in src/libraries/utf/include/m/utf/encode.h [126:141]
constexpr std::size_t compute_encoded_utf8_size(UtcCharT ch)
{
if ((ch >= 0x0011'0000) || ((ch >= 0xdc00) && (ch <= 0xdfff)))
throw std::runtime_error("invalid character");
if (ch < 0x0000'0080)
return 1;
if (ch < 0x0000'0800)
return 2;
if (ch < 0x0001'0000)
return 3;
return 4;
}