Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 7% duplication:
- 739,220 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 56,160 duplicated lines
- 8,243 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
ipv4 (6%)
--> ipv6 (8%)
8113
88 file pairs
details...
netrom (6%)
--> rose (5%)
326
7 file pairs
details...
ipv4 (<1%)
--> netfilter (<1%)
313
16 file pairs
details...
ipv4 (<1%)
--> mptcp (1%)
253
10 file pairs
details...
ax25 (2%)
--> netrom (4%)
221
2 file pairs
details...
ipv6 (<1%)
--> l2tp (2%)
207
4 file pairs
details...
ipv6 (<1%)
--> xfrm (<1%)
192
6 file pairs
details...
ipv6 (<1%)
--> mpls (4%)
186
3 file pairs
details...
ax25 (2%)
--> rose (3%)
181
2 file pairs
details...
dccp (1%)
--> ipv4 (<1%)
180
6 file pairs
details...
dccp (1%)
--> ipv6 (<1%)
161
5 file pairs
details...
ipv4 (<1%)
--> mpls (3%)
157
4 file pairs
details...
ieee802154 (1%)
--> wireless (<1%)
132
2 file pairs
details...
bridge (<1%)
--> netfilter (<1%)
130
4 file pairs
details...
ipv4 (<1%)
--> l2tp (1%)
129
6 file pairs
details...
ieee802154 (1%)
--> ipv4 (<1%)
128
5 file pairs
details...
ipv6 (<1%)
--> netfilter (<1%)
114
11 file pairs
details...
batman-adv (<1%)
--> core (<1%)
114
10 file pairs
details...
ipv4 (<1%)
--> unix (2%)
111
5 file pairs
details...
openvswitch (<1%)
--> sched (<1%)
110
2 file pairs
details...
mac80211 (<1%)
--> wireless (<1%)
108
4 file pairs
details...
core (<1%)
--> ipv4 (<1%)
106
16 file pairs
details...
ipv4 (<1%)
--> xfrm (<1%)
104
4 file pairs
details...
bluetooth (<1%)
--> nfc (<1%)
104
5 file pairs
details...
rose (1%)
--> x25 (1%)
92
3 file pairs
details...
core (<1%)
--> nfc (<1%)
84
2 file pairs
details...
bluetooth (<1%)
--> ipv4 (<1%)
78
4 file pairs
details...
bluetooth (<1%)
--> ieee802154 (<1%)
78
4 file pairs
details...
batman-adv (<1%)
--> nfc (<1%)
78
5 file pairs
details...
bluetooth (<1%)
--> dccp (<1%)
78
4 file pairs
details...
batman-adv (<1%)
--> wireless (<1%)
78
5 file pairs
details...
appletalk (1%)
--> core (<1%)
75
2 file pairs
details...
core (<1%)
--> ipv6 (<1%)
72
13 file pairs
details...
core (<1%)
--> wireless (<1%)
72
2 file pairs
details...
netrom (1%)
--> x25 (1%)
66
3 file pairs
details...
batman-adv (<1%)
--> ieee802154 (<1%)
66
3 file pairs
details...
ipv4 (<1%)
--> sctp (<1%)
63
5 file pairs
details...
decnet (<1%)
--> ipv4 (<1%)
58
6 file pairs
details...
mac80211 (<1%)
--> mac802154 (1%)
57
1 file pair
details...
decnet (<1%)
--> ipv6 (<1%)
56
6 file pairs
details...
bridge (<1%)
--> ipv4 (<1%)
52
3 file pairs
details...
key (<1%)
--> xfrm (<1%)
52
2 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| ipv4 (6%) --> ipv6 (8%) |
8113 | 88 file pairs | details... |
| netrom (6%) --> rose (5%) |
326 | 7 file pairs | details... |
| ipv4 (<1%) --> netfilter (<1%) |
313 | 16 file pairs | details... |
| ipv4 (<1%) --> mptcp (1%) |
253 | 10 file pairs | details... |
| ax25 (2%) --> netrom (4%) |
221 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| ipv6 (<1%) --> l2tp (2%) |
207 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| ipv6 (<1%) --> xfrm (<1%) |
192 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| ipv6 (<1%) --> mpls (4%) |
186 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ax25 (2%) --> rose (3%) |
181 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| dccp (1%) --> ipv4 (<1%) |
180 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| dccp (1%) --> ipv6 (<1%) |
161 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| ipv4 (<1%) --> mpls (3%) |
157 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| ieee802154 (1%) --> wireless (<1%) |
132 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| bridge (<1%) --> netfilter (<1%) |
130 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| ipv4 (<1%) --> l2tp (1%) |
129 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| ieee802154 (1%) --> ipv4 (<1%) |
128 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| ipv6 (<1%) --> netfilter (<1%) |
114 | 11 file pairs | details... |
| batman-adv (<1%) --> core (<1%) |
114 | 10 file pairs | details... |
| ipv4 (<1%) --> unix (2%) |
111 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| openvswitch (<1%) --> sched (<1%) |
110 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| mac80211 (<1%) --> wireless (<1%) |
108 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| core (<1%) --> ipv4 (<1%) |
106 | 16 file pairs | details... |
| ipv4 (<1%) --> xfrm (<1%) |
104 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| bluetooth (<1%) --> nfc (<1%) |
104 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| rose (1%) --> x25 (1%) |
92 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| core (<1%) --> nfc (<1%) |
84 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| bluetooth (<1%) --> ipv4 (<1%) |
78 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| bluetooth (<1%) --> ieee802154 (<1%) |
78 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| batman-adv (<1%) --> nfc (<1%) |
78 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| bluetooth (<1%) --> dccp (<1%) |
78 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| batman-adv (<1%) --> wireless (<1%) |
78 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| appletalk (1%) --> core (<1%) |
75 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| core (<1%) --> ipv6 (<1%) |
72 | 13 file pairs | details... |
| core (<1%) --> wireless (<1%) |
72 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| netrom (1%) --> x25 (1%) |
66 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| batman-adv (<1%) --> ieee802154 (<1%) |
66 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ipv4 (<1%) --> sctp (<1%) |
63 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| decnet (<1%) --> ipv4 (<1%) |
58 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| mac80211 (<1%) --> mac802154 (1%) |
57 | 1 file pair | details... |
| decnet (<1%) --> ipv6 (<1%) |
56 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| bridge (<1%) --> ipv4 (<1%) |
52 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| key (<1%) --> xfrm (<1%) |
52 | 2 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 50 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 81 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 1006:1112 (10%)1048:1154 (9%) | view | |
| 63 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 1139:1221 (6%)1685:1767 (5%) | view | |
| 56 | x 2 | ipv6/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 31:112 (26%)125:200 (26%) | view | |
| 49 | x 2 | netfilter/ipsetnetfilter/ipset | 129:195 (19%)136:202 (18%) | view | |
| 48 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 454:525 (5%)489:560 (5%) | view | |
| 47 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 572:635 (5%)607:670 (5%) | view | |
| 46 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 390:458 (3%)408:476 (3%) | view | |
| 44 | x 2 | ipv4ipv4 | 1585:1635 (2%)1660:1710 (2%) | view | |
| 44 | x 2 | ipv6ipv6 | 1854:1904 (2%)1929:1979 (2%) | view | |
| 39 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 1720:1778 (2%)1729:1784 (2%) | view | |
| 37 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 1114:1162 (2%)1131:1179 (2%) | view | |
| 36 | x 2 | corecore | 2870:2918 (1%)2998:3046 (1%) | view | |
| 35 | x 2 | netromrose | 766:816 (3%)876:927 (3%) | view | |
| 33 | x 2 | mac80211wireless | 28:60 (17%)173:205 (6%) | view | |
| 33 | x 2 | netfilter/ipsetnetfilter/ipset | 522:555 (8%)578:611 (7%) | view | |
| 32 | x 2 | ipv6ipv6 | 188:223 (<1%)248:283 (<1%) | view | |
| 32 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 80:131 (3%)97:148 (3%) | view | |
| 32 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 89:142 (38%)85:138 (22%) | view | |
| 32 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 697:742 (2%)714:759 (2%) | view | |
| 32 | x 2 | batman-advbatman-adv | 704:745 (4%)1288:1329 (4%) | view | |
| 31 | x 2 | netfilter/ipsetnetfilter/ipset | 464:508 (8%)418:462 (9%) | view | |
| 31 | x 2 | netfilter/ipsetnetfilter/ipset | 418:462 (9%)520:564 (7%) | view | |
| 31 | x 2 | netfilter/ipsetnetfilter/ipset | 464:508 (8%)520:564 (7%) | view | |
| 31 | x 2 | sunrpcsunrpc | 965:995 (4%)998:1028 (4%) | view | |
| 30 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv4/netfilter | 344:385 (2%)408:449 (2%) | view | |
| 30 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 344:385 (2%)426:467 (2%) | view | |
| 30 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 1934:1975 (1%)2376:2417 (<1%) | view | |
| 29 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 557:597 (2%)714:754 (2%) | view | |
| 29 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 1498:1535 (2%)1507:1544 (2%) | view | |
| 29 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 1257:1294 (2%)1507:1544 (2%) | view | |
| 29 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 959:996 (2%)1131:1168 (2%) | view | |
| 29 | x 2 | ax25ax25 | 221:258 (9%)376:413 (9%) | view | |
| 29 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv4/netfilter | 557:597 (2%)697:737 (2%) | view | |
| 29 | x 2 | sctpsctp | 290:328 (3%)679:717 (3%) | view | |
| 29 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv4/netfilter | 959:996 (2%)1114:1151 (2%) | view | |
| 29 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv4/netfilter | 1257:1294 (2%)1498:1535 (2%) | view | |
| 28 | x 2 | xfrmxfrm | 102:129 (5%)2802:2829 (1%) | view | |
| 28 | x 2 | corecore | 4889:4927 (<1%)4966:5004 (<1%) | view | |
| 28 | x 2 | netromrose | 720:762 (2%)829:872 (2%) | view | |
| 28 | x 2 | netfilter/ipsetnetfilter/ipset | 298:337 (11%)313:352 (10%) | view | |
| 27 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 1411:1444 (2%)1426:1459 (2%) | view | |
| 26 | x 2 | corecore | 9404:9429 (<1%)9445:9470 (<1%) | view | |
| 26 | x 2 | netfilter/ipvsnetfilter/ipvs | 55:104 (5%)45:92 (8%) | view | |
| 26 | x 2 | sctpsctp | 4193:4230 (<1%)4260:4297 (<1%) | view | |
| 26 | x 2 | l2tpl2tp | 122:165 (6%)135:178 (5%) | view | |
| 26 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 748:778 (<1%)2694:2724 (<1%) | view | |
| 26 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 198:242 (3%)215:259 (3%) | view | |
| 25 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 265:301 (3%)301:337 (3%) | view | |
| 25 | x 2 | xfrmxfrm | 214:239 (1%)259:284 (1%) | view | |
| 25 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 568:596 (<1%)744:772 (<1%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 50 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 75 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 1045:1136 1087:1178 | view | |
| 24 | x 3 | ipv4ipv6ipv6 | 452:483 1991:2022 1546:1577 | view | |
| 24 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 1239:1270 1931:1962 | view | |
| 23 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 1014:1043 1056:1085 | view | |
| 20 | x 2 | llcllc | 585:607 621:643 | view | |
| 20 | x 2 | llcllc | 718:740 742:764 | view | |
| 19 | x 2 | bluetoothbluetooth | 474:511 861:897 | view | |
| 19 | x 2 | sctpsctp | 2323:2362 2639:2678 | view | |
| 15 | x 2 | ipv4/netfilteripv6/netfilter | 86:103 109:127 | view | |
| 14 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 1135:1150 1152:1167 | view | |
| 14 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 46:64 44:62 | view | |
| 14 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 98:118 115:135 | view | |
| 14 | x 2 | bluetoothbluetooth | 1944:1962 704:722 | view | |
| 12 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 19:32 50:63 | view | |
| 12 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 37:52 853:868 | view | |
| 12 | x 2 | bluetoothbluetooth | 2396:2412 1787:1803 | view | |
| 11 | x 2 | sctpsctp | 4807:4819 4870:4882 | view | |
| 10 | x 2 | ieee802154ieee802154 | 343:355 752:764 | view | |
| 10 | x 2 | atmatm | 71:81 83:93 | view | |
| 10 | x 4 | schedschedschedsched | 522:532 580:590 658:668 1254:1264 | view | |
| 10 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 31:44 29:42 | view | |
| 10 | x 2 | xfrmxfrm | 2819:2830 2833:2844 | view | |
| 10 | x 2 | bluetoothbluetooth | 513:534 838:859 | view | |
| 10 | x 2 | mac80211mac80211 | 382:392 620:630 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 1637:1648 4919:4930 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 668:679 332:343 | view | |
| 9 | x 2 | sctpsctp | 1728:1740 1783:1795 | view | |
| 8 | x 3 | ieee802154mctpphonet | 80:89 24:34 28:37 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | coremptcp | 3112:3121 1584:1593 | view | |
| 8 | x 3 | vmw_vsockvmw_vsockvmw_vsock | 366:375 377:386 633:642 | view | |
| 8 | x 4 | netfilternetfilternetfilternetfilter | 102:111 132:141 38:47 266:275 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 158:166 739:747 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | keyxfrm | 3106:3115 1999:2009 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | rxrpcrxrpc | 50:59 61:70 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | nfcnfc | 635:645 1393:1403 | view | |
| 8 | x 2 | mac80211mac80211 | 395:403 632:640 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | mplsnetfilter | 119:128 221:230 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | coresctp | 183:190 1558:1565 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | decnetdecnet | 825:835 837:847 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 211:218 198:205 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 223:236 240:253 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 285:293 321:329 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 545:553 79:87 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 540:549 738:747 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | ipv4ipv6 | 102:110 100:108 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | bluetoothbluetooth | 2182:2191 2253:2262 | view | |
| 7 | x 2 | bluetoothbluetooth | 434:443 1853:1862 | view | |
| 6 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 61:69 34:42 | view | |
| 6 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 2055:2063 1318:1326 | view | |
| 6 | x 2 | netfilternetfilter | 224:231 7211:7218 | view |