Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 8% duplication:
- 883,897 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 71,978 duplicated lines
- 397,390 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
hfs (30%)
--> hfsplus (14%)
2354
16 file pairs
details...
cifs (1%)
--> ksmbd (4%)
1731
20 file pairs
details...
ext2 (3%)
--> ext4 (<1%)
398
8 file pairs
details...
cifs (<1%)
--> nls (<1%)
384
16 file pairs
details...
ext4 (<1%)
--> f2fs (<1%)
338
9 file pairs
details...
minix (9%)
--> sysv (8%)
314
4 file pairs
details...
cifs (<1%)
--> hfsplus (1%)
246
1 file pair
details...
cifs (<1%)
--> jfs (<1%)
189
2 file pairs
details...
ext4 (<1%)
--> ocfs2 (<1%)
182
7 file pairs
details...
jfs (<1%)
--> ksmbd (<1%)
177
2 file pairs
details...
ext2 (1%)
--> jfs (<1%)
174
2 file pairs
details...
f2fs (<1%)
--> ROOT (<1%)
152
2 file pairs
details...
ext2 (1%)
--> reiserfs (<1%)
136
2 file pairs
details...
ext2 (1%)
--> ufs (1%)
124
3 file pairs
details...
debugfs (5%)
--> tracefs (17%)
122
2 file pairs
details...
ext4 (<1%)
--> reiserfs (<1%)
114
2 file pairs
details...
nfs (<1%)
--> nfsd (<1%)
112
6 file pairs
details...
ROOT (<1%)
--> ext4 (<1%)
110
5 file pairs
details...
ext2 (<1%)
--> nilfs2 (<1%)
102
1 file pair
details...
jfs (<1%)
--> reiserfs (<1%)
86
1 file pair
details...
f2fs (<1%)
--> ocfs2 (<1%)
72
3 file pairs
details...
ext4 (<1%)
--> jfs (<1%)
72
3 file pairs
details...
cachefiles (1%)
--> fscache (1%)
64
1 file pair
details...
ksmbd (<1%)
--> nfsd (<1%)
64
2 file pairs
details...
nilfs2 (<1%)
--> ufs (<1%)
64
2 file pairs
details...
sysv (1%)
--> ufs (<1%)
64
3 file pairs
details...
debugfs (2%)
--> devpts (8%)
62
1 file pair
details...
devpts (8%)
--> tracefs (9%)
62
1 file pair
details...
ROOT (<1%)
--> tracefs (8%)
58
1 file pair
details...
minix (1%)
--> ufs (<1%)
54
3 file pairs
details...
cifs (<1%)
--> nfs (<1%)
51
4 file pairs
details...
btrfs (<1%)
--> ROOT (<1%)
50
1 file pair
details...
minix (1%)
--> omfs (2%)
50
2 file pairs
details...
ext2 (<1%)
--> minix (1%)
50
2 file pairs
details...
ext2 (<1%)
--> sysv (1%)
50
2 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| hfs (30%) --> hfsplus (14%) |
2354 | 16 file pairs | details... |
| cifs (1%) --> ksmbd (4%) |
1731 | 20 file pairs | details... |
| ext2 (3%) --> ext4 (<1%) |
398 | 8 file pairs | details... |
| cifs (<1%) --> nls (<1%) |
384 | 16 file pairs | details... |
| ext4 (<1%) --> f2fs (<1%) |
338 | 9 file pairs | details... |
| minix (9%) --> sysv (8%) |
314 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| cifs (<1%) --> hfsplus (1%) |
246 | 1 file pair | details... |
| cifs (<1%) --> jfs (<1%) |
189 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| ext4 (<1%) --> ocfs2 (<1%) |
182 | 7 file pairs | details... |
| jfs (<1%) --> ksmbd (<1%) |
177 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| ext2 (1%) --> jfs (<1%) |
174 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| f2fs (<1%) --> ROOT (<1%) |
152 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| ext2 (1%) --> reiserfs (<1%) |
136 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| ext2 (1%) --> ufs (1%) |
124 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| debugfs (5%) --> tracefs (17%) |
122 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| ext4 (<1%) --> reiserfs (<1%) |
114 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| nfs (<1%) --> nfsd (<1%) |
112 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| ROOT (<1%) --> ext4 (<1%) |
110 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| ext2 (<1%) --> nilfs2 (<1%) |
102 | 1 file pair | details... |
| jfs (<1%) --> reiserfs (<1%) |
86 | 1 file pair | details... |
| f2fs (<1%) --> ocfs2 (<1%) |
72 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ext4 (<1%) --> jfs (<1%) |
72 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| cachefiles (1%) --> fscache (1%) |
64 | 1 file pair | details... |
| ksmbd (<1%) --> nfsd (<1%) |
64 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| nilfs2 (<1%) --> ufs (<1%) |
64 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| sysv (1%) --> ufs (<1%) |
64 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| debugfs (2%) --> devpts (8%) |
62 | 1 file pair | details... |
| devpts (8%) --> tracefs (9%) |
62 | 1 file pair | details... |
| ROOT (<1%) --> tracefs (8%) |
58 | 1 file pair | details... |
| minix (1%) --> ufs (<1%) |
54 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| cifs (<1%) --> nfs (<1%) |
51 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| btrfs (<1%) --> ROOT (<1%) |
50 | 1 file pair | details... |
| minix (1%) --> omfs (2%) |
50 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| ext2 (<1%) --> minix (1%) |
50 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| ext2 (<1%) --> sysv (1%) |
50 | 2 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 50 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 124 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 211:369 (32%)215:373 (31%) | view | |
| 114 | x 2 | nlsnls | 13789:13923 (<1%)9325:9459 (1%) | view | |
| 101 | x 2 | nlsnls | 302:421 (24%)16:135 (50%) | view | |
| 87 | x 2 | nlsnls | 165:264 (37%)188:287 (34%) | view | |
| 84 | x 2 | nlsnls | 198:289 (26%)198:289 (26%) | view | |
| 83 | x 2 | nlsnls | 10917:11005 (<1%)9314:9402 (<1%) | view | |
| 82 | x 2 | nlsnls | 198:287 (25%)198:287 (25%) | view | |
| 82 | x 2 | nlsnls | 198:287 (25%)198:287 (25%) | view | |
| 78 | x 2 | nlsnls | 7759:7842 (1%)13783:13866 (<1%) | view | |
| 75 | x 2 | afsafs | 1318:1415 (5%)1232:1329 (5%) | view | |
| 73 | x 2 | nlsnls | 10928:11005 (<1%)13789:13866 (<1%) | view | |
| 73 | x 2 | nlsnls | 7765:7842 (<1%)9325:9402 (<1%) | view | |
| 73 | x 2 | nlsnls | 7765:7842 (<1%)10928:11005 (<1%) | view | |
| 72 | x 2 | ntfsntfs | 293:395 (8%)771:873 (8%) | view | |
| 70 | x 2 | nlsnls | 210:285 (21%)204:279 (22%) | view | |
| 70 | x 2 | nlsnls | 204:279 (22%)210:285 (21%) | view | |
| 70 | x 2 | ntfs3ntfs3 | 953:1056 (5%)1553:1656 (5%) | view | |
| 70 | x 2 | nlsnls | 210:285 (21%)204:279 (22%) | view | |
| 68 | x 2 | nlsnls | 425:495 (16%)13789:13859 (<1%) | view | |
| 68 | x 2 | nlsnls | 425:495 (16%)9325:9395 (<1%) | view | |
| 68 | x 2 | nlsnls | 425:495 (16%)10928:10998 (<1%) | view | |
| 68 | x 2 | nlsnls | 425:495 (16%)7765:7835 (<1%) | view | |
| 66 | x 2 | ufsufs | 346:427 (11%)807:872 (11%) | view | |
| 64 | x 2 | cifscifs | 5383:5446 (1%)5483:5546 (1%) | view | |
| 58 | x 2 | nlsnls | 198:261 (18%)232:295 (16%) | view | |
| 58 | x 2 | nlsnls | 198:261 (18%)232:295 (16%) | view | |
| 58 | x 2 | nlsnls | 232:295 (16%)198:261 (18%) | view | |
| 57 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 166:236 (32%)223:293 (26%) | view | |
| 56 | x 2 | nfsnfs | 1474:1534 (2%)1548:1608 (2%) | view | |
| 56 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:121 (11%)52:121 (10%) | view | |
| 55 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:120 (10%)52:120 (10%) | view | |
| 55 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:120 (10%)52:120 (10%) | view | |
| 53 | x 2 | lockdlockd | 89:174 (19%)86:171 (18%) | view | |
| 53 | x 2 | nlsnls | 16:81 (26%)16:81 (24%) | view | |
| 53 | x 2 | nlsnls | 302:367 (13%)16:81 (24%) | view | |
| 51 | x 2 | nlsnls | 66:124 (15%)66:124 (14%) | view | |
| 51 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 438:505 (13%)442:509 (13%) | view | |
| 49 | x 2 | cifscifs | 1089:1152 (6%)5300:5369 (1%) | view | |
| 47 | x 2 | nlsnls | 244:295 (13%)204:255 (14%) | view | |
| 47 | x 2 | nlsnls | 78:129 (17%)76:127 (17%) | view | |
| 46 | x 2 | cifscifs | 5575:5621 (1%)5689:5734 (1%) | view | |
| 45 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:107 (8%)52:107 (9%) | view | |
| 45 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:107 (9%)52:107 (8%) | view | |
| 45 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:107 (9%)52:107 (8%) | view | |
| 44 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:106 (9%)52:106 (8%) | view | |
| 44 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:106 (8%)52:106 (8%) | view | |
| 44 | x 2 | nlsnls | 70:120 (13%)70:120 (13%) | view | |
| 44 | x 2 | nlsnls | 70:120 (13%)70:120 (12%) | view | |
| 44 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:106 (8%)52:106 (8%) | view | |
| 44 | x 2 | nlsnls | 52:106 (8%)52:106 (8%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 47 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 174:237 231:294 | view | |
| 28 | x 2 | lockdlockd | 139:169 136:166 | view | |
| 25 | x 2 | nlsnls | 9397:9426 13861:13890 | view | |
| 25 | x 2 | nlsnls | 9428:9457 13892:13921 | view | |
| 25 | x 2 | ROOTROOT | 1289:1320 1514:1546 | view | |
| 20 | x 2 | nfsnfs | 393:414 193:215 | view | |
| 17 | x 2 | btrfsbtrfs | 76:96 617:637 | view | |
| 17 | x 2 | f2fsext4 | 3977:3995 415:433 | view | |
| 15 | x 2 | sysvminix | 37:53 49:65 | view | |
| 13 | x 2 | btrfsbtrfs | 2375:2388 2390:2403 | view | |
| 13 | x 45 | nlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnls... | 269:284 450:465 295:310 120:135 277:292 262:277 341:356 226:241 555:570 341:356 ... | view | |
| 13 | x 2 | gfs2gfs2 | 845:861 1065:1082 | view | |
| 13 | x 2 | ext4ocfs2 | 16:31 207:222 | view | |
| 12 | x 2 | ROOTROOT | 1424:1438 2146:2160 | view | |
| 11 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 312:324 463:475 | view | |
| 11 | x 2 | ksmbdksmbd | 315:328 330:343 | view | |
| 11 | x 2 | afsafs | 442:456 580:594 | view | |
| 11 | x 2 | afsafs | 1517:1529 167:179 | view | |
| 10 | x 2 | notify/inotifynotify/fanotify | 117:129 725:737 | view | |
| 10 | x 2 | erofsudf | 23:36 2318:2332 | view | |
| 10 | x 2 | lockdlockd | 117:128 114:125 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | nfsnfs | 1110:1120 2503:2513 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | nfs/filelayoutnfs/filelayout | 292:304 388:400 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | nfs/flexfilelayoutnfs/flexfilelayout | 1413:1425 1588:1600 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | nlsnls | 60:71 558:569 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | ROOTROOT | 1225:1235 1456:1466 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | exfatfat | 53:64 48:58 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | cifsksmbd | 4406:4418 970:980 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | jfshfsplus | 84:93 42:51 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | ntfs3ntfs3 | 167:179 213:225 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 458:466 611:619 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 44:52 44:52 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 19:28 20:29 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | ocfs2/dlmfsocfs2 | 100:109 877:886 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | procproc | 280:289 218:227 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | nfsext4 | 373:380 315:322 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | ROOTROOT | 1212:1221 1445:1454 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | cifsksmbd | 619:626 1911:1918 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 410:418 563:571 | view | |
| 6 | x 2 | procproc | 1693:1700 921:927 | view | |
| 6 | x 2 | nfsdnfsd | 233:240 305:312 | view | |
| 6 | x 45 | nlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnlsnls... | 286:292 467:473 312:318 137:143 294:300 279:285 358:364 243:249 572:578 358:364 ... | view | |
| 6 | x 2 | sysvminix | 111:117 135:141 | view | |
| 6 | x 4 | sysvext2ext4minix | 269:275 1010:1016 746:752 215:221 | view | |
| 6 | x 2 | lockdlockd | 108:115 105:112 | view | |
| 6 | x 2 | lockdlockd | 305:313 299:307 | view | |
| 6 | x 2 | hfshfsplus | 209:215 64:70 | view |