as a client-id.</li>
    <li>The deprecated tool <code>kafka-consumer-offset-checker.sh</code> has been removed. Use <code>kafka-consumer-groups.sh</code> to get consumer group details.</li>
    <li>SimpleAclAuthorizer now logs access denials to the authorizer log by default.</li>
    <li>Authentication failures are now reported to clients as one of the subclasses of <code>AuthenticationException</code>.
        No retries will be performed if a client connection fails authentication.</li>
    <li>Custom <code>SaslServer</code> implementations may throw <code>SaslAuthenticationException</code> to provide an error
        message to return to clients indicating the reason for authentication failure. Implementors should take care not to include
        any security-critical information in the exception message that should not be leaked to unauthenticated clients.</li>
    <li>The <code>app-info</code> mbean registered with JMX to provide version and commit id will be deprecated and replaced with
        metrics providing these attributes.</li>
    <li>Kafka metrics may now contain non-numeric values. <code>org.apache.kafka.common.Metric#value()</code> has been deprecated and
        will return <code>0.0</code> in such cases to minimise the probability of breaking users who read the value of every client
        metric (via a <code>MetricsReporter</code> implementation or by calling the <code>metrics()</code> method).
        <code>org.apache.kafka.common.Metric#metricValue()</code> can be used to retrieve numeric and non-numeric metric values.</li>
    <li>Every Kafka rate metric now has a corresponding cumulative count metric with the suffix <code>-total</code>
        to simplify downstream processing. For example, <code>records-consumed-rate</code> has a corresponding
        metric named <code>records-consumed-total</code>.</li>
    <li>Mx4j will only be enabled if the system property <code>kafka_mx4jenable</code> is set to <code>true</code>. Due to a logic
        inversion bug, it was previously enabled by default and disabled if <code>kafka_mx4jenable</code> was set to <code>true</code>.</li>
    <li>The package <code>org.apache.kafka.common.security.auth</code> in the clients jar has been made public and added to the javadocs.
        Internal classes which had previously been located in this package have been moved elsewhere.</li>
    <li>When using an Authorizer and a user doesn't have required permissions on a topic, the broker
        will return TOPIC_AUTHORIZATION_FAILED errors to requests irrespective of topic existence on broker.
        If the user have required permissions and the topic doesn't exists, then the UNKNOWN_TOPIC_OR_PARTITION
        error code will be returned. </li>
    <li>config/consumer.properties file updated to use new consumer config properties.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_100_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: LeaderAndIsrRequest v1 introduces a partition-level <code>is_new</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: UpdateMetadataRequest v4 introduces a partition-level <code>offline_replicas</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: MetadataResponse v5 introduces a partition-level <code>offline_replicas</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: ProduceResponse v4 introduces error code for KafkaStorageException. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: FetchResponse v6 introduces error code for KafkaStorageException. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-152+-+Improve+diagnostics+for+SASL+authentication+failures">KIP-152</a>:
         SaslAuthenticate request has been added to enable reporting of authentication failures. This request will
         be used if the SaslHandshake request version is greater than 0. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_streams_from_0110" href="#upgrade_100_streams_from_0110">Upgrading a 0.11.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.11.0 to 1.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 1.0 application can connect to 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though).
         However, Kafka Streams 1.0 requires 0.10 message format or newer and does not work with older message formats. </li>
    <li> If you are monitoring on streams metrics, you will need make some changes to the metrics names in your reporting and monitoring code, because the metrics sensor hierarchy was changed. </li>
    <li> There are a few public APIs including <code>ProcessorContext#schedule()</code>, <code>Processor#punctuate()</code> and <code>KStreamBuilder</code>, <code>TopologyBuilder</code> are being deprecated by new APIs.
         We recommend making corresponding code changes, which should be very minor since the new APIs look quite similar, when you upgrade.
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_100">Streams API changes in 1.0.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_streams_from_0102" href="#upgrade_100_streams_from_0102">Upgrading a 0.10.2 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.2 to 1.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 1.0 application can connect to 1.0, 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> If you are monitoring on streams metrics, you will need make some changes to the metrics names in your reporting and monitoring code, because the metrics sensor hierarchy was changed. </li>
    <li> There are a few public APIs including <code>ProcessorContext#schedule()</code>, <code>Processor#punctuate()</code> and <code>KStreamBuilder</code>, <code>TopologyBuilder</code> are being deprecated by new APIs.
         We recommend making corresponding code changes, which should be very minor since the new APIs look quite similar, when you upgrade.
    <li> If you specify customized <code>key.serde</code>, <code>value.serde</code> and <code>timestamp.extractor</code> in configs, it is recommended to use their replaced configure parameter as these configs are deprecated. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_streams_from_0101" href="#upgrade_1100_streams_from_0101">Upgrading a 0.10.1 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.1 to 1.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 1.0 application can connect to 1.0, 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> You need to recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> If you are monitoring on streams metrics, you will need make some changes to the metrics names in your reporting and monitoring code, because the metrics sensor hierarchy was changed. </li>
    <li> There are a few public APIs including <code>ProcessorContext#schedule()</code>, <code>Processor#punctuate()</code> and <code>KStreamBuilder</code>, <code>TopologyBuilder</code> are being deprecated by new APIs.
         We recommend making corresponding code changes, which should be very minor since the new APIs look quite similar, when you upgrade.
    <li> If you specify customized <code>key.serde</code>, <code>value.serde</code> and <code>timestamp.extractor</code> in configs, it is recommended to use their replaced configure parameter as these configs are deprecated. </li>
    <li> If you use a custom (i.e., user implemented) timestamp extractor, you will need to update this code, because the <code>TimestampExtractor</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> If you register custom metrics, you will need to update this code, because the <code>StreamsMetric</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_100">Streams API changes in 1.0.0</a>,
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a> and
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_streams_from_0100" href="#upgrade_100_streams_from_0100">Upgrading a 0.10.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.0 to 1.0 does require a <a href="#upgrade_10_1">broker upgrade</a> because a Kafka Streams 1.0 application can only connect to 0.1, 0.11.0, 0.10.2, or 0.10.1 brokers. </li>
    <li> There are couple of API changes, that are not backward compatible (cf. <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_100">Streams API changes in 1.0.0</a>,
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a>,
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a>, and
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0101">Streams API changes in 0.10.1</a> for more details).
         Thus, you need to update and recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 1.0.2 requires two rolling bounces with config <code>upgrade.from="0.10.0"</code> set for first upgrade phase
        (cf. <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-268%3A+Simplify+Kafka+Streams+Rebalance+Metadata+Upgrade">KIP-268</a>).
        As an alternative, an offline upgrade is also possible.
        <ul>
            <li> prepare your application instances for a rolling bounce and make sure that config <code>upgrade.from</code> is set to <code>"0.10.0"</code> for new version 0.11.0.3 </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once </li>
            <li> prepare your newly deployed 1.0.2 application instances for a second round of rolling bounces; make sure to remove the value for config <code>upgrade.from</code> </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once more to complete the upgrade </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 1.0.0 or 1.0.1 requires an offline upgrade (rolling bounce upgrade is not supported)

        <ul>
            <li> stop all old (0.10.0.x) application instances </li>
            <li> update your code and swap old code and jar file with new code and new jar file </li>
            <li> restart all new (1.0.0 or 1.0.1) application instances </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_11_0_0" href="#upgrade_11_0_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x or 0.10.2.x to 0.11.0.0</a></h4>
<p>Kafka 0.11.0.0 introduces a new message format version as well as wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below,
  you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade. However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_1100_notable">notable changes in 0.11.0.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p>Starting with version 0.10.2, Java clients (producer and consumer) have acquired the ability to communicate with older brokers. Version 0.11.0
    clients can talk to version 0.10.0 or newer brokers. However, if your brokers are older than 0.10.0, you must upgrade all the brokers in the
    Kafka cluster before upgrading your clients. Version 0.11.0 brokers support 0.8.x and newer clients.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
      are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the current message format version currently in use. If you have
      not overridden the message format previously, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1 or 0.10.2).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
        following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 0.11.0, but
      do not change <code>log.message.format.version</code> yet. </li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later, then change log.message.format.version to 0.11.0 on each
      broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala consumer does not support the new message format, so to avoid
      the performance cost of down-conversion (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
      the new Java consumer must be used.</li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
  <li>If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start them back up. They will start
    with the new protocol by default.</li>
  <li>Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers are upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
    Similarly for the message format version.</li>
  <li>It is also possible to enable the 0.11.0 message format on individual topics using the topic admin tool (<code>bin/kafka-topics.sh</code>)
    prior to updating the global setting <code>log.message.format.version</code>.</li>
  <li>If you are upgrading from a version prior to 0.10.0, it is NOT necessary to first update the message format to 0.10.0
    before you switch to 0.11.0.</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_streams_from_0102" href="#upgrade_1100_streams_from_0102">Upgrading a 0.10.2 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.2 to 0.11.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 0.11.0 application can connect to 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> If you specify customized <code>key.serde</code>, <code>value.serde</code> and <code>timestamp.extractor</code> in configs, it is recommended to use their replaced configure parameter as these configs are deprecated. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_streams_from_0101" href="#upgrade_1100_streams_from_0101">Upgrading a 0.10.1 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.1 to 0.11.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 0.11.0 application can connect to 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> You need to recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> If you specify customized <code>key.serde</code>, <code>value.serde</code> and <code>timestamp.extractor</code> in configs, it is recommended to use their replaced configure parameter as these configs are deprecated. </li>
    <li> If you use a custom (i.e., user implemented) timestamp extractor, you will need to update this code, because the <code>TimestampExtractor</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> If you register custom metrics, you will need to update this code, because the <code>StreamsMetric</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a> and
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_streams_from_0100" href="#upgrade_1100_streams_from_0100">Upgrading a 0.10.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.0 to 0.11.0 does require a <a href="#upgrade_10_1">broker upgrade</a> because a Kafka Streams 0.11.0 application can only connect to 0.11.0, 0.10.2, or 0.10.1 brokers. </li>
    <li> There are couple of API changes, that are not backward compatible (cf. <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a>,
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a>, and
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0101">Streams API changes in 0.10.1</a> for more details).
         Thus, you need to update and recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 0.11.0.3 requires two rolling bounces with config <code>upgrade.from="0.10.0"</code> set for first upgrade phase
        (cf. <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-268%3A+Simplify+Kafka+Streams+Rebalance+Metadata+Upgrade">KIP-268</a>).
        As an alternative, an offline upgrade is also possible.
        <ul>
            <li> prepare your application instances for a rolling bounce and make sure that config <code>upgrade.from</code> is set to <code>"0.10.0"</code> for new version 0.11.0.3 </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once </li>
            <li> prepare your newly deployed 0.11.0.3 application instances for a second round of rolling bounces; make sure to remove the value for config <code>upgrade.from</code> </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once more to complete the upgrade </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 0.11.0.0, 0.11.0.1, or 0.11.0.2 requires an offline upgrade (rolling bounce upgrade is not supported)
        <ul>
            <li> stop all old (0.10.0.x) application instances </li>
            <li> update your code and swap old code and jar file with new code and new jar file </li>
            <li> restart all new (0.11.0.0 , 0.11.0.1, or 0.11.0.2) application instances </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1103_notable" href="#upgrade_1103_notable">Notable changes in 0.11.0.3</a></h5>
<ul>
<li> New Kafka Streams configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from version 0.10.0.x </li>
<li> See the <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide.html"><b>Kafka Streams upgrade guide</b></a> for details about this new config.
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_notable" href="#upgrade_1100_notable">Notable changes in 0.11.0.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Unclean leader election is now disabled by default. The new default favors durability over availability. Users who wish to
        to retain the previous behavior should set the broker config <code>unclean.leader.election.enable</code> to <code>true</code>.</li>
    <li>Producer configs <code>block.on.buffer.full</code>, <code>metadata.fetch.timeout.ms</code> and <code>timeout.ms</code> have been
        removed. They were initially deprecated in Kafka 0.9.0.0.</li>
    <li>The <code>offsets.topic.replication.factor</code> broker config is now enforced upon auto topic creation. Internal
        auto topic creation will fail with a GROUP_COORDINATOR_NOT_AVAILABLE error until the cluster size meets this
        replication factor requirement.</li>
    <li> When compressing data with snappy, the producer and broker will use the compression scheme's default block size (2 x 32 KB)
         instead of 1 KB in order to improve the compression ratio. There have been reports of data compressed with the smaller
         block size being 50% larger than when compressed with the larger block size. For the snappy case, a producer with 5000
         partitions will require an additional 315 MB of JVM heap.</li>
    <li> Similarly, when compressing data with gzip, the producer and broker will use 8 KB instead of 1 KB as the buffer size. The default
         for gzip is excessively low (512 bytes). </li>
    <li>The broker configuration <code>max.message.bytes</code> now applies to the total size of a batch of messages.
        Previously the setting applied to batches of compressed messages, or to non-compressed messages individually.
        A message batch may consist of only a single message, so in most cases, the limitation on the size of
        individual messages is only reduced by the overhead of the batch format. However, there are some subtle implications
        for message format conversion (see <a href="#upgrade_11_message_format">below</a> for more detail). Note also
        that while previously the broker would ensure that at least one message is returned in each fetch request (regardless of the
        total and partition-level fetch sizes), the same behavior now applies to one message batch.</li>
    <li>GC log rotation is enabled by default, see KAFKA-3754 for details.</li>
    <li>Deprecated constructors of RecordMetadata, MetricName and Cluster classes have been removed.</li>
    <li>Added user headers support through a new Headers interface providing user headers read and write access.</li>
    <li>ProducerRecord and ConsumerRecord expose the new Headers API via <code>Headers headers()</code> method call.</li>
    <li>ExtendedSerializer and ExtendedDeserializer interfaces are introduced to support serialization and deserialization for headers. Headers will be ignored if the configured serializer and deserializer are not the above classes.</li>
    <li>A new config, <code>group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms</code>, was introduced.
        This config specifies the time, in milliseconds, that the <code>GroupCoordinator</code> will delay the initial consumer rebalance.
        The rebalance will be further delayed by the value of <code>group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms</code> as new members join the group, up to a maximum of <code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>.
        The default value for this is 3 seconds.
        During development and testing it might be desirable to set this to 0 in order to not delay test execution time.
    </li>
    <li><code>org.apache.kafka.common.Cluster#partitionsForTopic</code>, <code>partitionsForNode</code> and <code>availablePartitionsForTopic</code> methods
        will return an empty list instead of <code>null</code> (which is considered a bad practice) in case the metadata for the required topic does not exist.
    </li>
    <li>Streams API configuration parameters <code>timestamp.extractor</code>, <code>key.serde</code>, and <code>value.serde</code> were deprecated and
        replaced by <code>default.timestamp.extractor</code>, <code>default.key.serde</code>, and <code>default.value.serde</code>, respectively.
    </li>
    <li>For offset commit failures in the Java consumer's <code>commitAsync</code> APIs, we no longer expose the underlying
        cause when instances of <code>RetriableCommitFailedException</code> are passed to the commit callback. See
        <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-5052">KAFKA-5052</a>  for more detail.
    </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_1100_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-107%3A+Add+purgeDataBefore()+API+in+AdminClient">KIP-107</a>: FetchRequest v5 introduces a partition-level <code>log_start_offset</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-107%3A+Add+purgeDataBefore()+API+in+AdminClient">KIP-107</a>: FetchResponse v5 introduces a partition-level <code>log_start_offset</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-82+-+Add+Record+Headers">KIP-82</a>: ProduceRequest v3 introduces an array of <code>header</code> in the message protocol, containing <code>key</code> field and <code>value</code> field.</li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-82+-+Add+Record+Headers">KIP-82</a>: FetchResponse v5 introduces an array of <code>header</code> in the message protocol, containing <code>key</code> field and <code>value</code> field.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics" href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">Notes on Exactly Once Semantics</a></h5>
<p>Kafka 0.11.0 includes support for idempotent and transactional capabilities in the producer. Idempotent delivery
  ensures that messages are delivered exactly once to a particular topic partition during the lifetime of a single producer.
  Transactional delivery allows producers to send data to multiple partitions such that either all messages are successfully
  delivered, or none of them are. Together, these capabilities enable "exactly once semantics" in Kafka. More details on these
  features are available in the user guide, but below we add a few specific notes on enabling them in an upgraded cluster.
  Note that enabling EoS is not required and there is no impact on the broker's behavior if unused.</p>

<ol>
  <li>Only the new Java producer and consumer support exactly once semantics.</li>
  <li>These features depend crucially on the <a href="#upgrade_11_message_format">0.11.0 message format</a>. Attempting to use them
    on an older format will result in unsupported version errors.</li>
  <li>Transaction state is stored in a new internal topic <code>__transaction_state</code>. This topic is not created until the
    the first attempt to use a transactional request API. Similar to the consumer offsets topic, there are several settings
    to control the topic's configuration. For example, <code>transaction.state.log.min.isr</code> controls the minimum ISR for
    this topic. See the configuration section in the user guide for a full list of options.</li>
  <li>For secure clusters, the transactional APIs require new ACLs which can be turned on with the <code>bin/kafka-acls.sh</code>.
    tool.</li>
  <li>EoS in Kafka introduces new request APIs and modifies several existing ones. See
    <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-98+-+Exactly+Once+Delivery+and+Transactional+Messaging#KIP-98-ExactlyOnceDeliveryandTransactionalMessaging-RPCProtocolSummary">KIP-98</a>
    for the full details</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_11_message_format" href="#upgrade_11_message_format">Notes on the new message format in 0.11.0</a></h5>
<p>The 0.11.0 message format includes several major enhancements in order to support better delivery semantics for the producer
  (see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-98+-+Exactly+Once+Delivery+and+Transactional+Messaging">KIP-98</a>)
  and improved replication fault tolerance
  (see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-101+-+Alter+Replication+Protocol+to+use+Leader+Epoch+rather+than+High+Watermark+for+Truncation">KIP-101</a>).
  Although the new format contains more information to make these improvements possible, we have made the batch format much
  more efficient. As long as the number of messages per batch is more than 2, you can expect lower overall overhead. For smaller
  batches, however, there may be a small performance impact. See <a href="bit.ly/kafka-eos-perf">here</a> for the results of our
  initial performance analysis of the new message format. You can also find more detail on the message format in the
  <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-98+-+Exactly+Once+Delivery+and+Transactional+Messaging#KIP-98-ExactlyOnceDeliveryandTransactionalMessaging-MessageFormat">KIP-98</a> proposal.
</p>
<p>One of the notable differences in the new message format is that even uncompressed messages are stored together as a single batch.
  This has a few implications for the broker configuration <code>max.message.bytes</code>, which limits the size of a single batch. First,
  if an older client produces messages to a topic partition using the old format, and the messages are individually smaller than
  <code>max.message.bytes</code>, the broker may still reject them after they are merged into a single batch during the up-conversion process.
  Generally this can happen when the aggregate size of the individual messages is larger than <code>max.message.bytes</code>. There is a similar
  effect for older consumers reading messages down-converted from the new format: if the fetch size is not set at least as large as
  <code>max.message.bytes</code>, the consumer may not be able to make progress even if the individual uncompressed messages are smaller
  than the configured fetch size. This behavior does not impact the Java client for 0.10.1.0 and later since it uses an updated fetch protocol
  which ensures that at least one message can be returned even if it exceeds the fetch size. To get around these problems, you should ensure
  1) that the producer's batch size is not set larger than <code>max.message.bytes</code>, and 2) that the consumer's fetch size is set at
  least as large as <code>max.message.bytes</code>.
</p>
<p>Most of the discussion on the performance impact of <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">upgrading to the 0.10.0 message format</a>
  remains pertinent to the 0.11.0 upgrade. This mainly affects clusters that are not secured with TLS since "zero-copy" transfer
  is already not possible in that case. In order to avoid the cost of down-conversion, you should ensure that consumer applications
  are upgraded to the latest 0.11.0 client. Significantly, since the old consumer has been deprecated in 0.11.0.0, it does not support
  the new message format. You must upgrade to use the new consumer to use the new message format without the cost of down-conversion.
  Note that 0.11.0 consumers support backwards compatibility with 0.10.0 brokers and upward, so it is possible to upgrade the
  clients first before the brokers.
</p>

<h4><a id="upgrade_10_2_0" href="#upgrade_10_2_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x or 0.10.1.x to 0.10.2.0</a></h4>
<p>0.10.2.0 has wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below, you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade.
However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_1020_notable">notable changes in 0.10.2.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p>Starting with version 0.10.2, Java clients (producer and consumer) have acquired the ability to communicate with older brokers. Version 0.10.2
clients can talk to version 0.10.0 or newer brokers. However, if your brokers are older than 0.10.0, you must upgrade all the brokers in the
Kafka cluster before upgrading your clients. Version 0.10.2 brokers support 0.8.x and newer clients.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties file on all brokers and add the following properties:
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0 or 0.10.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing inter.broker.protocol.version and setting it to 0.10.2. </li>
    <li> If your previous message format is 0.10.0, change log.message.format.version to 0.10.2 (this is a no-op as the message format is the same for 0.10.0, 0.10.1 and 0.10.2).
        If your previous message format version is lower than 0.10.0, do not change log.message.format.version yet - this parameter should only change once all consumers have been upgraded to 0.10.0.0 or later.</li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> If log.message.format.version is still lower than 0.10.0 at this point, wait until all consumers have been upgraded to 0.10.0 or later,
        then change log.message.format.version to 0.10.2 on each broker and restart them one by one. </li>
</ol>

<p><b>Note:</b> If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start all of them. They will start with the new protocol by default.

<p><b>Note:</b> Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers were upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.

<h5><a id="upgrade_1020_streams_from_0101" href="#upgrade_1020_streams_from_0101">Upgrading a 0.10.1 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.1 to 0.10.2 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 0.10.2 application can connect to 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> You need to recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> If you use a custom (i.e., user implemented) timestamp extractor, you will need to update this code, because the <code>TimestampExtractor</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> If you register custom metrics, you will need to update this code, because the <code>StreamsMetric</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1020_streams_from_0100" href="#upgrade_1020_streams_from_0100">Upgrading a 0.10.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.0 to 0.10.2 does require a <a href="#upgrade_10_1">broker upgrade</a> because a Kafka Streams 0.10.2 application can only connect to 0.10.2 or 0.10.1 brokers. </li>
    <li> There are couple of API changes, that are not backward compatible (cf. <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a> for more details).
         Thus, you need to update and recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 0.10.2.2 requires two rolling bounces with config <code>upgrade.from="0.10.0"</code> set for first upgrade phase
         (cf. <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-268%3A+Simplify+Kafka+Streams+Rebalance+Metadata+Upgrade">KIP-268</a>).
         As an alternative, an offline upgrade is also possible.
        <ul>
            <li> prepare your application instances for a rolling bounce and make sure that config <code>upgrade.from</code> is set to <code>"0.10.0"</code> for new version 0.10.2.2 </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once </li>
            <li> prepare your newly deployed 0.10.2.2 application instances for a second round of rolling bounces; make sure to remove the value for config <code>upgrade.from</code> </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once more to complete the upgrade </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 0.10.2.0 or 0.10.2.1 requires an offline upgrade (rolling bounce upgrade is not supported)
        <ul>
            <li> stop all old (0.10.0.x) application instances </li>
            <li> update your code and swap old code and jar file with new code and new jar file </li>
            <li> restart all new (0.10.2.0 or 0.10.2.1) application instances </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_10202_notable" href="#upgrade_10202_notable">Notable changes in 0.10.2.2</a></h5>
<ul>
<li> New configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from version 0.10.0.x </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_10201_notable" href="#upgrade_10201_notable">Notable changes in 0.10.2.1</a></h5>
<ul>
  <li> The default values for two configurations of the StreamsConfig class were changed to improve the resiliency of Kafka Streams applications. The internal Kafka Streams producer <code>retries</code> default value was changed from 0 to 10. The internal Kafka Streams consumer <code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>  default value was changed from 300000 to <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE</code>.
  </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1020_notable" href="#upgrade_1020_notable">Notable changes in 0.10.2.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>The Java clients (producer and consumer) have acquired the ability to communicate with older brokers. Version 0.10.2 clients
        can talk to version 0.10.0 or newer brokers. Note that some features are not available or are limited when older brokers
        are used. </li>
    <li>Several methods on the Java consumer may now throw <code>InterruptException</code> if the calling thread is interrupted.
        Please refer to the <code>KafkaConsumer</code> Javadoc for a more in-depth explanation of this change.</li>
    <li>Java consumer now shuts down gracefully. By default, the consumer waits up to 30 seconds to complete pending requests.
        A new close API with timeout has been added to <code>KafkaConsumer</code> to control the maximum wait time.</li>
    <li>Multiple regular expressions separated by commas can be passed to MirrorMaker with the new Java consumer via the --whitelist option. This
        makes the behaviour consistent with MirrorMaker when used the old Scala consumer.</li>
    <li>Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.1 to 0.10.2 does not require a broker upgrade.
        A Kafka Streams 0.10.2 application can connect to 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though).</li>
    <li>The Zookeeper dependency was removed from the Streams API. The Streams API now uses the Kafka protocol to manage internal topics instead of
        modifying Zookeeper directly. This eliminates the need for privileges to access Zookeeper directly and "StreamsConfig.ZOOKEEPER_CONFIG"
        should not be set in the Streams app any more. If the Kafka cluster is secured, Streams apps must have the required security privileges to create new topics.</li>
    <li>Several new fields including "security.protocol", "connections.max.idle.ms", "retry.backoff.ms", "reconnect.backoff.ms" and "request.timeout.ms" were added to
        StreamsConfig class. User should pay attention to the default values and set these if needed. For more details please refer to <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/#streamsconfigs">3.5 Kafka Streams Configs</a>.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1020_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_1020_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-88%3A+OffsetFetch+Protocol+Update">KIP-88</a>: OffsetFetchRequest v2 supports retrieval of offsets for all topics if the <code>topics</code> array is set to <code>null</code>. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-88%3A+OffsetFetch+Protocol+Update">KIP-88</a>: OffsetFetchResponse v2 introduces a top-level <code>error_code</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-103%3A+Separation+of+Internal+and+External+traffic">KIP-103</a>: UpdateMetadataRequest v3 introduces a <code>listener_name</code> field to the elements of the <code>end_points</code> array. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-108%3A+Create+Topic+Policy">KIP-108</a>: CreateTopicsRequest v1 introduces a <code>validate_only</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-108%3A+Create+Topic+Policy">KIP-108</a>: CreateTopicsResponse v1 introduces an <code>error_message</code> field to the elements of the <code>topic_errors</code> array. </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_10_1" href="#upgrade_10_1">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x or 0.10.0.X to 0.10.1.0</a></h4>
0.10.1.0 has wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below, you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade.
However, please notice the <a href="#upgrade_10_1_breaking">Potential breaking changes in 0.10.1.0</a> before upgrade.
<br>
Note: Because new protocols are introduced, it is important to upgrade your Kafka clusters before upgrading your clients (i.e. 0.10.1.x clients
only support 0.10.1.x or later brokers while 0.10.1.x brokers also support older clients).

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties file on all brokers and add the following properties:
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2.0, 0.9.0.0 or 0.10.0.0).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing inter.broker.protocol.version and setting it to 0.10.1.0. </li>
    <li> If your previous message format is 0.10.0, change log.message.format.version to 0.10.1 (this is a no-op as the message format is the same for both 0.10.0 and 0.10.1).
         If your previous message format version is lower than 0.10.0, do not change log.message.format.version yet - this parameter should only change once all consumers have been upgraded to 0.10.0.0 or later.</li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> If log.message.format.version is still lower than 0.10.0 at this point, wait until all consumers have been upgraded to 0.10.0 or later,
         then change log.message.format.version to 0.10.1 on each broker and restart them one by one. </li>
</ol>

<p><b>Note:</b> If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start all of them. They will start with the new protocol by default.

<p><b>Note:</b> Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers were upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
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        the validation due to various causes (mismatch magic bytes, crc checksum errors, null key for log compacted topics, etc), the whole batch would be rejected
        with the same and misleading <code>CORRUPT_MESSAGE</code>, and the caller of the producer client would see the corresponding exception from either
        the future object of <code>RecordMetadata</code> returned from the <code>send</code> call as well as in the <code>Callback#onCompletion(RecordMetadata metadata, Exception exception)</code>
        Now with the new error code and improved error messages of the exception, producer callers would be better informed about the root cause why their sent records were failed.
    </li>
    <li>We are introducing incremental cooperative rebalancing to the clients' group protocol, which allows consumers to keep all of their assigned partitions during a rebalance
        and at the end revoke only those which must be migrated to another consumer for overall cluster balance. The <code>ConsumerCoordinator</code> will choose the latest <code>RebalanceProtocol</code>
        that is commonly supported by all of the consumer's supported assignors. You can use the new built-in <code>CooperativeStickyAssignor</code> or plug in your own custom cooperative assignor. To do
        so you must implement the <code>ConsumerPartitionAssignor</code> interface and include <code>RebalanceProtocol.COOPERATIVE</code> in the list returned by <code>ConsumerPartitionAssignor#supportedProtocols</code>.
        Your custom assignor can then leverage the <code>ownedPartitions</code> field in each consumer's <code>Subscription</code> to give partitions back to their previous owners whenever possible. Note that when
        a partition is to be reassigned to another consumer, it <em>must</em> be removed from the new assignment until it has been revoked from its original owner. Any consumer that has to revoke a partition will trigger
        a followup rebalance to allow the revoked partition to safely be assigned to its new owner. See the
        <a href="https://kafka.apache.org/24/javadoc/index.html?org/apache/kafka/clients/consumer/ConsumerPartitionAssignor.RebalanceProtocol.html">ConsumerPartitionAssignor RebalanceProtocol javadocs</a> for more information.
        <br>
        To upgrade from the old (eager) protocol, which always revokes all partitions before rebalancing, to cooperative rebalancing, you must follow a specific upgrade path to get all clients on the same <code>ConsumerPartitionAssignor</code>
        that supports the cooperative protocol. This can be done with two rolling bounces, using the <code>CooperativeStickyAssignor</code> for the example: during the first one, add "cooperative-sticky" to the list of supported assignors
        for each member (without removing the previous assignor -- note that if previously using the default, you must include that explicitly as well). You then bounce and/or upgrade it.
        Once the entire group is on 2.4+ and all members have the "cooperative-sticky" among their supported assignors, remove the other assignor(s) and perform a second rolling bounce so that by the end all members support only the
        cooperative protocol. For further details on the cooperative rebalancing protocol and upgrade path, see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/vAclBg">KIP-429</a>.
    </li>
    <li>There are some behavioral changes to the <code>ConsumerRebalanceListener</code>, as well as a new API. Exceptions thrown during any of the listener's three callbacks will no longer be swallowed, and will instead be re-thrown
        all the way up to the <code>Consumer.poll()</code> call. The <code>onPartitionsLost</code> method has been added to allow users to react to abnormal circumstances where a consumer may have lost ownership of its partitions
        (such as a missed rebalance) and cannot commit offsets. By default, this will simply call the existing <code>onPartitionsRevoked</code> API to align with previous behavior. Note however that <code>onPartitionsLost</code> will not
        be called when the set of lost partitions is empty. This means that no callback will be invoked at the beginning of the first rebalance of a new consumer joining the group.
        <br>
        The semantics of the <code>ConsumerRebalanceListener's</code> callbacks are further changed when following the cooperative rebalancing protocol described above. In addition to <code>onPartitionsLost</code>, <code>onPartitionsRevoked</code>
        will also never be called when the set of revoked partitions is empty. The callback will generally be invoked only at the end of a rebalance, and only on the set of partitions that are being moved to another consumer. The
        <code>onPartitionsAssigned</code> callback will however always be called, even with an empty set of partitions, as a way to notify users of a rebalance event (this is true for both cooperative and eager). For details on
        the new callback semantics, see the <a href="https://kafka.apache.org/24/javadoc/index.html?org/apache/kafka/clients/consumer/ConsumerRebalanceListener.html">ConsumerRebalanceListener javadocs</a>.
    </li>
    <li>The Scala trait <code>kafka.security.auth.Authorizer</code> has been deprecated and replaced with a new Java API
        <code>org.apache.kafka.server.authorizer.Authorizer</code>. The authorizer implementation class
        <code>kafka.security.auth.SimpleAclAuthorizer</code> has also been deprecated and replaced with a new
        implementation <code>kafka.security.authorizer.AclAuthorizer</code>. <code>AclAuthorizer</code> uses features
        supported by the new API to improve authorization logging and is compatible with <code>SimpleAclAuthorizer</code>.
        For more details, see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-504+-+Add+new+Java+Authorizer+Interface">KIP-504</a>.
    </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_2_3_0" href="#upgrade_2_3_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, 2.0.x or 2.1.x or 2.2.x to 2.3.0</a></h4>

<p><b>If you are upgrading from a version prior to 2.1.x, please see the note below about the change to the schema used to store consumer offsets.
    Once you have changed the inter.broker.protocol.version to the latest version, it will not be possible to downgrade to a version prior to 2.1.</b></p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, 2.0.x, or 2.1.x, and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol version.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. Once you have done so, the
        brokers will be running the latest version and you can verify that the cluster's behavior and performance meets expectations.
        It is still possible to downgrade at this point if there are any problems.
    </li>
    <li> Once the cluster's behavior and performance has been verified, bump the protocol version by editing
        <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 2.3.
    </li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. Once the brokers begin using the latest
        protocol version, it will no longer be possible to downgrade the cluster to an older version.
    </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 2.3 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala clients,
        which are no longer maintained, do not support the message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid conversion costs
        (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
        the newer Java clients must be used.
    </li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_230_notable" href="#upgrade_230_notable">Notable changes in 2.3.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> We are introducing a new rebalancing protocol for Kafka Connect based on
        <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-415%3A+Incremental+Cooperative+Rebalancing+in+Kafka+Connect">incremental cooperative rebalancing</a>.
        The new protocol does not require stopping all the tasks during a rebalancing phase between Connect workers. Instead, only the tasks that need to be exchanged
        between workers are stopped and they are started in a follow up rebalance. The new Connect protocol is enabled by default beginning with 2.3.0.
        For more details on how it works and how to enable the old behavior of eager rebalancing, checkout
        <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/#connect_administration">incremental cooperative rebalancing design</a>.
    </li>
    <li> We are introducing static membership towards consumer user. This feature reduces unnecessary rebalances during normal application upgrades or rolling bounces.
        For more details on how to use it, checkout <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/#static_membership">static membership design</a>.
    </li>
    <li> Kafka Streams DSL switches its used store types. While this change is mainly transparent to users, there are some corner cases that may require code changes.
        See the <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_230">Kafka Streams upgrade section</a> for more details.
    </li>
    <li>Kafka Streams 2.3.0 requires 0.11 message format or higher and does not work with older message format.</li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_2_2_0" href="#upgrade_2_2_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, 2.0.x or 2.1.x to 2.2.0</a></h4>

<p><b>If you are upgrading from a version prior to 2.1.x, please see the note below about the change to the schema used to store consumer offsets.
    Once you have changed the inter.broker.protocol.version to the latest version, it will not be possible to downgrade to a version prior to 2.1.</b></p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, or 2.0.x and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol version.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1, 2.0).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. Once you have done so, the
        brokers will be running the latest version and you can verify that the cluster's behavior and performance meets expectations.
        It is still possible to downgrade at this point if there are any problems.
    </li>
    <li> Once the cluster's behavior and performance has been verified, bump the protocol version by editing
        <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 2.2.
    </li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. Once the brokers begin using the latest
        protocol version, it will no longer be possible to downgrade the cluster to an older version.
    </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 2.2 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala clients,
        which are no longer maintained, do not support the message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid conversion costs
        (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
        the newer Java clients must be used.
    </li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_221_notable" href="#upgrade_221_notable">Notable changes in 2.2.1</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Kafka Streams 2.2.1 requires 0.11 message format or higher and does not work with older message format.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_220_notable" href="#upgrade_220_notable">Notable changes in 2.2.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>The default consumer group id has been changed from the empty string (<code>""</code>) to <code>null</code>. Consumers who use the new default group id will not be able to subscribe to topics,
        and fetch or commit offsets. The empty string as consumer group id is deprecated but will be supported until a future major release. Old clients that rely on the empty string group id will now
        have to explicitly provide it as part of their consumer config. For more information see
        <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-289%3A+Improve+the+default+group+id+behavior+in+KafkaConsumer">KIP-289</a>.</li>
    <li>The <code>bin/kafka-topics.sh</code> command line tool is now able to connect directly to brokers with <code>--bootstrap-server</code> instead of zookeeper. The old <code>--zookeeper</code>
        option is still available for now. Please read <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-377%3A+TopicCommand+to+use+AdminClient">KIP-377</a> for more information.</li>
    <li>Kafka Streams depends on a newer version of RocksDBs that requires MacOS 10.13 or higher.</li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_2_1_0" href="#upgrade_2_1_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, or 2.0.0 to 2.1.0</a></h4>

<p><b>Note that 2.1.x contains a change to the internal schema used to store consumer offsets. Once the upgrade is
  complete, it will not be possible to downgrade to previous versions. See the rolling upgrade notes below for more detail.</b></p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, 1.1.x, or 2.0.x and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol version.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1, 2.0).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. Once you have done so, the
        brokers will be running the latest version and you can verify that the cluster's behavior and performance meets expectations.
        It is still possible to downgrade at this point if there are any problems. 
    </li>
    <li> Once the cluster's behavior and performance has been verified, bump the protocol version by editing
        <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 2.1.
    </li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. Once the brokers begin using the latest
        protocol version, it will no longer be possible to downgrade the cluster to an older version.
    </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 2.1 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala clients,
        which are no longer maintained, do not support the message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid conversion costs 
        (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
        the newer Java clients must be used.
    </li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li>Offset expiration semantics has slightly changed in this version. According to the new semantics, offsets of partitions in a group will
        not be removed while the group is subscribed to the corresponding topic and is still active (has active consumers). If group becomes
        empty all its offsets will be removed after default offset retention period (or the one set by broker) has passed (unless the group becomes
        active again). Offsets associated with standalone (simple) consumers, that do not use Kafka group management, will be removed after default
        offset retention period (or the one set by broker) has passed since their last commit.</li>
    <li>The default for console consumer's <code>enable.auto.commit</code> property when no <code>group.id</code> is provided is now set to <code>false</code>.
        This is to avoid polluting the consumer coordinator cache as the auto-generated group is not likely to be used by other consumers.</li>
    <li>The default value for the producer's <code>retries</code> config was changed to <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE</code>, as we introduced <code>delivery.timeout.ms</code>
        in <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-91+Provide+Intuitive+User+Timeouts+in+The+Producer">KIP-91</a>,
        which sets an upper bound on the total time between sending a record and receiving acknowledgement from the broker. By default,
        the delivery timeout is set to 2 minutes.</li>
    <li>By default, MirrorMaker now overrides <code>delivery.timeout.ms</code> to <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE</code> when
        configuring the producer. If you have overridden the value of <code>retries</code> in order to fail faster,
        you will instead need to override <code>delivery.timeout.ms</code>.</li>
    <li>The <code>ListGroup</code> API now expects, as a recommended alternative, <code>Describe Group</code> access to the groups a user should be able to list.
        Even though the old <code>Describe Cluster</code> access is still supported for backward compatibility, using it for this API is not advised.</li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=87298242">KIP-336</a> deprecates the ExtendedSerializer and ExtendedDeserializer interfaces and
        propagates the usage of Serializer and Deserializer. ExtendedSerializer and ExtendedDeserializer were introduced with
        <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-82+-+Add+Record+Headers">KIP-82</a> to provide record headers for serializers and deserializers
        in a Java 7 compatible fashion. Now we consolidated these interfaces as Java 7 support has been dropped since.</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_210_notable" href="#upgrade_210_notable">Notable changes in 2.1.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Jetty has been upgraded to 9.4.12, which excludes TLS_RSA_* ciphers by default because they do not support forward
        secrecy, see https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/issues/2807 for more information.</li>
    <li>Unclean leader election is automatically enabled by the controller when <code>unclean.leader.election.enable</code> config is dynamically updated by using per-topic config override.</li>
    <li>The <code>AdminClient</code> has added a method <code>AdminClient#metrics()</code>. Now any application using the <code>AdminClient</code> can gain more information
        and insight by viewing the metrics captured from the <code>AdminClient</code>. For more information
        see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-324%3A+Add+method+to+get+metrics%28%29+in+AdminClient">KIP-324</a>
    </li>
    <li>Kafka now supports Zstandard compression from <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-110%3A+Add+Codec+for+ZStandard+Compression">KIP-110</a>.
        You must upgrade the broker as well as clients to make use of it. Consumers prior to 2.1.0 will not be able to read from topics which use
        Zstandard compression, so you should not enable it for a topic until all downstream consumers are upgraded. See the KIP for more detail.
    </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_2_0_0" href="#upgrade_2_0_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, or 1.1.x to 2.0.0</a></h4>
<p>Kafka 2.0.0 introduces wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below,
    you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade. However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_200_notable">notable changes in 2.0.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x, 1.0.x, or 1.1.x and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol format.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0, 1.0, 1.1).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 2.0.
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect.</li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 2.0 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala consumer
        does not support the new message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid the performance cost of down-conversion (or to
        take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>), the newer Java consumer must be used.</li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li>If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start them back up. They will start
        with the new protocol by default.</li>
    <li>Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers are upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
        Similarly for the message format version.</li>
    <li>If you are using Java8 method references in your Kafka Streams code you might need to update your code to resolve method ambiguities.
        Hot-swapping the jar-file only might not work.</li>
    <li>ACLs should not be added to prefixed resources,
        (added in <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-290%3A+Support+for+Prefixed+ACLs">KIP-290</a>),
        until all brokers in the cluster have been updated.
        <p><b>NOTE:</b> any prefixed ACLs added to a cluster, even after the cluster is fully upgraded, will be ignored should the cluster be downgraded again.
    </li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_200_notable" href="#upgrade_200_notable">Notable changes in 2.0.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/oYtjB">KIP-186</a> increases the default offset retention time from 1 day to 7 days. This makes it less likely to "lose" offsets in an application that commits infrequently. It also increases the active set of offsets and therefore can increase memory usage on the broker. Note that the console consumer currently enables offset commit by default and can be the source of a large number of offsets which this change will now preserve for 7 days instead of 1. You can preserve the existing behavior by setting the broker config <code>offsets.retention.minutes</code> to 1440.</li>
    <li>Support for Java 7 has been dropped, Java 8 is now the minimum version required.</li>
    <li> The default value for <code>ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm</code> was changed to <code>https</code>, which performs hostname verification (man-in-the-middle attacks are possible otherwise). Set <code>ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm</code> to an empty string to restore the previous behaviour. </li>
    <li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-5674">KAFKA-5674</a> extends the lower interval of <code>max.connections.per.ip</code> minimum to zero and therefore allows IP-based filtering of inbound connections.</li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-272%3A+Add+API+version+tag+to+broker%27s+RequestsPerSec+metric">KIP-272</a>
        added API version tag to the metric <code>kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=RequestsPerSec,request={Produce|FetchConsumer|FetchFollower|...}</code>.
        This metric now becomes <code>kafka.network:type=RequestMetrics,name=RequestsPerSec,request={Produce|FetchConsumer|FetchFollower|...},version={0|1|2|3|...}</code>. This will impact
        JMX monitoring tools that do not automatically aggregate. To get the total count for a specific request type, the tool needs to be
        updated to aggregate across different versions.
    </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/uaBzB">KIP-225</a> changed the metric "records.lag" to use tags for topic and partition. The original version with the name format "{topic}-{partition}.records-lag" has been removed.</li>
    <li>The Scala consumers, which have been deprecated since 0.11.0.0, have been removed. The Java consumer has been the recommended option
        since 0.10.0.0. Note that the Scala consumers in 1.1.0 (and older) will continue to work even if the brokers are upgraded to 2.0.0.</li>
    <li>The Scala producers, which have been deprecated since 0.10.0.0, have been removed. The Java producer has been the recommended option
        since 0.9.0.0. Note that the behaviour of the default partitioner in the Java producer differs from the default partitioner
        in the Scala producers. Users migrating should consider configuring a custom partitioner that retains the previous behaviour.
        Note that the Scala producers in 1.1.0 (and older) will continue to work even if the brokers are upgraded to 2.0.0.</li>
    <li>MirrorMaker and ConsoleConsumer no longer support the Scala consumer, they always use the Java consumer.</li>
    <li>The ConsoleProducer no longer supports the Scala producer, it always uses the Java producer.</li>
    <li>A number of deprecated tools that rely on the Scala clients have been removed: ReplayLogProducer, SimpleConsumerPerformance, SimpleConsumerShell, ExportZkOffsets, ImportZkOffsets, UpdateOffsetsInZK, VerifyConsumerRebalance.</li>
    <li>The deprecated kafka.tools.ProducerPerformance has been removed, please use org.apache.kafka.tools.ProducerPerformance.</li>
    <li>New Kafka Streams configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from older version. </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/DVyHB">KIP-284</a> changed the retention time for Kafka Streams repartition topics by setting its default value to <code>Long.MAX_VALUE</code>.</li>
    <li>Updated <code>ProcessorStateManager</code> APIs in Kafka Streams for registering state stores to the processor topology. For more details please read the Streams <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_200">Upgrade Guide</a>.</li>
    <li>
        In earlier releases, Connect's worker configuration required the <code>internal.key.converter</code> and <code>internal.value.converter</code> properties.
        In 2.0, these are <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/AZQ7B">no longer required</a> and default to the JSON converter.
        You may safely remove these properties from your Connect standalone and distributed worker configurations:<br />
        <code>internal.key.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter</code>
        <code>internal.key.converter.schemas.enable=false</code>
        <code>internal.value.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter</code>
        <code>internal.value.converter.schemas.enable=false</code>
    </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/5kiHB">KIP-266</a> adds a new consumer configuration <code>default.api.timeout.ms</code>
        to specify the default timeout to use for <code>KafkaConsumer</code> APIs that could block. The KIP also adds overloads for such blocking
        APIs to support specifying a specific timeout to use for each of them instead of using the default timeout set by <code>default.api.timeout.ms</code>.
        In particular, a new <code>poll(Duration)</code> API has been added which does not block for dynamic partition assignment.
        The old <code>poll(long)</code> API has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Overloads have also been added
        for other <code>KafkaConsumer</code> methods like <code>partitionsFor</code>, <code>listTopics</code>, <code>offsetsForTimes</code>,
        <code>beginningOffsets</code>, <code>endOffsets</code> and <code>close</code> that take in a <code>Duration</code>.</li>
    <li>Also as part of KIP-266, the default value of <code>request.timeout.ms</code> has been changed to 30 seconds.
        The previous value was a little higher than 5 minutes to account for maximum time that a rebalance would take.
        Now we treat the JoinGroup request in the rebalance as a special case and use a value derived from
        <code>max.poll.interval.ms</code> for the request timeout. All other request types use the timeout defined
        by <code>request.timeout.ms</code></li>
    <li>The internal method <code>kafka.admin.AdminClient.deleteRecordsBefore</code> has been removed. Users are encouraged to migrate to <code>org.apache.kafka.clients.admin.AdminClient.deleteRecords</code>.</li>
    <li>The AclCommand tool <code>--producer</code> convenience option uses the <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-277+-+Fine+Grained+ACL+for+CreateTopics+API">KIP-277</a> finer grained ACL on the given topic. </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-176%3A+Remove+deprecated+new-consumer+option+for+tools">KIP-176</a> removes
        the <code>--new-consumer</code> option for all consumer based tools. This option is redundant since the new consumer is automatically
        used if --bootstrap-server is defined.
    </li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-290%3A+Support+for+Prefixed+ACLs">KIP-290</a> adds the ability
        to define ACLs on prefixed resources, e.g. any topic starting with 'foo'.</li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-283%3A+Efficient+Memory+Usage+for+Down-Conversion">KIP-283</a> improves message down-conversion
        handling on Kafka broker, which has typically been a memory-intensive operation. The KIP adds a mechanism by which the operation becomes less memory intensive
        by down-converting chunks of partition data at a time which helps put an upper bound on memory consumption. With this improvement, there is a change in
        <code>FetchResponse</code> protocol behavior where the broker could send an oversized message batch towards the end of the response with an invalid offset.
        Such oversized messages must be ignored by consumer clients, as is done by <code>KafkaConsumer</code>.
    <p>KIP-283 also adds new topic and broker configurations <code>message.downconversion.enable</code> and <code>log.message.downconversion.enable</code> respectively
       to control whether down-conversion is enabled. When disabled, broker does not perform any down-conversion and instead sends an <code>UNSUPPORTED_VERSION</code>
       error to the client.</p></li>
    <li>Dynamic broker configuration options can be stored in ZooKeeper using kafka-configs.sh before brokers are started.
        This option can be used to avoid storing clear passwords in server.properties as all password configs may be stored encrypted in ZooKeeper.</li>
    <li>ZooKeeper hosts are now re-resolved if connection attempt fails. But if your ZooKeeper host names resolve
    to multiple addresses and some of them are not reachable, then you may need to increase the connection timeout
    <code>zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms</code>.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_200_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_200_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-279%3A+Fix+log+divergence+between+leader+and+follower+after+fast+leader+fail+over">KIP-279</a>: OffsetsForLeaderEpochResponse v1 introduces a partition-level <code>leader_epoch</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-219+-+Improve+quota+communication">KIP-219</a>: Bump up the protocol versions of non-cluster action requests and responses that are throttled on quota violation.</li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-290%3A+Support+for+Prefixed+ACLs">KIP-290</a>: Bump up the protocol versions ACL create, describe and delete requests and responses.</li>
</ul>


<h5><a id="upgrade_200_streams_from_11" href="#upgrade_200_streams_from_11">Upgrading a 1.1 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 1.1 to 2.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 2.0 application can connect to 2.0, 1.1, 1.0, 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> Note that in 2.0 we have removed the public APIs that are deprecated prior to 1.0; users leveraging on those deprecated APIs need to make code changes accordingly.
         See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_200">Streams API changes in 2.0.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_1_1_0" href="#upgrade_1_1_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x, 0.11.0.x, or 1.0.x to 1.1.x</a></h4>
<p>Kafka 1.1.0 introduces wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below,
    you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade. However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_110_notable">notable changes in 1.1.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0, 1.0).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
                following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
        If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x or 1.0.x and you have not overridden the message format, then you only need to override
        the inter-broker protocol format.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (0.11.0 or 1.0).</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 1.1.
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 1.1 on each broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala consumer
        does not support the new message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid the performance cost of down-conversion (or to
        take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>), the newer Java consumer must be used.</li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li>If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start them back up. They will start
        with the new protocol by default.</li>
    <li>Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers are upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
        Similarly for the message format version.</li>
    <li>If you are using Java8 method references in your Kafka Streams code you might need to update your code to resolve method ambiguties.
        Hot-swapping the jar-file only might not work.</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_111_notable" href="#upgrade_111_notable">Notable changes in 1.1.1</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> New Kafka Streams configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from version 0.10.0.x </li>
    <li> See the <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide.html"><b>Kafka Streams upgrade guide</b></a> for details about this new config.
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_110_notable" href="#upgrade_110_notable">Notable changes in 1.1.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>The kafka artifact in Maven no longer depends on log4j or slf4j-log4j12. Similarly to the kafka-clients artifact, users
        can now choose the logging back-end by including the appropriate slf4j module (slf4j-log4j12, logback, etc.). The release
        tarball still includes log4j and slf4j-log4j12.</li>
    <li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/x/uaBzB">KIP-225</a> changed the metric "records.lag" to use tags for topic and partition. The original version with the name format "{topic}-{partition}.records-lag" is deprecated and will be removed in 2.0.0.</li>
    <li>Kafka Streams is more robust against broker communication errors. Instead of stopping the Kafka Streams client with a fatal exception,
	Kafka Streams tries to self-heal and reconnect to the cluster. Using the new <code>AdminClient</code> you have better control of how often
	Kafka Streams retries and can <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/developer-guide/config-streams">configure</a>
	fine-grained timeouts (instead of hard coded retries as in older version).</li>
    <li>Kafka Streams rebalance time was reduced further making Kafka Streams more responsive.</li>
    <li>Kafka Connect now supports message headers in both sink and source connectors, and to manipulate them via simple message transforms. Connectors must be changed to explicitly use them. A new <code>HeaderConverter</code> is introduced to control how headers are (de)serialized, and the new "SimpleHeaderConverter" is used by default to use string representations of values.</li>
    <li>kafka.tools.DumpLogSegments now automatically sets deep-iteration option if print-data-log is enabled
        explicitly or implicitly due to any of the other options like decoder.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_110_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_110_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-226+-+Dynamic+Broker+Configuration">KIP-226</a> introduced DescribeConfigs Request/Response v1.</li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-227%3A+Introduce+Incremental+FetchRequests+to+Increase+Partition+Scalability">KIP-227</a> introduced Fetch Request/Response v7.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_110_streams_from_10" href="#upgrade_110_streams_from_10">Upgrading a 1.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 1.0 to 1.1 does not require a broker upgrade.
        A Kafka Streams 1.1 application can connect to 1.0, 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_110">Streams API changes in 1.1.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_1_0_0" href="#upgrade_1_0_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x, 0.10.2.x or 0.11.0.x to 1.0.0</a></h4>
<p>Kafka 1.0.0 introduces wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below,
    you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade. However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_100_notable">notable changes in 1.0.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
        are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the message format version currently in use. If you have previously
        overridden the message format version, you should keep its current value. Alternatively, if you are upgrading from a version prior
        to 0.11.0.x, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.11.0).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
		following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
	If you are upgrading from 0.11.0.x and you have not overridden the message format, you must set
	both the message format version and the inter-broker protocol version to 0.11.0.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=0.11.0</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=0.11.0</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 1.0.
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> If you have overridden the message format version as instructed above, then you need to do one more rolling restart to
        upgrade it to its latest version. Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later,
        change log.message.format.version to 1.0 on each broker and restart them one by one. If you are upgrading from
        0.11.0 and log.message.format.version is set to 0.11.0, you can update the config and skip the rolling restart.
        Note that the older Scala consumer does not support the new message format introduced in 0.11, so to avoid the
        performance cost of down-conversion (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
        the newer Java consumer must be used.</li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li>If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start them back up. They will start
        with the new protocol by default.</li>
    <li>Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers are upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
        Similarly for the message format version.</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_102_notable" href="#upgrade_102_notable">Notable changes in 1.0.2</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> New Kafka Streams configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from version 0.10.0.x </li>
    <li> See the <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide.html"><b>Kafka Streams upgrade guide</b></a> for details about this new config.
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_101_notable" href="#upgrade_101_notable">Notable changes in 1.0.1</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Restored binary compatibility of AdminClient's Options classes (e.g. CreateTopicsOptions, DeleteTopicsOptions, etc.) with
        0.11.0.x. Binary (but not source) compatibility had been broken inadvertently in 1.0.0.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_notable" href="#upgrade_100_notable">Notable changes in 1.0.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Topic deletion is now enabled by default, since the functionality is now stable. Users who wish to
        to retain the previous behavior should set the broker config <code>delete.topic.enable</code> to <code>false</code>. Keep in mind that topic deletion removes data and the operation is not reversible (i.e. there is no "undelete" operation)</li>
    <li>For topics that support timestamp search if no offset can be found for a partition, that partition is now included in the search result with a null offset value. Previously, the partition was not included in the map.
        This change was made to make the search behavior consistent with the case of topics not supporting timestamp search.
    <li>If the <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> is 1.0 or later, a broker will now stay online to serve replicas
        on live log directories even if there are offline log directories. A log directory may become offline due to IOException
        caused by hardware failure. Users need to monitor the per-broker metric <code>offlineLogDirectoryCount</code> to check
        whether there is offline log directory. </li>
    <li>Added KafkaStorageException which is a retriable exception. KafkaStorageException will be converted to NotLeaderForPartitionException in the response
        if the version of the client's FetchRequest or ProducerRequest does not support KafkaStorageException. </li>
    <li>-XX:+DisableExplicitGC was replaced by -XX:+ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent in the default JVM settings. This helps
        avoid out of memory exceptions during allocation of native memory by direct buffers in some cases.</li>
    <li>The overridden <code>handleError</code> method implementations have been removed from the following deprecated classes in
        the <code>kafka.api</code> package: <code>FetchRequest</code>, <code>GroupCoordinatorRequest</code>, <code>OffsetCommitRequest</code>,
        <code>OffsetFetchRequest</code>, <code>OffsetRequest</code>, <code>ProducerRequest</code>, and <code>TopicMetadataRequest</code>.
        This was only intended for use on the broker, but it is no longer in use and the implementations have not been maintained.
        A stub implementation has been retained for binary compatibility.</li>
    <li>The Java clients and tools now accept any string as a client-id.</li>
    <li>The deprecated tool <code>kafka-consumer-offset-checker.sh</code> has been removed. Use <code>kafka-consumer-groups.sh</code> to get consumer group details.</li>
    <li>SimpleAclAuthorizer now logs access denials to the authorizer log by default.</li>
    <li>Authentication failures are now reported to clients as one of the subclasses of <code>AuthenticationException</code>.
        No retries will be performed if a client connection fails authentication.</li>
    <li>Custom <code>SaslServer</code> implementations may throw <code>SaslAuthenticationException</code> to provide an error
        message to return to clients indicating the reason for authentication failure. Implementors should take care not to include
        any security-critical information in the exception message that should not be leaked to unauthenticated clients.</li>
    <li>The <code>app-info</code> mbean registered with JMX to provide version and commit id will be deprecated and replaced with
        metrics providing these attributes.</li>
    <li>Kafka metrics may now contain non-numeric values. <code>org.apache.kafka.common.Metric#value()</code> has been deprecated and
        will return <code>0.0</code> in such cases to minimise the probability of breaking users who read the value of every client
        metric (via a <code>MetricsReporter</code> implementation or by calling the <code>metrics()</code> method).
        <code>org.apache.kafka.common.Metric#metricValue()</code> can be used to retrieve numeric and non-numeric metric values.</li>
    <li>Every Kafka rate metric now has a corresponding cumulative count metric with the suffix <code>-total</code>
        to simplify downstream processing. For example, <code>records-consumed-rate</code> has a corresponding
        metric named <code>records-consumed-total</code>.</li>
    <li>Mx4j will only be enabled if the system property <code>kafka_mx4jenable</code> is set to <code>true</code>. Due to a logic
        inversion bug, it was previously enabled by default and disabled if <code>kafka_mx4jenable</code> was set to <code>true</code>.</li>
    <li>The package <code>org.apache.kafka.common.security.auth</code> in the clients jar has been made public and added to the javadocs.
        Internal classes which had previously been located in this package have been moved elsewhere.</li>
    <li>When using an Authorizer and a user doesn't have required permissions on a topic, the broker
        will return TOPIC_AUTHORIZATION_FAILED errors to requests irrespective of topic existence on broker.
        If the user have required permissions and the topic doesn't exists, then the UNKNOWN_TOPIC_OR_PARTITION
        error code will be returned. </li>
    <li>config/consumer.properties file updated to use new consumer config properties.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_100_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: LeaderAndIsrRequest v1 introduces a partition-level <code>is_new</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: UpdateMetadataRequest v4 introduces a partition-level <code>offline_replicas</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: MetadataResponse v5 introduces a partition-level <code>offline_replicas</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: ProduceResponse v4 introduces error code for KafkaStorageException. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-112%3A+Handle+disk+failure+for+JBOD">KIP-112</a>: FetchResponse v6 introduces error code for KafkaStorageException. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-152+-+Improve+diagnostics+for+SASL+authentication+failures">KIP-152</a>:
         SaslAuthenticate request has been added to enable reporting of authentication failures. This request will
         be used if the SaslHandshake request version is greater than 0. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_streams_from_0110" href="#upgrade_100_streams_from_0110">Upgrading a 0.11.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.11.0 to 1.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 1.0 application can connect to 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though).
         However, Kafka Streams 1.0 requires 0.10 message format or newer and does not work with older message formats. </li>
    <li> If you are monitoring on streams metrics, you will need make some changes to the metrics names in your reporting and monitoring code, because the metrics sensor hierarchy was changed. </li>
    <li> There are a few public APIs including <code>ProcessorContext#schedule()</code>, <code>Processor#punctuate()</code> and <code>KStreamBuilder</code>, <code>TopologyBuilder</code> are being deprecated by new APIs.
         We recommend making corresponding code changes, which should be very minor since the new APIs look quite similar, when you upgrade.
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_100">Streams API changes in 1.0.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_streams_from_0102" href="#upgrade_100_streams_from_0102">Upgrading a 0.10.2 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.2 to 1.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 1.0 application can connect to 1.0, 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> If you are monitoring on streams metrics, you will need make some changes to the metrics names in your reporting and monitoring code, because the metrics sensor hierarchy was changed. </li>
    <li> There are a few public APIs including <code>ProcessorContext#schedule()</code>, <code>Processor#punctuate()</code> and <code>KStreamBuilder</code>, <code>TopologyBuilder</code> are being deprecated by new APIs.
         We recommend making corresponding code changes, which should be very minor since the new APIs look quite similar, when you upgrade.
    <li> If you specify customized <code>key.serde</code>, <code>value.serde</code> and <code>timestamp.extractor</code> in configs, it is recommended to use their replaced configure parameter as these configs are deprecated. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_streams_from_0101" href="#upgrade_1100_streams_from_0101">Upgrading a 0.10.1 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.1 to 1.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 1.0 application can connect to 1.0, 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> You need to recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> If you are monitoring on streams metrics, you will need make some changes to the metrics names in your reporting and monitoring code, because the metrics sensor hierarchy was changed. </li>
    <li> There are a few public APIs including <code>ProcessorContext#schedule()</code>, <code>Processor#punctuate()</code> and <code>KStreamBuilder</code>, <code>TopologyBuilder</code> are being deprecated by new APIs.
         We recommend making corresponding code changes, which should be very minor since the new APIs look quite similar, when you upgrade.
    <li> If you specify customized <code>key.serde</code>, <code>value.serde</code> and <code>timestamp.extractor</code> in configs, it is recommended to use their replaced configure parameter as these configs are deprecated. </li>
    <li> If you use a custom (i.e., user implemented) timestamp extractor, you will need to update this code, because the <code>TimestampExtractor</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> If you register custom metrics, you will need to update this code, because the <code>StreamsMetric</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_100">Streams API changes in 1.0.0</a>,
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a> and
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_100_streams_from_0100" href="#upgrade_100_streams_from_0100">Upgrading a 0.10.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.0 to 1.0 does require a <a href="#upgrade_10_1">broker upgrade</a> because a Kafka Streams 1.0 application can only connect to 0.1, 0.11.0, 0.10.2, or 0.10.1 brokers. </li>
    <li> There are couple of API changes, that are not backward compatible (cf. <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_100">Streams API changes in 1.0.0</a>,
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a>,
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a>, and
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0101">Streams API changes in 0.10.1</a> for more details).
         Thus, you need to update and recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 1.0.2 requires two rolling bounces with config <code>upgrade.from="0.10.0"</code> set for first upgrade phase
        (cf. <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-268%3A+Simplify+Kafka+Streams+Rebalance+Metadata+Upgrade">KIP-268</a>).
        As an alternative, an offline upgrade is also possible.
        <ul>
            <li> prepare your application instances for a rolling bounce and make sure that config <code>upgrade.from</code> is set to <code>"0.10.0"</code> for new version 0.11.0.3 </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once </li>
            <li> prepare your newly deployed 1.0.2 application instances for a second round of rolling bounces; make sure to remove the value for config <code>upgrade.from</code> </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once more to complete the upgrade </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 1.0.0 or 1.0.1 requires an offline upgrade (rolling bounce upgrade is not supported)

        <ul>
            <li> stop all old (0.10.0.x) application instances </li>
            <li> update your code and swap old code and jar file with new code and new jar file </li>
            <li> restart all new (1.0.0 or 1.0.1) application instances </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_11_0_0" href="#upgrade_11_0_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x, 0.10.1.x or 0.10.2.x to 0.11.0.0</a></h4>
<p>Kafka 0.11.0.0 introduces a new message format version as well as wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below,
  you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade. However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_1100_notable">notable changes in 0.11.0.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p>Starting with version 0.10.2, Java clients (producer and consumer) have acquired the ability to communicate with older brokers. Version 0.11.0
    clients can talk to version 0.10.0 or newer brokers. However, if your brokers are older than 0.10.0, you must upgrade all the brokers in the
    Kafka cluster before upgrading your clients. Version 0.11.0 brokers support 0.8.x and newer clients.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties on all brokers and add the following properties. CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION refers to the version you
      are upgrading from. CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION refers to the current message format version currently in use. If you have
      not overridden the message format previously, then CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION should be set to match CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION.
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0, 0.10.1 or 0.10.2).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_MESSAGE_FORMAT_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact
        following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)</li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing <code>inter.broker.protocol.version</code> and setting it to 0.11.0, but
      do not change <code>log.message.format.version</code> yet. </li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> Once all (or most) consumers have been upgraded to 0.11.0 or later, then change log.message.format.version to 0.11.0 on each
      broker and restart them one by one. Note that the older Scala consumer does not support the new message format, so to avoid
      the performance cost of down-conversion (or to take advantage of <a href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">exactly once semantics</a>),
      the new Java consumer must be used.</li>
</ol>

<p><b>Additional Upgrade Notes:</b></p>

<ol>
  <li>If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start them back up. They will start
    with the new protocol by default.</li>
  <li>Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers are upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
    Similarly for the message format version.</li>
  <li>It is also possible to enable the 0.11.0 message format on individual topics using the topic admin tool (<code>bin/kafka-topics.sh</code>)
    prior to updating the global setting <code>log.message.format.version</code>.</li>
  <li>If you are upgrading from a version prior to 0.10.0, it is NOT necessary to first update the message format to 0.10.0
    before you switch to 0.11.0.</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_streams_from_0102" href="#upgrade_1100_streams_from_0102">Upgrading a 0.10.2 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.2 to 0.11.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 0.11.0 application can connect to 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> If you specify customized <code>key.serde</code>, <code>value.serde</code> and <code>timestamp.extractor</code> in configs, it is recommended to use their replaced configure parameter as these configs are deprecated. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_streams_from_0101" href="#upgrade_1100_streams_from_0101">Upgrading a 0.10.1 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.1 to 0.11.0 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 0.11.0 application can connect to 0.11.0, 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> You need to recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> If you specify customized <code>key.serde</code>, <code>value.serde</code> and <code>timestamp.extractor</code> in configs, it is recommended to use their replaced configure parameter as these configs are deprecated. </li>
    <li> If you use a custom (i.e., user implemented) timestamp extractor, you will need to update this code, because the <code>TimestampExtractor</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> If you register custom metrics, you will need to update this code, because the <code>StreamsMetric</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a> and
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_streams_from_0100" href="#upgrade_1100_streams_from_0100">Upgrading a 0.10.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.0 to 0.11.0 does require a <a href="#upgrade_10_1">broker upgrade</a> because a Kafka Streams 0.11.0 application can only connect to 0.11.0, 0.10.2, or 0.10.1 brokers. </li>
    <li> There are couple of API changes, that are not backward compatible (cf. <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0110">Streams API changes in 0.11.0</a>,
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a>, and
         <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0101">Streams API changes in 0.10.1</a> for more details).
         Thus, you need to update and recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 0.11.0.3 requires two rolling bounces with config <code>upgrade.from="0.10.0"</code> set for first upgrade phase
        (cf. <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-268%3A+Simplify+Kafka+Streams+Rebalance+Metadata+Upgrade">KIP-268</a>).
        As an alternative, an offline upgrade is also possible.
        <ul>
            <li> prepare your application instances for a rolling bounce and make sure that config <code>upgrade.from</code> is set to <code>"0.10.0"</code> for new version 0.11.0.3 </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once </li>
            <li> prepare your newly deployed 0.11.0.3 application instances for a second round of rolling bounces; make sure to remove the value for config <code>upgrade.from</code> </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once more to complete the upgrade </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 0.11.0.0, 0.11.0.1, or 0.11.0.2 requires an offline upgrade (rolling bounce upgrade is not supported)
        <ul>
            <li> stop all old (0.10.0.x) application instances </li>
            <li> update your code and swap old code and jar file with new code and new jar file </li>
            <li> restart all new (0.11.0.0 , 0.11.0.1, or 0.11.0.2) application instances </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1103_notable" href="#upgrade_1103_notable">Notable changes in 0.11.0.3</a></h5>
<ul>
<li> New Kafka Streams configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from version 0.10.0.x </li>
<li> See the <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide.html"><b>Kafka Streams upgrade guide</b></a> for details about this new config.
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_notable" href="#upgrade_1100_notable">Notable changes in 0.11.0.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>Unclean leader election is now disabled by default. The new default favors durability over availability. Users who wish to
        to retain the previous behavior should set the broker config <code>unclean.leader.election.enable</code> to <code>true</code>.</li>
    <li>Producer configs <code>block.on.buffer.full</code>, <code>metadata.fetch.timeout.ms</code> and <code>timeout.ms</code> have been
        removed. They were initially deprecated in Kafka 0.9.0.0.</li>
    <li>The <code>offsets.topic.replication.factor</code> broker config is now enforced upon auto topic creation. Internal
        auto topic creation will fail with a GROUP_COORDINATOR_NOT_AVAILABLE error until the cluster size meets this
        replication factor requirement.</li>
    <li> When compressing data with snappy, the producer and broker will use the compression scheme's default block size (2 x 32 KB)
         instead of 1 KB in order to improve the compression ratio. There have been reports of data compressed with the smaller
         block size being 50% larger than when compressed with the larger block size. For the snappy case, a producer with 5000
         partitions will require an additional 315 MB of JVM heap.</li>
    <li> Similarly, when compressing data with gzip, the producer and broker will use 8 KB instead of 1 KB as the buffer size. The default
         for gzip is excessively low (512 bytes). </li>
    <li>The broker configuration <code>max.message.bytes</code> now applies to the total size of a batch of messages.
        Previously the setting applied to batches of compressed messages, or to non-compressed messages individually.
        A message batch may consist of only a single message, so in most cases, the limitation on the size of
        individual messages is only reduced by the overhead of the batch format. However, there are some subtle implications
        for message format conversion (see <a href="#upgrade_11_message_format">below</a> for more detail). Note also
        that while previously the broker would ensure that at least one message is returned in each fetch request (regardless of the
        total and partition-level fetch sizes), the same behavior now applies to one message batch.</li>
    <li>GC log rotation is enabled by default, see KAFKA-3754 for details.</li>
    <li>Deprecated constructors of RecordMetadata, MetricName and Cluster classes have been removed.</li>
    <li>Added user headers support through a new Headers interface providing user headers read and write access.</li>
    <li>ProducerRecord and ConsumerRecord expose the new Headers API via <code>Headers headers()</code> method call.</li>
    <li>ExtendedSerializer and ExtendedDeserializer interfaces are introduced to support serialization and deserialization for headers. Headers will be ignored if the configured serializer and deserializer are not the above classes.</li>
    <li>A new config, <code>group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms</code>, was introduced.
        This config specifies the time, in milliseconds, that the <code>GroupCoordinator</code> will delay the initial consumer rebalance.
        The rebalance will be further delayed by the value of <code>group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms</code> as new members join the group, up to a maximum of <code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>.
        The default value for this is 3 seconds.
        During development and testing it might be desirable to set this to 0 in order to not delay test execution time.
    </li>
    <li><code>org.apache.kafka.common.Cluster#partitionsForTopic</code>, <code>partitionsForNode</code> and <code>availablePartitionsForTopic</code> methods
        will return an empty list instead of <code>null</code> (which is considered a bad practice) in case the metadata for the required topic does not exist.
    </li>
    <li>Streams API configuration parameters <code>timestamp.extractor</code>, <code>key.serde</code>, and <code>value.serde</code> were deprecated and
        replaced by <code>default.timestamp.extractor</code>, <code>default.key.serde</code>, and <code>default.value.serde</code>, respectively.
    </li>
    <li>For offset commit failures in the Java consumer's <code>commitAsync</code> APIs, we no longer expose the underlying
        cause when instances of <code>RetriableCommitFailedException</code> are passed to the commit callback. See
        <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-5052">KAFKA-5052</a>  for more detail.
    </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1100_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_1100_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-107%3A+Add+purgeDataBefore()+API+in+AdminClient">KIP-107</a>: FetchRequest v5 introduces a partition-level <code>log_start_offset</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-107%3A+Add+purgeDataBefore()+API+in+AdminClient">KIP-107</a>: FetchResponse v5 introduces a partition-level <code>log_start_offset</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-82+-+Add+Record+Headers">KIP-82</a>: ProduceRequest v3 introduces an array of <code>header</code> in the message protocol, containing <code>key</code> field and <code>value</code> field.</li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-82+-+Add+Record+Headers">KIP-82</a>: FetchResponse v5 introduces an array of <code>header</code> in the message protocol, containing <code>key</code> field and <code>value</code> field.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics" href="#upgrade_11_exactly_once_semantics">Notes on Exactly Once Semantics</a></h5>
<p>Kafka 0.11.0 includes support for idempotent and transactional capabilities in the producer. Idempotent delivery
  ensures that messages are delivered exactly once to a particular topic partition during the lifetime of a single producer.
  Transactional delivery allows producers to send data to multiple partitions such that either all messages are successfully
  delivered, or none of them are. Together, these capabilities enable "exactly once semantics" in Kafka. More details on these
  features are available in the user guide, but below we add a few specific notes on enabling them in an upgraded cluster.
  Note that enabling EoS is not required and there is no impact on the broker's behavior if unused.</p>

<ol>
  <li>Only the new Java producer and consumer support exactly once semantics.</li>
  <li>These features depend crucially on the <a href="#upgrade_11_message_format">0.11.0 message format</a>. Attempting to use them
    on an older format will result in unsupported version errors.</li>
  <li>Transaction state is stored in a new internal topic <code>__transaction_state</code>. This topic is not created until the
    the first attempt to use a transactional request API. Similar to the consumer offsets topic, there are several settings
    to control the topic's configuration. For example, <code>transaction.state.log.min.isr</code> controls the minimum ISR for
    this topic. See the configuration section in the user guide for a full list of options.</li>
  <li>For secure clusters, the transactional APIs require new ACLs which can be turned on with the <code>bin/kafka-acls.sh</code>.
    tool.</li>
  <li>EoS in Kafka introduces new request APIs and modifies several existing ones. See
    <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-98+-+Exactly+Once+Delivery+and+Transactional+Messaging#KIP-98-ExactlyOnceDeliveryandTransactionalMessaging-RPCProtocolSummary">KIP-98</a>
    for the full details</li>
</ol>

<h5><a id="upgrade_11_message_format" href="#upgrade_11_message_format">Notes on the new message format in 0.11.0</a></h5>
<p>The 0.11.0 message format includes several major enhancements in order to support better delivery semantics for the producer
  (see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-98+-+Exactly+Once+Delivery+and+Transactional+Messaging">KIP-98</a>)
  and improved replication fault tolerance
  (see <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-101+-+Alter+Replication+Protocol+to+use+Leader+Epoch+rather+than+High+Watermark+for+Truncation">KIP-101</a>).
  Although the new format contains more information to make these improvements possible, we have made the batch format much
  more efficient. As long as the number of messages per batch is more than 2, you can expect lower overall overhead. For smaller
  batches, however, there may be a small performance impact. See <a href="bit.ly/kafka-eos-perf">here</a> for the results of our
  initial performance analysis of the new message format. You can also find more detail on the message format in the
  <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-98+-+Exactly+Once+Delivery+and+Transactional+Messaging#KIP-98-ExactlyOnceDeliveryandTransactionalMessaging-MessageFormat">KIP-98</a> proposal.
</p>
<p>One of the notable differences in the new message format is that even uncompressed messages are stored together as a single batch.
  This has a few implications for the broker configuration <code>max.message.bytes</code>, which limits the size of a single batch. First,
  if an older client produces messages to a topic partition using the old format, and the messages are individually smaller than
  <code>max.message.bytes</code>, the broker may still reject them after they are merged into a single batch during the up-conversion process.
  Generally this can happen when the aggregate size of the individual messages is larger than <code>max.message.bytes</code>. There is a similar
  effect for older consumers reading messages down-converted from the new format: if the fetch size is not set at least as large as
  <code>max.message.bytes</code>, the consumer may not be able to make progress even if the individual uncompressed messages are smaller
  than the configured fetch size. This behavior does not impact the Java client for 0.10.1.0 and later since it uses an updated fetch protocol
  which ensures that at least one message can be returned even if it exceeds the fetch size. To get around these problems, you should ensure
  1) that the producer's batch size is not set larger than <code>max.message.bytes</code>, and 2) that the consumer's fetch size is set at
  least as large as <code>max.message.bytes</code>.
</p>
<p>Most of the discussion on the performance impact of <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">upgrading to the 0.10.0 message format</a>
  remains pertinent to the 0.11.0 upgrade. This mainly affects clusters that are not secured with TLS since "zero-copy" transfer
  is already not possible in that case. In order to avoid the cost of down-conversion, you should ensure that consumer applications
  are upgraded to the latest 0.11.0 client. Significantly, since the old consumer has been deprecated in 0.11.0.0, it does not support
  the new message format. You must upgrade to use the new consumer to use the new message format without the cost of down-conversion.
  Note that 0.11.0 consumers support backwards compatibility with 0.10.0 brokers and upward, so it is possible to upgrade the
  clients first before the brokers.
</p>

<h4><a id="upgrade_10_2_0" href="#upgrade_10_2_0">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x, 0.10.0.x or 0.10.1.x to 0.10.2.0</a></h4>
<p>0.10.2.0 has wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below, you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade.
However, please review the <a href="#upgrade_1020_notable">notable changes in 0.10.2.0</a> before upgrading.
</p>

<p>Starting with version 0.10.2, Java clients (producer and consumer) have acquired the ability to communicate with older brokers. Version 0.10.2
clients can talk to version 0.10.0 or newer brokers. However, if your brokers are older than 0.10.0, you must upgrade all the brokers in the
Kafka cluster before upgrading your clients. Version 0.10.2 brokers support 0.8.x and newer clients.
</p>

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties file on all brokers and add the following properties:
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2, 0.9.0, 0.10.0 or 0.10.1).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing inter.broker.protocol.version and setting it to 0.10.2. </li>
    <li> If your previous message format is 0.10.0, change log.message.format.version to 0.10.2 (this is a no-op as the message format is the same for 0.10.0, 0.10.1 and 0.10.2).
        If your previous message format version is lower than 0.10.0, do not change log.message.format.version yet - this parameter should only change once all consumers have been upgraded to 0.10.0.0 or later.</li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> If log.message.format.version is still lower than 0.10.0 at this point, wait until all consumers have been upgraded to 0.10.0 or later,
        then change log.message.format.version to 0.10.2 on each broker and restart them one by one. </li>
</ol>

<p><b>Note:</b> If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start all of them. They will start with the new protocol by default.

<p><b>Note:</b> Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers were upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.

<h5><a id="upgrade_1020_streams_from_0101" href="#upgrade_1020_streams_from_0101">Upgrading a 0.10.1 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.1 to 0.10.2 does not require a broker upgrade.
         A Kafka Streams 0.10.2 application can connect to 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though). </li>
    <li> You need to recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> If you use a custom (i.e., user implemented) timestamp extractor, you will need to update this code, because the <code>TimestampExtractor</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> If you register custom metrics, you will need to update this code, because the <code>StreamsMetric</code> interface was changed. </li>
    <li> See <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams/upgrade-guide#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a> for more details. </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1020_streams_from_0100" href="#upgrade_1020_streams_from_0100">Upgrading a 0.10.0 Kafka Streams Application</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.0 to 0.10.2 does require a <a href="#upgrade_10_1">broker upgrade</a> because a Kafka Streams 0.10.2 application can only connect to 0.10.2 or 0.10.1 brokers. </li>
    <li> There are couple of API changes, that are not backward compatible (cf. <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/streams#streams_api_changes_0102">Streams API changes in 0.10.2</a> for more details).
         Thus, you need to update and recompile your code. Just swapping the Kafka Streams library jar file will not work and will break your application. </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 0.10.2.2 requires two rolling bounces with config <code>upgrade.from="0.10.0"</code> set for first upgrade phase
         (cf. <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-268%3A+Simplify+Kafka+Streams+Rebalance+Metadata+Upgrade">KIP-268</a>).
         As an alternative, an offline upgrade is also possible.
        <ul>
            <li> prepare your application instances for a rolling bounce and make sure that config <code>upgrade.from</code> is set to <code>"0.10.0"</code> for new version 0.10.2.2 </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once </li>
            <li> prepare your newly deployed 0.10.2.2 application instances for a second round of rolling bounces; make sure to remove the value for config <code>upgrade.from</code> </li>
            <li> bounce each instance of your application once more to complete the upgrade </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrading from 0.10.0.x to 0.10.2.0 or 0.10.2.1 requires an offline upgrade (rolling bounce upgrade is not supported)
        <ul>
            <li> stop all old (0.10.0.x) application instances </li>
            <li> update your code and swap old code and jar file with new code and new jar file </li>
            <li> restart all new (0.10.2.0 or 0.10.2.1) application instances </li>
        </ul>
    </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_10202_notable" href="#upgrade_10202_notable">Notable changes in 0.10.2.2</a></h5>
<ul>
<li> New configuration parameter <code>upgrade.from</code> added that allows rolling bounce upgrade from version 0.10.0.x </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_10201_notable" href="#upgrade_10201_notable">Notable changes in 0.10.2.1</a></h5>
<ul>
  <li> The default values for two configurations of the StreamsConfig class were changed to improve the resiliency of Kafka Streams applications. The internal Kafka Streams producer <code>retries</code> default value was changed from 0 to 10. The internal Kafka Streams consumer <code>max.poll.interval.ms</code>  default value was changed from 300000 to <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE</code>.
  </li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1020_notable" href="#upgrade_1020_notable">Notable changes in 0.10.2.0</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li>The Java clients (producer and consumer) have acquired the ability to communicate with older brokers. Version 0.10.2 clients
        can talk to version 0.10.0 or newer brokers. Note that some features are not available or are limited when older brokers
        are used. </li>
    <li>Several methods on the Java consumer may now throw <code>InterruptException</code> if the calling thread is interrupted.
        Please refer to the <code>KafkaConsumer</code> Javadoc for a more in-depth explanation of this change.</li>
    <li>Java consumer now shuts down gracefully. By default, the consumer waits up to 30 seconds to complete pending requests.
        A new close API with timeout has been added to <code>KafkaConsumer</code> to control the maximum wait time.</li>
    <li>Multiple regular expressions separated by commas can be passed to MirrorMaker with the new Java consumer via the --whitelist option. This
        makes the behaviour consistent with MirrorMaker when used the old Scala consumer.</li>
    <li>Upgrading your Streams application from 0.10.1 to 0.10.2 does not require a broker upgrade.
        A Kafka Streams 0.10.2 application can connect to 0.10.2 and 0.10.1 brokers (it is not possible to connect to 0.10.0 brokers though).</li>
    <li>The Zookeeper dependency was removed from the Streams API. The Streams API now uses the Kafka protocol to manage internal topics instead of
        modifying Zookeeper directly. This eliminates the need for privileges to access Zookeeper directly and "StreamsConfig.ZOOKEEPER_CONFIG"
        should not be set in the Streams app any more. If the Kafka cluster is secured, Streams apps must have the required security privileges to create new topics.</li>
    <li>Several new fields including "security.protocol", "connections.max.idle.ms", "retry.backoff.ms", "reconnect.backoff.ms" and "request.timeout.ms" were added to
        StreamsConfig class. User should pay attention to the default values and set these if needed. For more details please refer to <a href="/{{version}}/documentation/#streamsconfigs">3.5 Kafka Streams Configs</a>.</li>
</ul>

<h5><a id="upgrade_1020_new_protocols" href="#upgrade_1020_new_protocols">New Protocol Versions</a></h5>
<ul>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-88%3A+OffsetFetch+Protocol+Update">KIP-88</a>: OffsetFetchRequest v2 supports retrieval of offsets for all topics if the <code>topics</code> array is set to <code>null</code>. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-88%3A+OffsetFetch+Protocol+Update">KIP-88</a>: OffsetFetchResponse v2 introduces a top-level <code>error_code</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-103%3A+Separation+of+Internal+and+External+traffic">KIP-103</a>: UpdateMetadataRequest v3 introduces a <code>listener_name</code> field to the elements of the <code>end_points</code> array. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-108%3A+Create+Topic+Policy">KIP-108</a>: CreateTopicsRequest v1 introduces a <code>validate_only</code> field. </li>
    <li> <a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/KIP-108%3A+Create+Topic+Policy">KIP-108</a>: CreateTopicsResponse v1 introduces an <code>error_message</code> field to the elements of the <code>topic_errors</code> array. </li>
</ul>

<h4><a id="upgrade_10_1" href="#upgrade_10_1">Upgrading from 0.8.x, 0.9.x or 0.10.0.X to 0.10.1.0</a></h4>
0.10.1.0 has wire protocol changes. By following the recommended rolling upgrade plan below, you guarantee no downtime during the upgrade.
However, please notice the <a href="#upgrade_10_1_breaking">Potential breaking changes in 0.10.1.0</a> before upgrade.
<br>
Note: Because new protocols are introduced, it is important to upgrade your Kafka clusters before upgrading your clients (i.e. 0.10.1.x clients
only support 0.10.1.x or later brokers while 0.10.1.x brokers also support older clients).

<p><b>For a rolling upgrade:</b></p>

<ol>
    <li> Update server.properties file on all brokers and add the following properties:
        <ul>
            <li>inter.broker.protocol.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION (e.g. 0.8.2.0, 0.9.0.0 or 0.10.0.0).</li>
            <li>log.message.format.version=CURRENT_KAFKA_VERSION  (See <a href="#upgrade_10_performance_impact">potential performance impact following the upgrade</a> for the details on what this configuration does.)
        </ul>
    </li>
    <li> Upgrade the brokers one at a time: shut down the broker, update the code, and restart it. </li>
    <li> Once the entire cluster is upgraded, bump the protocol version by editing inter.broker.protocol.version and setting it to 0.10.1.0. </li>
    <li> If your previous message format is 0.10.0, change log.message.format.version to 0.10.1 (this is a no-op as the message format is the same for both 0.10.0 and 0.10.1).
         If your previous message format version is lower than 0.10.0, do not change log.message.format.version yet - this parameter should only change once all consumers have been upgraded to 0.10.0.0 or later.</li>
    <li> Restart the brokers one by one for the new protocol version to take effect. </li>
    <li> If log.message.format.version is still lower than 0.10.0 at this point, wait until all consumers have been upgraded to 0.10.0 or later,
         then change log.message.format.version to 0.10.1 on each broker and restart them one by one. </li>
</ol>

<p><b>Note:</b> If you are willing to accept downtime, you can simply take all the brokers down, update the code and start all of them. They will start with the new protocol by default.

<p><b>Note:</b> Bumping the protocol version and restarting can be done any time after the brokers were upgraded. It does not have to be immediately after.
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