Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 50% duplication:
- 5,873 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 2,994 duplicated lines
- 464 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
database (29%)
--> functions (72%)
588
6 file pairs
details...
database (28%)
--> dynamic_links (71%)
578
6 file pairs
details...
analytics (84%)
--> database (27%)
562
5 file pairs
details...
admob (60%)
--> analytics (84%)
560
5 file pairs
details...
admob (60%)
--> database (27%)
560
5 file pairs
details...
analytics (84%)
--> dynamic_links (69%)
560
5 file pairs
details...
database (27%)
--> remote_config (67%)
558
5 file pairs
details...
analytics (84%)
--> remote_config (67%)
558
5 file pairs
details...
messaging (68%)
--> remote_config (67%)
558
5 file pairs
details...
admob (60%)
--> remote_config (67%)
558
5 file pairs
details...
analytics (84%)
--> messaging (68%)
558
5 file pairs
details...
database (27%)
--> messaging (68%)
558
5 file pairs
details...
admob (60%)
--> messaging (68%)
558
5 file pairs
details...
admob (60%)
--> dynamic_links (69%)
558
5 file pairs
details...
dynamic_links (68%)
--> messaging (68%)
556
5 file pairs
details...
dynamic_links (68%)
--> remote_config (67%)
556
5 file pairs
details...
auth (20%)
--> messaging (66%)
542
6 file pairs
details...
database (26%)
--> firestore (52%)
526
5 file pairs
details...
analytics (79%)
--> firestore (52%)
526
5 file pairs
details...
firestore (52%)
--> functions (65%)
526
5 file pairs
details...
admob (56%)
--> firestore (51%)
524
5 file pairs
details...
dynamic_links (64%)
--> firestore (51%)
524
5 file pairs
details...
firestore (51%)
--> messaging (64%)
522
5 file pairs
details...
firestore (51%)
--> remote_config (63%)
522
5 file pairs
details...
analytics (78%)
--> functions (64%)
522
5 file pairs
details...
auth (19%)
--> database (25%)
522
5 file pairs
details...
analytics (78%)
--> auth (19%)
522
5 file pairs
details...
admob (56%)
--> auth (19%)
522
5 file pairs
details...
admob (56%)
--> functions (64%)
520
5 file pairs
details...
dynamic_links (64%)
--> functions (64%)
520
5 file pairs
details...
auth (19%)
--> remote_config (62%)
520
5 file pairs
details...
auth (19%)
--> dynamic_links (64%)
520
5 file pairs
details...
functions (64%)
--> messaging (63%)
518
5 file pairs
details...
functions (64%)
--> remote_config (62%)
518
5 file pairs
details...
auth (17%)
--> firestore (47%)
482
5 file pairs
details...
auth (17%)
--> functions (59%)
476
5 file pairs
details...
database (21%)
--> storage (37%)
436
5 file pairs
details...
functions (53%)
--> storage (36%)
432
6 file pairs
details...
dynamic_links (43%)
--> storage (29%)
352
5 file pairs
details...
analytics (50%)
--> storage (28%)
336
4 file pairs
details...
admob (35%)
--> storage (27%)
328
4 file pairs
details...
messaging (40%)
--> storage (27%)
328
4 file pairs
details...
remote_config (39%)
--> storage (27%)
328
4 file pairs
details...
firestore (31%)
--> storage (27%)
322
4 file pairs
details...
auth (10%)
--> storage (23%)
280
4 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| database (29%) --> functions (72%) |
588 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| database (28%) --> dynamic_links (71%) |
578 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| analytics (84%) --> database (27%) |
562 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| admob (60%) --> analytics (84%) |
560 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| admob (60%) --> database (27%) |
560 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| analytics (84%) --> dynamic_links (69%) |
560 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| database (27%) --> remote_config (67%) |
558 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| analytics (84%) --> remote_config (67%) |
558 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| messaging (68%) --> remote_config (67%) |
558 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| admob (60%) --> remote_config (67%) |
558 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| analytics (84%) --> messaging (68%) |
558 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| database (27%) --> messaging (68%) |
558 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| admob (60%) --> messaging (68%) |
558 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| admob (60%) --> dynamic_links (69%) |
558 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| dynamic_links (68%) --> messaging (68%) |
556 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| dynamic_links (68%) --> remote_config (67%) |
556 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| auth (20%) --> messaging (66%) |
542 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| database (26%) --> firestore (52%) |
526 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| analytics (79%) --> firestore (52%) |
526 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| firestore (52%) --> functions (65%) |
526 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| admob (56%) --> firestore (51%) |
524 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| dynamic_links (64%) --> firestore (51%) |
524 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| firestore (51%) --> messaging (64%) |
522 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| firestore (51%) --> remote_config (63%) |
522 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| analytics (78%) --> functions (64%) |
522 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| auth (19%) --> database (25%) |
522 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| analytics (78%) --> auth (19%) |
522 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| admob (56%) --> auth (19%) |
522 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| admob (56%) --> functions (64%) |
520 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| dynamic_links (64%) --> functions (64%) |
520 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| auth (19%) --> remote_config (62%) |
520 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| auth (19%) --> dynamic_links (64%) |
520 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| functions (64%) --> messaging (63%) |
518 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| functions (64%) --> remote_config (62%) |
518 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| auth (17%) --> firestore (47%) |
482 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| auth (17%) --> functions (59%) |
476 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| database (21%) --> storage (37%) |
436 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| functions (53%) --> storage (36%) |
432 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| dynamic_links (43%) --> storage (29%) |
352 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| analytics (50%) --> storage (28%) |
336 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| admob (35%) --> storage (27%) |
328 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| messaging (40%) --> storage (27%) |
328 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| remote_config (39%) --> storage (27%) |
328 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| firestore (31%) --> storage (27%) |
322 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| auth (10%) --> storage (23%) |
280 | 4 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 20 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 143 | x 2 | admob/testapp/src/androidanalytics/testapp/src/android |  android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | database/testapp/src/androidfirestore/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | database/testapp/src/androidremote_config/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | analytics/testapp/src/androidremote_config/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | admob/testapp/src/androiddatabase/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | messaging/testapp/src/androidremote_config/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | admob/testapp/src/androidremote_config/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | firestore/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | analytics/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | admob/testapp/src/androidfirestore/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | analytics/testapp/src/androiddatabase/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | firestore/testapp/src/androidremote_config/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | database/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | analytics/testapp/src/androidfirestore/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 143 | x 2 | admob/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
27:254 (100%)27:254 (100%) | view |
| 127 | x 2 | functions/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
60:260 (86%)54:254 (88%) | view |
| 127 | x 2 | admob/testapp/src/androidfunctions/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
54:254 (88%)60:260 (86%) | view |
| 127 | x 2 | firestore/testapp/src/androidfunctions/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
54:254 (88%)60:260 (86%) | view |
| 127 | x 2 | functions/testapp/src/androidremote_config/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
60:260 (86%)54:254 (88%) | view |
| 127 | x 2 | analytics/testapp/src/androidfunctions/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
54:254 (88%)60:260 (86%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 19 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 | x 10 | remote_config/testapp/src/androidfirestore/testapp/src/androidstorage/testapp/src/androidauth/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/androidanalytics/testapp/src/androidfunctions/testapp/src/androiddynamic_links/testapp/src/androiddatabase/testapp/src/androidadmob/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
60:92 60:92 72:104 60:92 60:92 60:92 66:98 60:92 60:92 60:92 | view |
| 21 | x 9 | remote_config/testapp/src/androidfirestore/testapp/src/androidauth/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/androidanalytics/testapp/src/androidfunctions/testapp/src/androiddynamic_links/testapp/src/androiddatabase/testapp/src/androidadmob/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
152:182 152:182 231:261 152:182 152:182 158:188 152:182 152:182 152:182 | view |
| 15 | x 9 | remote_config/testapp/src/androidfirestore/testapp/src/androidauth/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/androidanalytics/testapp/src/androidfunctions/testapp/src/androiddynamic_links/testapp/src/androiddatabase/testapp/src/androidadmob/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
110:131 110:131 110:131 110:131 110:131 116:137 110:131 110:131 110:131 | view |
| 13 | x 8 | remote_config/testapp/src/androidfirestore/testapp/src/androidauth/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/androidanalytics/testapp/src/androidfunctions/testapp/src/androiddatabase/testapp/src/androidadmob/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
185:201 185:201 264:280 185:201 185:201 191:207 185:201 185:201 | view |
| 11 | x 9 | remote_config/testapp/src/iosfirestore/testapp/src/iosauth/testapp/src/iosmessaging/testapp/src/iosanalytics/testapp/src/iosfunctions/testapp/src/iosdynamic_links/testapp/src/iosdatabase/testapp/src/iosadmob/testapp/src/ios |  ios_main.mmios_main.mmios_main.mmios_main.mmios_main.mmios_main.mmios_main.mmios_main.mmios_main.mm |
66:80 64:78 94:108 66:80 66:80 73:87 66:80 66:80 66:80 | view |
| 11 | x 7 | firestore/testapp/src/an...google/firebase/exampleauth/testapp/src/android...google/firebase/exampleanalytics/testapp/src/an...google/firebase/examplefunctions/testapp/src/an...google/firebase/exampledynamic_links/testapp/sr...google/firebase/exampledatabase/testapp/src/and...google/firebase/exampleadmob/testapp/src/androi...google/firebase/example |  LoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.java |
32:43 32:43 32:43 32:43 32:43 32:43 32:43 | view |
| 10 | x 2 | remote_config/testapp/sr...google/firebase/examplemessaging/testapp/src/an...google/firebase/example | LoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.java |
32:42 32:42 | view |
| 10 | x 8 | remote_config/testapp/src/desktopauth/testapp/src/desktopmessaging/testapp/src/desktopanalytics/testapp/src/desktopfunctions/testapp/src/desktopdynamic_links/testapp/src/desktopdatabase/testapp/src/desktopadmob/testapp/src/desktop | desktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.cc |
99:109 99:109 99:109 99:109 99:109 99:109 99:109 99:109 | view |
| 10 | x 3 | storage/testapp/srcdynamic_links/testapp/srcdatabase/testapp/src | common_main.cccommon_main.cccommon_main.cc |
46:56 51:61 132:142 | view |
| 9 | x 8 | remote_config/testapp/sr...google/firebase/examplefirestore/testapp/src/an...google/firebase/exampleauth/testapp/src/android...google/firebase/examplemessaging/testapp/src/an...google/firebase/exampleanalytics/testapp/src/an...google/firebase/exampledynamic_links/testapp/sr...google/firebase/exampledatabase/testapp/src/and...google/firebase/exampleadmob/testapp/src/androi...google/firebase/example | LoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.javaLoggingUtils.java |
44:53 45:54 45:54 44:53 45:54 45:54 45:54 45:54 | view |
| 9 | x 10 | remote_config/testapp/src/androidfirestore/testapp/src/androidstorage/testapp/src/androidauth/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/androidanalytics/testapp/src/androidfunctions/testapp/src/androiddynamic_links/testapp/src/androiddatabase/testapp/src/androidadmob/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
42:51 42:51 48:57 42:51 42:51 42:51 42:51 42:51 42:51 42:51 | view |
| 8 | x 10 | remote_config/testapp/src/androidfirestore/testapp/src/androidstorage/testapp/src/androidauth/testapp/src/androidmessaging/testapp/src/androidanalytics/testapp/src/androidfunctions/testapp/src/androiddynamic_links/testapp/src/androiddatabase/testapp/src/androidadmob/testapp/src/android | android_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.ccandroid_main.cc |
133:141 133:141 148:156 133:141 133:141 133:141 139:147 133:141 133:141 133:141 | view |
| 8 | x 10 | remote_config/testapp/src/desktopfirestore/testapp/src/desktopstorage/testapp/src/desktopauth/testapp/src/desktopmessaging/testapp/src/desktopanalytics/testapp/src/desktopfunctions/testapp/src/desktopdynamic_links/testapp/src/desktopdatabase/testapp/src/desktopadmob/testapp/src/desktop | desktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.cc |
89:97 87:95 127:135 89:97 89:97 89:97 89:97 89:97 89:97 89:97 | view |
| 7 | x 10 | remote_config/testapp/src/desktopfirestore/testapp/src/desktopstorage/testapp/src/desktopauth/testapp/src/desktopmessaging/testapp/src/desktopanalytics/testapp/src/desktopfunctions/testapp/src/desktopdynamic_links/testapp/src/desktopdatabase/testapp/src/desktopadmob/testapp/src/desktop | desktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.cc |
63:70 63:70 69:76 63:70 63:70 63:70 63:70 63:70 63:70 63:70 | view |
| 7 | x 9 | remote_config/testapp/src/desktopfirestore/testapp/src/desktopauth/testapp/src/desktopmessaging/testapp/src/desktopanalytics/testapp/src/desktopfunctions/testapp/src/desktopdynamic_links/testapp/src/desktopdatabase/testapp/src/desktopadmob/testapp/src/desktop | desktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.cc |
76:83 74:81 76:83 76:83 76:83 76:83 76:83 76:83 76:83 | view |
| 7 | x 9 | remote_config/testapp/src/desktopstorage/testapp/src/desktopauth/testapp/src/desktopmessaging/testapp/src/desktopanalytics/testapp/src/desktopfunctions/testapp/src/desktopdynamic_links/testapp/src/desktopdatabase/testapp/src/desktopadmob/testapp/src/desktop | desktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.cc |
113:124 139:150 113:124 113:124 113:124 113:124 113:124 113:124 113:124 | view |
| 6 | x 10 | remote_config/testapp/src/desktopfirestore/testapp/src/desktopstorage/testapp/src/desktopauth/testapp/src/desktopmessaging/testapp/src/desktopanalytics/testapp/src/desktopfunctions/testapp/src/desktopdynamic_links/testapp/src/desktopdatabase/testapp/src/desktopadmob/testapp/src/desktop | desktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.ccdesktop_main.cc |
52:58 52:58 56:62 52:58 52:58 52:58 52:58 52:58 52:58 52:58 | view |
| 6 | x 2 | storage/testapp/src/iosfunctions/testapp/src/ios | ios_main.mmios_main.mm |
70:77 61:68 | view |
| 6 | x 2 | auth/testapp/srcauth/testapp/src | common_main.cccommon_main.cc |
178:184 186:192 | view |