ext/Objects/typeobject-test.cpp

// Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. (http://www.facebook.com)
#include "Python.h"
#include "gtest/gtest.h"
#include "structmember.h"

#include "capi-fixture.h"
#include "capi-testing.h"

namespace py {
namespace testing {

using TypeExtensionApiTest = ExtensionApi;
using TypeExtensionApiDeathTest = ExtensionApi;

// Common deallocation function for types with only primitive members
static void deallocLeafObject(PyObject* self) {
  PyTypeObject* type = Py_TYPE(self);
  PyObject_Del(self);
  Py_DECREF(type);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, PyTypeCheckOnLong) {
  PyObjectPtr pylong(PyLong_FromLong(10));
  EXPECT_FALSE(PyType_Check(pylong));
  EXPECT_FALSE(PyType_CheckExact(pylong));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, PyTypeCheckOnType) {
  PyObjectPtr pylong(PyLong_FromLong(10));
  PyObjectPtr pylong_type(PyObject_Type(pylong));
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_Check(pylong_type));
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(pylong_type));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       PyTypeGenericNewWithTypeWithoutNativeDataReturnsPyObject) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(PyType_GenericNew)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr ext_type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(ext_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(ext_type));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new),
            reinterpret_cast<void*>(PyType_GenericNew));
  auto new_slot = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(
      PyType_GetSlot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new));
  PyObjectPtr args(PyTuple_New(0));
  PyObjectPtr kwargs(PyDict_New());
  PyObjectPtr result(new_slot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), args, kwargs));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_IsInstance(result, ext_type), 1);

  // Ensure that a managed subtype of the native type can be created
  // via its __new__ function.
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "Bar", ext_type);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class SubBar(Bar):
  pass

s = SubBar()
)"),
            0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiDeathTest, GetFlagsFromManagedTypePyro) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(class Foo: pass)");
  PyObjectPtr foo_type(testing::mainModuleGet("Foo"));
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(foo_type));
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PyType_GetFlags(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(foo_type.get())),
      "unimplemented: GetFlags from types initialized through Python code");
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetFlagsFromExtensionTypeReturnsSetFlags) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(type));

  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_GetFlags(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get())) &
              Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_GetFlags(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get())) &
              Py_TPFLAGS_READY);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_GetFlags(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get())) &
              Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecCreatesRuntimeType) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(type));

  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "Empty", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString("x = Empty");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("x"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(result));
  PyObjectPtr module(PyObject_GetAttrString(result, "__module__"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(module, "foo"));
  PyObjectPtr name(PyObject_GetAttrString(result, "__name__"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(name, "Bar"));
  PyObjectPtr qualname(PyObject_GetAttrString(result, "__qualname__"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(qualname, "Bar"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithInvalidSlotRaisesError) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {-1, nullptr},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_FromSpec(&spec), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_RuntimeError));
  // TODO(eelizondo): Check that error matches with "invalid slot offset"
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithZeroBasicSizeAndItemSetsTpNewOfManagedTypePyro) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr ext_type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(ext_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(ext_type));

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(class D: pass)");
  PyObjectPtr managed_type(mainModuleGet("D"));
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(managed_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new), nullptr);

  // Instances of `ext_type` does not cause any memory leak.
  auto new_slot = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(
      PyType_GetSlot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new));
  PyObjectPtr args(PyTuple_New(0));
  PyObjectPtr kwargs(PyDict_New());
  PyObjectPtr result(new_slot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), args, kwargs));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_IsInstance(result, ext_type), 1);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithNonZeroBasicSizeAndItemSetsCustomTpNewPyro) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  struct BarState {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int foo;
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", sizeof(BarState), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr ext_type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(ext_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(ext_type));

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(class D: pass)");
  PyObjectPtr managed_type(mainModuleGet("D"));
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(managed_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new), nullptr);
  EXPECT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(managed_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new),
            PyType_GetSlot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new));

  // Instances of `ext_type` does not cause any memory leak.
  auto new_slot = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(
      PyType_GetSlot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new));
  PyObjectPtr args(PyTuple_New(0));
  PyObjectPtr kwargs(PyDict_New());
  PyObjectPtr result(new_slot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), args, kwargs));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_IsInstance(result, ext_type), 1);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallExtensionTypeReturnsExtensionInstancePyro) {
  struct BarObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int value;
  };
  newfunc new_func = [](PyTypeObject* type, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    void* slot = PyType_GetSlot(type, Py_tp_alloc);
    return reinterpret_cast<allocfunc>(slot)(type, 0);
  };
  initproc init_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self)->value = 30;
    return 0;
  };
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_alloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(PyType_GenericAlloc)},
      {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(new_func)},
      {Py_tp_init, reinterpret_cast<void*>(init_func)},
      {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(deallocLeafObject)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", sizeof(BarObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(type));

  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "Bar", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
bar = Bar()
)");

  PyObjectPtr bar(testing::mainModuleGet("bar"));
  ASSERT_NE(bar, nullptr);
  BarObject* barobj = reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(bar.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(barobj->value, 30);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GenericAllocationReturnsMallocMemory) {
  // These numbers determine the allocated size of the PyObject
  // The values in this test are abitrary and are usally set with `sizeof(Foo)`
  int basic_size = sizeof(PyObject) + 10;
  int item_size = 5;
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(deallocLeafObject)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", basic_size, item_size, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(type));

  PyObjectPtr result(PyType_GenericAlloc(
      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get()), item_size));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_GE(Py_REFCNT(result), 1);  // CPython
  ASSERT_LE(Py_REFCNT(result), 2);  // Pyro
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_SIZE(result.get()), item_size);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSlotTpNewOnManagedTypeReturnsSlot) {
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Foo:
  def __new__(ty, a, b, c, d):
    obj = super().__new__(ty)
    obj.args = (a, b, c, d)
    return obj
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr foo(mainModuleGet("Foo"));
  auto new_slot =
      reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(foo.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new));
  ASSERT_NE(new_slot, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr one(PyLong_FromLong(1));
  PyObjectPtr two(PyLong_FromLong(2));
  PyObjectPtr cee(PyUnicode_FromString("cee"));
  PyObjectPtr dee(PyUnicode_FromString("dee"));
  PyObjectPtr args(PyTuple_Pack(2, one.get(), two.get()));
  PyObjectPtr kwargs(PyDict_New());
  PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "d", dee);
  PyDict_SetItemString(kwargs, "c", cee);

  PyObjectPtr result(new_slot(foo.asTypeObject(), args, kwargs));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyObject_IsInstance(result, foo), 1);
  PyObjectPtr obj_args(PyObject_GetAttrString(result, "args"));
  ASSERT_NE(obj_args, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(obj_args), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(obj_args), 4);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(obj_args, 0), 1));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(obj_args, 1), 2));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(obj_args, 2), "cee"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(obj_args, 3), "dee"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, IsSubtypeWithSameTypeReturnsTrue) {
  PyObjectPtr pylong(PyLong_FromLong(10));
  PyObjectPtr pylong_type(PyObject_Type(pylong));
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PyType_IsSubtype(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pylong_type.get()),
                       reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pylong_type.get())));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, IsSubtypeWithSubtypeReturnsTrue) {
  EXPECT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString("class MyFloat(float): pass"), 0);
  PyObjectPtr pyfloat(PyFloat_FromDouble(1.23));
  PyObjectPtr pyfloat_type(PyObject_Type(pyfloat));
  PyObjectPtr myfloat_type(mainModuleGet("MyFloat"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(
      PyType_IsSubtype(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(myfloat_type.get()),
                       reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pyfloat_type.get())));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, IsSubtypeWithDifferentTypesReturnsFalse) {
  PyObjectPtr pylong(PyLong_FromLong(10));
  PyObjectPtr pylong_type(PyObject_Type(pylong));
  PyObjectPtr pyuni(PyUnicode_FromString("string"));
  PyObjectPtr pyuni_type(PyObject_Type(pyuni));
  EXPECT_FALSE(
      PyType_IsSubtype(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pylong_type.get()),
                       reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pyuni_type.get())));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, PyTypeModifiedWithHeapTypeDoesNothing) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class C:
  pass
)");
  PyObjectPtr c(mainModuleGet("C"));
  PyType_Modified(c.asTypeObject());
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSlotFromBuiltinTypeRaisesSystemError) {
  PyObjectPtr pylong(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  PyObjectPtr pylong_type(PyObject_Type(pylong));
  ASSERT_TRUE(
      PyType_CheckExact(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pylong_type.get())));

  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pylong_type.get()),
                           Py_tp_init),
            nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemError));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiDeathTest,
       GetSlotFromManagedTypeReturnsFunctionPointerPyro) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        pass
  )");

  PyObjectPtr foo_type(testing::mainModuleGet("Foo"));
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(foo_type));
  EXPECT_DEATH(PyType_GetSlot(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(foo_type.get()),
                              Py_tp_init),
               "Unsupported default slot");
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetUnsupportedSlotFromManagedTypeAbortsPyro) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Foo: pass
  )");

  PyObjectPtr foo_type(testing::mainModuleGet("Foo"));
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(foo_type));
  EXPECT_DEATH(
      PyType_GetSlot(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(foo_type.get()), Py_nb_or),
      "Unsupported default slot");
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSetDescriptorTypeMatchesPyTpGetSet) {
  struct BarObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    long attribute;
  };

  getter attribute_getter = [](PyObject* self, void*) {
    return PyLong_FromLong(reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self)->attribute);
  };

  setter attribute_setter = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* value, void*) {
    reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self)->attribute = PyLong_AsLong(value);
    return 0;
  };

  static PyGetSetDef getsets[2];
  getsets[0] = {"attribute", attribute_getter, attribute_setter};
  getsets[1] = {nullptr};

  static PyType_Slot slots[2];
  slots[0] = {Py_tp_getset, reinterpret_cast<void*>(getsets)};
  slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Bar", sizeof(BarObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "Bar", type), 0);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
import types
descrType = types.GetSetDescriptorType
tpType = type(Bar.__dict__['attribute'])
)");
  PyObjectPtr descr_type(testing::mainModuleGet("descrType"));
  PyObjectPtr tp_type(testing::mainModuleGet("tpType"));
  ASSERT_EQ(descr_type, tp_type);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSlotFromNegativeSlotRaisesSystemError) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Foo: pass
  )");

  PyObjectPtr foo_type(testing::mainModuleGet("Foo"));
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(foo_type));

  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(foo_type.get()), -1),
            nullptr);

  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemError));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSlotFromLargerThanMaxSlotReturnsNull) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Foo: pass
  )");

  PyObjectPtr foo_type(testing::mainModuleGet("Foo"));
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(foo_type));

  EXPECT_EQ(
      PyType_GetSlot(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(foo_type.get()), 1000),
      nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSlotFromExtensionType) {
  newfunc new_func = [](PyTypeObject* type, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    void* slot = PyType_GetSlot(type, Py_tp_alloc);
    return reinterpret_cast<allocfunc>(slot)(type, 0);
  };
  initproc init_func = [](PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) { return 0; };
  binaryfunc add_func = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(7); };
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_alloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(PyType_GenericAlloc)},
      {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(new_func)},
      {Py_tp_init, reinterpret_cast<void*>(init_func)},
      {Py_nb_add, reinterpret_cast<void*>(add_func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(type));

  PyTypeObject* typeobj = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(typeobj, Py_tp_alloc),
            reinterpret_cast<void*>(PyType_GenericAlloc));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(typeobj, Py_tp_new),
            reinterpret_cast<void*>(new_func));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(typeobj, Py_tp_init),
            reinterpret_cast<void*>(init_func));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(typeobj, Py_nb_add),
            reinterpret_cast<void*>(add_func));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, DunderBasicsizeWithExtensionTypeReturnsBasicsize) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  int size = sizeof(PyObject) + 13;
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", size, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr basicsize(PyObject_GetAttrString(type, "__basicsize__"));
  ASSERT_NE(basicsize, nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(basicsize, size));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       DunderBasicsizeExtensionTypeWithZeroSizeReturnsBasicsize) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr basicsize(PyObject_GetAttrString(type, "__basicsize__"));
  ASSERT_NE(basicsize, nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(basicsize, sizeof(PyObject)));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       DunderBasicsizeExtensionTypeWithHeadSizeReturnsBasicsize) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", sizeof(PyObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr basicsize(PyObject_GetAttrString(type, "__basicsize__"));
  ASSERT_NE(basicsize, nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(basicsize, sizeof(PyObject)));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       MembersWithoutDunderDictoffsetReturnsTypeWithoutDunderDict) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {"foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots};
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);

  // Cannot set arbitrary attributes on instances.
  PyObjectPtr instance(PyObject_CallObject(type, nullptr));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr value(PyUnicode_FromString("world"));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_SetAttrString(instance, "hello", value), -1);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError));
  PyErr_Clear();

  // Has no `__dict__`.
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_GetAttrString(instance, "__dict__"), nullptr);
  PyErr_Clear();
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       MembersWithDunderDictoffsetReturnsTypeWithDunderDict) {
  struct BarObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    PyObject* dict;
  };
  static PyMemberDef members[2];
  members[0] = {"__dictoffset__", T_PYSSIZET, offsetof(BarObject, dict),
                READONLY};
  members[1] = {nullptr};

  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_members, members},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {"foo.Bar", 0, sizeof(BarObject), Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots};
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);

  // Can set arbitrary attributes on instances.
  PyObjectPtr instance(PyObject_CallObject(type, nullptr));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr value(PyUnicode_FromString("world"));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_SetAttrString(instance, "hello", value), 0);
  PyObjectPtr item(PyObject_GetAttrString(instance, "hello"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(item, "world"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberDescriptorTypeMatchesPyTpMembers) {
  struct BarObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int value;
  };

  static PyMemberDef members[2];
  members[0] = {"value", T_INT, offsetof(BarObject, value)};
  members[1] = {nullptr};

  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_members, const_cast<PyMemberDef*>(members)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.Bar",
      sizeof(BarObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
      const_cast<PyType_Slot*>(slots),
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "Bar", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
import types
descrType = types.MemberDescriptorType
tpType = type(Bar.__dict__['value'])
)");
  PyObjectPtr descr_type(testing::mainModuleGet("descrType"));
  PyObjectPtr tp_type(testing::mainModuleGet("tpType"));
  ASSERT_EQ(descr_type, tp_type);
}

// METH_NOARGS and CALL_FUNCTION

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethNoargsPosCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(1234); };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"noargs", meth, METH_NOARGS}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
result = C().noargs()
)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(result), 1234);
}

// METH_NOARGS | METH_CLASS | METH_STATIC and CALL_FUNCTION

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsClassAndStaticRaisesValueError) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(1234); };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"noargs", meth, METH_NOARGS | METH_CLASS | METH_STATIC}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_FromSpec(&spec), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ValueError));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       MethodsWithTypeSlotNameCoExistGetsResolvedForFunctionCall) {
  newfunc new_func = [](PyTypeObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    return PyLong_FromLong(100);
  };
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(200); };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"__new__", meth, METH_NOARGS | METH_STATIC | METH_COEXIST}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(new_func)},
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new)),
      new_func);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
result = C.__new__()
)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::moduleGet("__main__", "result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(result), 200);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsWithTypeSlotNameClassAndStaticGetsIgnored) {
  newfunc new_func = [](PyTypeObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    return PyLong_FromLong(100);
  };
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(200); };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"__new__", meth, METH_NOARGS | METH_STATIC},
                                  {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(new_func)},
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new)),
      new_func);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
result = C.__new__(C)
)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::moduleGet("__main__", "result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(result), 100);
}

// METH_NOARGS and CALL_FUNCTION_EX

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethNoargsExCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(1234); };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"noargs", meth, METH_NOARGS}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
result = C().noargs(*[])
)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(result), 1234);
}

// METH_NOARGS and CALL_FUNCTION_EX with VARKEYWORDS

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethNoargsExNoKwargsCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(1234); };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"noargs", meth, METH_NOARGS}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
result = C().noargs(*[],**{})
)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(result), 1234);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethNoargsExHasKwargsRaisesTypeError) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(1234); };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"noargs", meth, METH_NOARGS}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = False
try:
  self.noargs(*[],**{'foo': 'bar'})
except:
  result = True
)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_EQ(result, Py_True);
}

// METH_O and CALL_FUNCTION

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgPosCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.onearg(1234)
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1)), 1234);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgNoArgsRaisesTypeError) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    ADD_FAILURE();  // unreachable
    return Py_None;
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
result = False
self = C()
try:
  self.onearg()
except TypeError:
  result = True
)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_True);
}

// METH_O | METH_CLASS and CALL_FUNCTION

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgClassPosCallOnClass) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* cls, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, cls, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O | METH_CLASS},
                                  {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString("result = C.onearg(1234)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), type);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 1234));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgClassPosCallOnInstance) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* cls, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, cls, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O | METH_CLASS},
                                  {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString("result = C().onearg(1234)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), type);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 1234));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgClassPosCallOnSubclass) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* cls, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, cls, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O | METH_CLASS},
                                  {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class D(C):
  pass
result0 = D.onearg(1234)
result1 = D().onearg(5678)
)");
  PyObjectPtr d(testing::mainModuleGet("D"));
  PyObjectPtr result0(testing::mainModuleGet("result0"));
  ASSERT_NE(result0, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result0), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result0), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result0, 0), d);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result0, 1), 1234));
  PyObjectPtr result1(testing::mainModuleGet("result1"));
  ASSERT_NE(result1, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result1), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result1), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result1, 0), d);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result1, 1), 5678));
}

// METH_O | METH_STATIC

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgStaticCalledOnClass) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    EXPECT_EQ(self, nullptr);
    Py_INCREF(arg);
    return arg;
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O | METH_STATIC},
                                  {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString("result = C.onearg(1234)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(result, 1234));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgStaticCalledOnInstance) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    EXPECT_EQ(self, nullptr);
    Py_INCREF(arg);
    return arg;
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O | METH_STATIC},
                                  {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString("result = C().onearg(1234)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(result, 1234));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgStaticCalledOnSubclass) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    EXPECT_EQ(self, nullptr);
    Py_INCREF(arg);
    return arg;
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O | METH_STATIC},
                                  {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class D(C):
  pass
result0 = D.onearg(1234)
result1 = D().onearg(5678)
)");
  PyObjectPtr result0(testing::mainModuleGet("result0"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(result0, 1234));
  PyObjectPtr result1(testing::mainModuleGet("result1"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(result1, 5678));
}

// METH_O and CALL_FUNCTION_KW

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgKwCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    ADD_FAILURE();  // unreachable
    return Py_None;
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
try:
  obj = C().onearg(foo=1234)
  result = False
except TypeError:
  result = True
)"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_True);
}

// METH_O and CALL_FUNCTION_EX

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethOneArgExCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"onearg", meth, METH_O}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
obj = C()
result = obj.onearg(*[1234])
)");
  PyObjectPtr obj(testing::mainModuleGet("obj"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), obj);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1)), 1234);
}

// METH_VARARGS and CALL_FUNCTION

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsVarargsArgPosCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"varargs", meth, METH_VARARGS}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.varargs(1234)
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  PyObject* args = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyTuple_CheckExact(args));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0)), 1234);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsVarargsArgPosNoArgsCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"varargs", meth, METH_VARARGS}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.varargs()
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  PyObject* args = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyTuple_CheckExact(args));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(args), 0);
}

// METH_VARARGS and CALL_FUNCTION_KW

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsVarargsArgKwCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"varargs", meth, METH_VARARGS}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
try:
  obj = C().varargs(foo=1234)
  result = False
except TypeError:
  result = True
)");
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_True);
}

// METH_VARARGS and CALL_FUNCTION_EX

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsVarargsArgExCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"varargs", meth, METH_VARARGS}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.varargs(*[1234])
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  PyObject* args = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyTuple_CheckExact(args));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0)), 1234);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsVarargsArgExHasEmptyKwargsCall) {
  binaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* arg) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, arg);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {{"varargs", meth, METH_VARARGS}, {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.varargs(*[1234], **{})
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  PyObject* args = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyTuple_CheckExact(args));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0)), 1234);
}

// METH_KEYWORDS and CALL_FUNCTION

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethKeywordsPosCall) {
  ternaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
    if (kwargs == nullptr) return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, args);
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, args, kwargs);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"keywords", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };

  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.keywords(1234)
)");

  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);

  PyObject* args = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyTuple_CheckExact(args));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(args), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0)), 1234);
}

// METH_KEYWORDS and CALL_FUNCTION_KW

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethKeywordsKwCall) {
  ternaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
    if (kwargs == nullptr) return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, args);
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, args, kwargs);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"keywords", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };

  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.keywords(1234, kwarg=5678)
)");

  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);

  PyObject* args = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyTuple_CheckExact(args));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(args), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0)), 1234);

  PyObject* kwargs = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 2);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyDict_Size(kwargs), 1);
  PyObject* item = PyDict_GetItemString(kwargs, "kwarg");
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(item, 5678));
}

// METH_KEYWORDS and CALL_FUNCTION_EX

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethKeywordsExCall) {
  ternaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, args, kwargs);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"keywords", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };

  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.keywords(*[1234], kwarg=5678)
)");

  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);

  PyObject* args = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyTuple_CheckExact(args));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(args), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0)), 1234);

  PyObject* kwargs = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 2);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyDict_Size(kwargs), 1);
  PyObject* item = PyDict_GetItemString(kwargs, "kwarg");
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(item, 5678));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethKeywordsExEmptyKwargsCall) {
  ternaryfunc meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
    if (kwargs == nullptr) return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, args);
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, args, kwargs);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"keywords", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };

  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.keywords(*[1234], *{})
)");

  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);

  PyObject* args = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyTuple_CheckExact(args));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(args), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0)), 1234);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetObjectCreatedInManagedCode) {
  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Foo", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "Foo", type), 0);

  // This is similar to CallExtensionTypeReturnsExtensionInstancePyro, but it
  // tests the RawObject -> PyObject* path for objects that were created on the
  // managed heap and had no corresponding PyObject* before the call to
  // moduleGet().
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString("f = Foo()"), 0);
  PyObjectPtr foo(mainModuleGet("f"));
  EXPECT_NE(foo, nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GenericNewReturnsExtensionInstance) {
  struct BarObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
  };
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_alloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(PyType_GenericAlloc)},
      {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(PyType_GenericNew)},
      {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(deallocLeafObject)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", sizeof(BarObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(type));

  auto new_func = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(
      PyType_GetSlot(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get()), Py_tp_new));
  PyObjectPtr bar(
      new_func(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get()), nullptr, nullptr));
  EXPECT_NE(bar, nullptr);
}

// Given one slot id and a function pointer to go with it, create a Bar type
// containing that slot.
template <typename T>
static void createTypeWithSlotAndBase(const char* type_name, int slot, T pfunc,
                                      PyObject* base) {
  static PyType_Slot slots[2];
  slots[0] = {slot, reinterpret_cast<void*>(pfunc)};
  slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  static char qualname[100];
  std::sprintf(qualname, "__main__.%s", type_name);
  unsigned int flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE;
  spec = {
      qualname, 0, 0, flags, slots,
  };
  PyObject* tp;
  if (base == nullptr) {
    tp = PyType_FromSpec(&spec);
  } else {
    PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base));
    tp = PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases);
  }
  PyObjectPtr type(tp);
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", type_name, type), 0);
}

template <typename T>
static void createTypeWithSlot(const char* type_name, int slot, T pfunc) {
  createTypeWithSlotAndBase(type_name, slot, pfunc, nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallReverseBinarySlotSwapsArguments) {
  binaryfunc add_func = [](PyObject* a, PyObject* b) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, a, b);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_nb_add, add_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
instance = Bar()
left, right = instance.__radd__(12)
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr instance(mainModuleGet("instance"));
  PyObjectPtr left(mainModuleGet("left"));
  PyObjectPtr right(mainModuleGet("right"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(left, 12));
  EXPECT_EQ(right, instance);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallBinarySlotFromManagedCode) {
  binaryfunc add_func = [](PyObject* a, PyObject* b) {
    PyObjectPtr num(PyLong_FromLong(24));
    return PyLong_Check(a) ? PyNumber_Add(a, num) : PyNumber_Add(num, b);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_nb_add, add_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.__add__(12)
r2 = Bar.__add__(b, 24)
r3 = 1000 + b
args = (b, 42)
r4 = Bar.__add__(*args)
kwargs = {}
r5 = b.__add__(100, **kwargs)
b += -12
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, 36));

  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, 48));

  PyObjectPtr r3(mainModuleGet("r3"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r3, 1024));

  PyObjectPtr r4(mainModuleGet("r4"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r4, 66));

  PyObjectPtr r5(mainModuleGet("r5"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r5, 124));

  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(b, 12));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallBinarySlotWithKwargsRaisesTypeError) {
  binaryfunc dummy_add = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) -> PyObject* {
    EXPECT_TRUE(false) << "Shouldn't be called";
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_nb_add, dummy_add));

  // TODO(T40700664): Use PyRun_String() so we can directly inspect the thrown
  // exception(s).
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
try:
  b.__add__(a=2)
  raise RuntimeError("call didn't throw")
except TypeError:
  pass

try:
  kwargs = {'a': 2}
  b.__add__(**kwargs)
  raise RuntimeError("call didn't throw")
except TypeError:
  pass
)"),
            0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallHashSlotFromManagedCode) {
  hashfunc hash_func = [](PyObject*) -> Py_hash_t { return 0xba5eba11; };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_hash, hash_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
h1 = b.__hash__()
h2 = Bar.__hash__(b)
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr h1(mainModuleGet("h1"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(h1, 0xba5eba11));

  PyObjectPtr h2(mainModuleGet("h2"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(h2, 0xba5eba11));
}

static PyObject* abortingTernaryFunc(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
  std::fprintf(stderr, "%s should not have been called!\n", __func__);
  std::abort();
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallCallSlotWithMismatchedSelfRaisesTypeError) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("MyType", Py_tp_call, &abortingTernaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr my_type(mainModuleGet("MyType"));
  PyObjectPtr dunder_call(PyObject_GetAttrString(my_type, "__call__"));
  PyObjectPtr arg(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  PyObjectPtr call_result(
      PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(dunder_call, arg.get(), nullptr));
  EXPECT_EQ(call_result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallNewSlotWithNonTypeClsRaisesTypeError) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("MyType", Py_tp_new, &abortingTernaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr my_type(mainModuleGet("MyType"));
  PyObjectPtr dunder_call(PyObject_GetAttrString(my_type, "__new__"));
  PyObjectPtr arg(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  PyObjectPtr call_result(
      PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(dunder_call, arg.get(), nullptr));
  EXPECT_EQ(call_result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallNewSlotWithNonSubclassClsRaisesTypeError) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("MyType", Py_tp_new, &abortingTernaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr my_type(mainModuleGet("MyType"));
  PyObjectPtr dunder_call(PyObject_GetAttrString(my_type, "__new__"));
  PyObjectPtr arg(borrow(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&PyType_Type)));
  PyObjectPtr call_result(
      PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(dunder_call, arg.get(), nullptr));
  EXPECT_EQ(call_result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallCallSlotFromManagedCode) {
  ternaryfunc call_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, args, kwargs ? kwargs : Py_None);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_call, call_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.__call__()
r2 = b.__call__('a', 'b', c='see')
r3 = b('hello!')
args=(b,"an argument")
r4 = Bar.__call__(*args)
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r1), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r1), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 0), b);
  PyObject* tmp = PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(tmp), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(tmp), 0);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 2), Py_None);

  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r2), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r2), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r2, 0), b);
  tmp = PyTuple_GetItem(r2, 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(tmp), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(tmp), 2);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(tmp, 0), "a"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(tmp, 1), "b"));
  tmp = PyTuple_GetItem(r2, 2);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyDict_Check(tmp), 1);
  PyObjectPtr key(PyUnicode_FromString("c"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyDict_GetItem(tmp, key), "see"));

  PyObjectPtr r3(mainModuleGet("r3"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r3), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r3), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r3, 0), b);
  tmp = PyTuple_GetItem(r3, 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(tmp), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(tmp), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(tmp, 0), "hello!"));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r3, 2), Py_None);

  PyObjectPtr r4(mainModuleGet("r4"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r4), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r4), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r4, 0), b);
  tmp = PyTuple_GetItem(r4, 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(tmp), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(tmp), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(tmp, 0), "an argument"));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r4, 2), Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallGetattroSlotFromManagedCode) {
  getattrofunc getattr_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* name) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, name, self);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_getattro, getattr_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r0 = b.foo_bar

def foo(b):
  return b.bar_baz
r1 = foo(b)
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NE(b, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr r0(mainModuleGet("r0"));
  ASSERT_NE(r0, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r0), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(r0, 0), "foo_bar"));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r0, 1), b);

  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_NE(r1, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 0), "bar_baz"));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r0, 1), b);
}

// Pyro-only due to
// https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/4dcdb78c6ffd203c9d72ef41638cc4a0e3857adf
TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallSetattroSlotFromManagedCodePyro) {
  setattrofunc setattr_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* name,
                                 PyObject* value) {
    PyObjectPtr tuple(value ? PyTuple_Pack(3, self, name, value)
                            : PyTuple_Pack(2, self, name));
    const char* var = value ? "set_attr" : "del_attr";
    moduleSet("__main__", var, tuple);
    return 0;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_setattro, setattr_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.__setattr__("attr", 1234)
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r1, Py_None);
  PyObjectPtr set_attr(mainModuleGet("set_attr"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(set_attr), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(set_attr), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(set_attr, 0), b);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(set_attr, 1), "attr"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(set_attr, 2), 1234));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(r2 = b.__delattr__("other attr"))"), 0);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r2, Py_None);
  PyObjectPtr del_attr(mainModuleGet("del_attr"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(del_attr), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(del_attr), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(del_attr, 0), b);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(del_attr, 1), "other attr"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallRichcompareSlotFromManagedCode) {
  richcmpfunc cmp_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other, int op) {
    PyObjectPtr op_obj(PyLong_FromLong(op));
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, other, op_obj.get());
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_richcompare, cmp_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.__eq__("equal")
r2 = b.__gt__(0xcafe)
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r1), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r1), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 0), b);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 1), "equal"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 2), Py_EQ));

  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r2), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r2), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r2, 0), b);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r2, 1), 0xcafe));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r2, 2), Py_GT));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallNextSlotFromManagedCode) {
  unaryfunc next_func = [](PyObject* self) {
    Py_INCREF(self);
    return self;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_iternext, next_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__next__()
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r, b);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, NextSlotReturningNullRaisesStopIteration) {
  unaryfunc next_func = [](PyObject*) -> PyObject* { return nullptr; };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_iternext, next_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
caught = False
try:
  Bar().__next__()
except StopIteration:
  caught = True
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr caught(mainModuleGet("caught"));
  EXPECT_EQ(caught, Py_True);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDescrGetSlotFromManagedCode) {
  descrgetfunc get_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* instance,
                             PyObject* owner) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, instance, owner);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_descr_get, get_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
b2 = Bar()
r = b.__get__(b2, Bar)
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr bar(mainModuleGet("Bar"));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  PyObjectPtr b2(mainModuleGet("b2"));
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r, 0), b);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r, 1), b2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r, 2), bar);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, DescrGetSlotWithNonesRaisesTypeError) {
  descrgetfunc get_func = [](PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) -> PyObject* {
    EXPECT_TRUE(false) << "Shouldn't be called";
    return nullptr;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_descr_get, get_func));

  // TODO(T40700664): Use PyRun_String() so we can inspect the exception more
  // directly.
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
exc = None
try:
  b.__get__(None, None)
except TypeError as e:
  exc = e
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr exc(mainModuleGet("exc"));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, PyExc_TypeError), 1);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDescrSetSlotFromManagedCode) {
  descrsetfunc set_func = [](PyObject* /* self */, PyObject* obj,
                             PyObject* value) -> int {
    EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(obj, 123));
    EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(value, 456));
    return 0;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_descr_set, set_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
b.__set__(123, 456)
)"),
            0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDescrDeleteSlotFromManagedCode) {
  descrsetfunc set_func = [](PyObject* /* self */, PyObject* obj,
                             PyObject* value) -> int {
    EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(obj, 24));
    EXPECT_EQ(value, nullptr);
    return 0;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_descr_set, set_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
b.__delete__(24)
)"),
            0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallInitSlotFromManagedCode) {
  initproc init_func = [](PyObject* /* self */, PyObject* args,
                          PyObject* kwargs) -> int {
    moduleSet("__main__", "args", args);
    moduleSet("__main__", "kwargs", kwargs);
    return 0;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_init, init_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar.__new__(Bar)
b.__init__(123, four=4)
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr args(mainModuleGet("args"));
  ASSERT_NE(args, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(args), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(args), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(args, 0), 123));

  PyObjectPtr kwargs(mainModuleGet("kwargs"));
  ASSERT_NE(kwargs, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyDict_Check(kwargs), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyDict_Size(kwargs), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyDict_GetItemString(kwargs, "four"), 4));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDelSlotFromManagedCode) {
  destructor del_func = [](PyObject* /* self */) {
    moduleSet("__main__", "called", Py_True);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_del, del_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
bar = Bar()
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr bar_type(mainModuleGet("Bar"));
  PyObject* bar = mainModuleGet("bar");
  auto func = reinterpret_cast<destructor>(PyType_GetSlot(
      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(bar_type.get()), Py_tp_dealloc));
  (*func)(bar);
  PyObjectPtr called(mainModuleGet("called"));
  EXPECT_EQ(called, Py_True);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallTernarySlotFromManagedCode) {
  ternaryfunc pow_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* value, PyObject* mod) {
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, value, mod);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_nb_power, pow_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.__pow__(123, 456)
r2 = b.__pow__(789)
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r1), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r1), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 0), b);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 1), 123));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 2), 456));

  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r2), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r1), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r2, 0), b);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r2, 1), 789));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(r2, 2), Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallInquirySlotFromManagedCode) {
  inquiry bool_func = [](PyObject* self) {
    PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
    EXPECT_EQ(self, b);
    return 1;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_nb_bool, bool_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__bool__()
  )"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r, Py_True);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallObjobjargSlotFromManagedCode) {
  objobjargproc set_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* key, PyObject* value) {
    PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
    EXPECT_EQ(self, b);
    moduleSet("__main__", "key", key);
    moduleSet("__main__", "value", value);
    return 0;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_mp_ass_subscript, set_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__setitem__("some key", "a value")
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r, Py_None);

  PyObjectPtr key(mainModuleGet("key"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(key, "some key"));

  PyObjectPtr value(mainModuleGet("value"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(value, "a value"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallObjobjSlotFromManagedCode) {
  objobjproc contains_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* value) {
    PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
    EXPECT_EQ(self, b);
    moduleSet("__main__", "value", value);
    return 123456;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_sq_contains, contains_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__contains__("a key")
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r, Py_True);

  PyObjectPtr value(mainModuleGet("value"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(value, "a key"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDelitemSlotFromManagedCode) {
  objobjargproc del_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* key, PyObject* value) {
    PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
    EXPECT_EQ(self, b);
    EXPECT_EQ(value, nullptr);
    moduleSet("__main__", "key", key);
    return 0;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_mp_ass_subscript, del_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__delitem__("another key")
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r, Py_None);

  PyObjectPtr key(mainModuleGet("key"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(key, "another key"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallLenSlotFromManagedCode) {
  lenfunc len_func = [](PyObject* self) -> Py_ssize_t {
    PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
    EXPECT_EQ(self, b);
    return 0xdeadbeef;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_sq_length, len_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__len__()
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r, 0xdeadbeef));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallIndexargSlotFromManagedCode) {
  ssizeargfunc mul_func = [](PyObject* self, Py_ssize_t i) {
    PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
    EXPECT_EQ(self, b);
    return PyLong_FromLong(i * 456);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_sq_repeat, mul_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__mul__(123)
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r, 123 * 456));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallSqItemSlotFromManagedCode) {
  ssizeargfunc item_func = [](PyObject* self, Py_ssize_t i) {
    PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
    EXPECT_EQ(self, b);
    return PyLong_FromLong(i + 100);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_sq_item, item_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__getitem__(1337)
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r, 1337 + 100));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallSqSetitemSlotFromManagedCode) {
  ssizeobjargproc set_func = [](PyObject* self, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject* value) {
    PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
    EXPECT_EQ(self, b);
    PyObjectPtr key(PyLong_FromLong(i));
    moduleSet("__main__", "key", key);
    moduleSet("__main__", "value", value);
    return 0;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_sq_ass_item, set_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__setitem__(123, 456)
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r, Py_None);

  PyObjectPtr key(mainModuleGet("key"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(key, 123));

  PyObjectPtr value(mainModuleGet("value"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(value, 456));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallSqDelitemSlotFromManagedCode) {
  ssizeobjargproc del_func = [](PyObject* self, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject* value) {
    PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
    EXPECT_EQ(self, b);
    PyObjectPtr key(PyLong_FromLong(i));
    moduleSet("__main__", "key", key);
    EXPECT_EQ(value, nullptr);
    return 0;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_sq_ass_item, del_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__delitem__(7890)
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r, Py_None);

  PyObjectPtr key(mainModuleGet("key"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(key, 7890));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, HashNotImplementedSlotSetsNoneDunderHash) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_hash, PyObject_HashNotImplemented));
  PyObjectPtr bar(mainModuleGet("Bar"));
  PyObjectPtr hash(PyObject_GetAttrString(bar, "__hash__"));
  EXPECT_EQ(hash, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallNewSlotFromManagedCode) {
  ternaryfunc new_func = [](PyObject* type, PyObject* args, PyObject* kwargs) {
    PyObjectPtr name(PyObject_GetAttrString(type, "__name__"));
    EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(name, "Bar"));
    EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(args), 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(kwargs, nullptr);
    Py_INCREF(args);
    return args;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_new, new_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
r0 = Bar.__new__(Bar, 1, 2, 3)
r1 = Bar(1, 2, 3)
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r0(mainModuleGet("r0"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r0), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r0), 3);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r0, 0), 1));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r0, 1), 2));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r0, 2), 3));

  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r1), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r1), 3);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 0), 1));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 1), 2));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(r1, 2), 3));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, NbAddSlotTakesPrecedenceOverSqConcatSlot) {
  binaryfunc add_func = [](PyObject* /* self */, PyObject* obj) {
    EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(obj, "foo"));
    return PyLong_FromLong(0xf00);
  };
  binaryfunc concat_func = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) -> PyObject* {
    std::abort();
  };
  static PyType_Slot slots[3];
  // Both of these slots map to __add__. nb_add appears in slotdefs first, so it
  // wins.
  slots[0] = {Py_nb_add, reinterpret_cast<void*>(add_func)};
  slots[1] = {Py_sq_concat, reinterpret_cast<void*>(concat_func)};
  slots[2] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "Bar", type), 0);

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r = b.__add__("foo")
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r(mainModuleGet("r"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r, 0xf00));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TypeSlotPropagatesException) {
  binaryfunc add_func = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) -> PyObject* {
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "hello, there!");
    return nullptr;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_nb_add, add_func));

  // TODO(T40700664): Use PyRun_String() so we can inspect the exception more
  // directly.
  EXPECT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
exc = None
try:
  Bar().__add__(1)
except RuntimeError as e:
  exc = e
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr exc(mainModuleGet("exc"));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, PyExc_RuntimeError), 1);
}

typedef void (*verifyfunc)(PyObject*);
static verifyfunc createBarTypeWithMembers() {
  struct BarObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    char t_bool;
    char t_byte;
    unsigned char t_ubyte;
    short t_short;
    unsigned short t_ushort;
    int t_int;
    unsigned int t_uint;
    long t_long;
    unsigned long t_ulong;
    Py_ssize_t t_pyssizet;
    float t_float;
    double t_double;
    const char* t_string;
    char t_char;
    PyObject* t_object;
    PyObject* t_object_null;
    long long t_longlong;
    unsigned long long t_ulonglong;
  };

  static const PyMemberDef members[] = {
      {"t_bool", T_BOOL, offsetof(BarObject, t_bool)},
      {"t_byte", T_BYTE, offsetof(BarObject, t_byte)},
      {"t_ubyte", T_UBYTE, offsetof(BarObject, t_ubyte)},
      {"t_short", T_SHORT, offsetof(BarObject, t_short)},
      {"t_ushort", T_USHORT, offsetof(BarObject, t_ushort)},
      {"t_int", T_INT, offsetof(BarObject, t_int)},
      {"t_uint", T_UINT, offsetof(BarObject, t_uint)},
      {"t_long", T_LONG, offsetof(BarObject, t_long)},
      {"t_ulong", T_ULONG, offsetof(BarObject, t_ulong)},
      {"t_pyssize", T_PYSSIZET, offsetof(BarObject, t_pyssizet)},
      {"t_float", T_FLOAT, offsetof(BarObject, t_float)},
      {"t_double", T_DOUBLE, offsetof(BarObject, t_double)},
      {"t_string", T_STRING, offsetof(BarObject, t_string)},
      {"t_char", T_CHAR, offsetof(BarObject, t_char)},
      {"t_object", T_OBJECT, offsetof(BarObject, t_object)},
      {"t_object_null", T_OBJECT, offsetof(BarObject, t_object_null)},
      {"t_objectex", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(BarObject, t_object)},
      {"t_objectex_null", T_OBJECT_EX, offsetof(BarObject, t_object_null)},
      {"t_longlong", T_LONGLONG, offsetof(BarObject, t_longlong)},
      {"t_ulonglong", T_ULONGLONG, offsetof(BarObject, t_ulonglong)},
      {"t_int_readonly", T_INT, offsetof(BarObject, t_int), READONLY},
      {nullptr},
  };
  newfunc new_func = [](PyTypeObject* type, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    void* slot = PyType_GetSlot(type, Py_tp_alloc);
    return reinterpret_cast<allocfunc>(slot)(type, 0);
  };
  freefunc dealloc_func = [](void* self_ptr) {
    PyObject* self = static_cast<PyObject*>(self_ptr);
    BarObject* self_bar = static_cast<BarObject*>(self_ptr);
    // Guaranteed to be null or initialized by something
    Py_XDECREF(self_bar->t_object);
    PyTypeObject* type = Py_TYPE(self);
    // Since this object is subtypable (has Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE), we must pull
    // out tp_free slot instead of calling PyObject_Del.
    void* slot = PyType_GetSlot(type, Py_tp_free);
    assert(slot != nullptr);
    reinterpret_cast<freefunc>(slot)(self);
    Py_DECREF(type);
  };
  initproc init_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    BarObject* bar_obj = reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self);
    bar_obj->t_bool = 1;
    bar_obj->t_byte = -12;
    bar_obj->t_ubyte = std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max();
    bar_obj->t_short = -12;
    bar_obj->t_ushort = std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max();
    bar_obj->t_int = -1234;
    bar_obj->t_uint = std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max();
    bar_obj->t_long = -1234;
    bar_obj->t_ulong = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max();
    bar_obj->t_pyssizet = 1234;
    bar_obj->t_float = 1.0;
    bar_obj->t_double = 1.0;
    bar_obj->t_string = "foo";
    bar_obj->t_char = 'a';
    bar_obj->t_object = PyList_New(0);
    bar_obj->t_object_null = nullptr;
    bar_obj->t_longlong = std::numeric_limits<long long>::max();
    bar_obj->t_ulonglong = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max();
    return 0;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(new_func)},
      {Py_tp_init, reinterpret_cast<void*>(init_func)},
      {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(dealloc_func)},
      {Py_tp_members, const_cast<PyMemberDef*>(members)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.Bar",
      sizeof(BarObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
      const_cast<PyType_Slot*>(slots),
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  moduleSet("__main__", "Bar", type);

  // Verifies the original values
  return [](PyObject* self) {
    BarObject* bar_obj = reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_bool, 1);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_byte, -12);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_ubyte, std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max());
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_short, -12);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_ushort, std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max());
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_int, -1234);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_uint, std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max());
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_long, -1234);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_ulong, std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max());
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_pyssizet, 1234);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_float, 1.0);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_double, 1.0);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_string, "foo");
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_char, 'a');
    ASSERT_TRUE(PyList_CheckExact(bar_obj->t_object));
    ASSERT_EQ(PyList_Size(bar_obj->t_object), 0);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_object_null, nullptr);
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_longlong, std::numeric_limits<long long>::max());
    ASSERT_EQ(bar_obj->t_ulonglong,
              std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max());
  };
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberBool) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_bool
b.t_bool = False
r2 = b.t_bool
b.t_bool = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyBool_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(r1, Py_True);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyBool_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(r2, Py_False);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberByte) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_byte
b.t_byte = 21
r2 = b.t_byte
b.t_byte = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, -12));
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, 21));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberUByte) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_ubyte
b.t_ubyte = 21
r2 = b.t_ubyte
b.t_ubyte = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max()));
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, 21));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberShort) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_short
b.t_short = 21
r2 = b.t_short
b.t_short = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, -12));
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, 21));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberUShort) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_ushort
b.t_ushort = 21
r2 = b.t_ushort
b.t_ushort = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::max()));
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, 21));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberInt) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_int
b.t_int = 4321
r2 = b.t_int
b.t_int = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, -1234));
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, 4321));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberUInt) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_uint
b.t_uint = 4321
r2 = b.t_uint
b.t_uint = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(r1),
            std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max());
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(r2), 4321UL);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberLong) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_long
b.t_long = 4321
r2 = b.t_long
b.t_long = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, -1234));
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, 4321));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberULong) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_ulong
b.t_ulong = 4321
r2 = b.t_ulong
b.t_ulong = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(r1),
            std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max());
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(r2), 4321UL);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberLongLong) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_longlong
b.t_longlong = -4321
r2 = b.t_longlong
b.t_longlong = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLongLong(r1), std::numeric_limits<long long>::max());
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, -4321));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberULongLong) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_ulonglong
b.t_ulonglong = 4321
r2 = b.t_ulonglong
b.t_ulonglong = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(r1),
            std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::max());
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(r2), 4321UL);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberFloat) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_float
b.t_float = 1.5
r2 = b.t_float
b.t_float = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyFloat_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyFloat_AsDouble(r1), 1.0);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyFloat_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyFloat_AsDouble(r2), 1.5);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberDouble) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_double
b.t_double = 1.5
r2 = b.t_double
b.t_double = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyFloat_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyFloat_AsDouble(r1), 1.0);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyFloat_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyFloat_AsDouble(r2), 1.5);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberChar) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_char
b.t_char = 'b'
r2 = b.t_char
b.t_char = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyUnicode_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(r1, "a"));
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyUnicode_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(r2, "b"));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberString) {
  // T_STRING is read-only
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createBarTypeWithMembers());
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_string
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyUnicode_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(r1, "foo"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberStringWithNullReturnsNone) {
  struct BarObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    char* name;
  };
  static const PyMemberDef members[] = {
      {"name", T_STRING, offsetof(BarObject, name), 0, nullptr},
      {nullptr},
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_members, const_cast<PyMemberDef*>(members)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.Bar",
      sizeof(BarObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
      const_cast<PyType_Slot*>(slots),
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_Check(type));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "Bar", type), 0);

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
none = b.name
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr none(mainModuleGet("none"));
  ASSERT_EQ(none, Py_None);
}  // namespace testing

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberStringRaisesTypeError) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
raised = False
try:
  b.t_string = "bar"
  raise RuntimeError("call didn't throw")
except TypeError:
  raised = True
r1 = b.t_string
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  PyObjectPtr raised(mainModuleGet("raised"));
  EXPECT_EQ(raised, Py_True);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyUnicode_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(r1, "foo"));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberObject) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_object
b.t_object = (1, "a", 2, "b", 3, "c")
r2 = b.t_object
b.t_object = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyList_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyList_Size(r1), 0);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r2), 6);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberObjectWithNull) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_object_null
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  EXPECT_EQ(r1, Py_None);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberObjectEx) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_objectex
b.t_objectex = tuple()
r2 = b.t_objectex
b.t_objectex = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyList_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyList_Size(r1), 0);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(r2), 0);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberObjectExWithNullRaisesAttributeError) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
raised = False
try:
  b.t_objectex_null
  raise RuntimeError("call didn't throw")
except AttributeError:
  raised = True
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr raised(mainModuleGet("raised"));
  EXPECT_EQ(raised, Py_True);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberPySsizeT) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_pyssize
b.t_pyssize = 4321
r2 = b.t_pyssize
b.t_pyssize = r1
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsSsize_t(r1), 1234);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsSsize_t(r2), 4321);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberReadOnlyRaisesAttributeError) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.t_int_readonly
raised = False
try:
  b.t_int_readonly = 4321
  raise RuntimeError("call didn't throw")
except AttributeError:
  raised = True
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, -1234));
  PyObjectPtr raised(mainModuleGet("raised"));
  EXPECT_EQ(raised, Py_True);
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberIntSetIncorrectTypeRaisesTypeError) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
raised = False
try:
  b.t_int = "foo"
  raise RuntimeError("call didn't throw")
except TypeError:
  raised = True
r1 = b.t_int
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  PyObjectPtr raised(mainModuleGet("raised"));
  EXPECT_EQ(raised, Py_True);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, -1234));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberCharIncorrectSizeRaisesTypeError) {
  auto verify_func = createBarTypeWithMembers();
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
raised = False
try:
  b.t_char = "foo"
  raise RuntimeError("call didn't throw")
except TypeError:
  raised = True
r1 = b.t_char
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  PyObjectPtr raised(mainModuleGet("raised"));
  EXPECT_EQ(raised, Py_True);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyUnicode_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(r1, "a"));
  PyObjectPtr b(mainModuleGet("b"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(verify_func(b));
}

// Pyro raises a SystemError but CPython returns a new type.
// TODO(T56634824): Figure out why Pyro differs from CPython.
TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MemberUnknownRaisesSystemErrorPyro) {
  int unknown_type = -1;
  struct BarObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int value;
  };
  static const PyMemberDef members[] = {
      {"value", unknown_type, offsetof(BarObject, value), 0, nullptr},
      {nullptr},
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_members, const_cast<PyMemberDef*>(members)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec = {
      "__main__.Bar",
      sizeof(BarObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
      const_cast<PyType_Slot*>(slots),
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_EQ(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemError));
}

static void createBarTypeWithGetSetObject() {
  struct BarObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    long attribute;
    long readonly_attribute;
  };

  getter attribute_getter = [](PyObject* self, void*) {
    return PyLong_FromLong(reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self)->attribute);
  };

  setter attribute_setter = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* value, void*) {
    reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self)->attribute = PyLong_AsLong(value);
    return 0;
  };

  getter readonly_attribute_getter = [](PyObject* self, void*) {
    return PyLong_FromLong(
        reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self)->readonly_attribute);
  };

  setter raise_attribute_setter = [](PyObject*, PyObject*, void*) {
    PyErr_BadArgument();
    return -1;
  };

  static PyGetSetDef getsets[4];
  getsets[0] = {"attribute", attribute_getter, attribute_setter};
  getsets[1] = {"readonly_attribute", readonly_attribute_getter, nullptr};
  getsets[2] = {"raise_attribute", attribute_getter, raise_attribute_setter};
  getsets[3] = {nullptr};

  newfunc new_func = [](PyTypeObject* type, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    void* slot = PyType_GetSlot(type, Py_tp_alloc);
    return reinterpret_cast<allocfunc>(slot)(type, 0);
  };
  initproc init_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self)->attribute = 123;
    reinterpret_cast<BarObject*>(self)->readonly_attribute = 456;
    return 0;
  };
  static PyType_Slot slots[6];
  // TODO(T40540469): Most of functions should be inherited from object.
  // However, inheritance is not supported yet. For now, just set them manually.
  slots[0] = {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(new_func)};
  slots[1] = {Py_tp_init, reinterpret_cast<void*>(init_func)};
  slots[2] = {Py_tp_alloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(PyType_GenericAlloc)},
  slots[3] = {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(deallocLeafObject)};
  slots[4] = {Py_tp_getset, reinterpret_cast<void*>(getsets)};
  slots[5] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Bar", sizeof(BarObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "Bar", type), 0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSetAttributePyro) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createBarTypeWithGetSetObject());
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
r1 = b.attribute
b.attribute = 321
r2 = b.attribute
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(r1), 123);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(r2), 321);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSetReadonlyAttributePyro) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createBarTypeWithGetSetObject());
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
raised = False
try:
  b.readonly_attribute = 321
  raise RuntimeError("call didn't throw")
except AttributeError:
  raised = True
r1 = b.readonly_attribute
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  PyObjectPtr raised(mainModuleGet("raised"));
  EXPECT_EQ(raised, Py_True);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(r1), 456);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSetRaiseAttributePyro) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createBarTypeWithGetSetObject());
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
b = Bar()
raised = False
try:
  b.raise_attribute = 321
  raise SystemError("call didn't throw")
except TypeError:
  raised = True
r1 = b.raise_attribute
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  PyObjectPtr raised(mainModuleGet("raised"));
  EXPECT_EQ(raised, Py_True);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyLong_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyLong_AsLong(r1), 123);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, PyTypeNameWithNullTypeRaisesSystemErrorPyro) {
  EXPECT_EQ(_PyType_Name(nullptr), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemError));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, PyTypeNameWithNonTypeRaisesSystemErrorPyro) {
  PyObjectPtr long_obj(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  EXPECT_EQ(_PyType_Name(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(long_obj.get())),
            nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemError));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, PyTypeNameWithBuiltinTypeReturnsName) {
  PyObjectPtr long_obj(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  const char* name = _PyType_Name(Py_TYPE(long_obj));
  EXPECT_STREQ(name, "int");
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, PyTypeNameReturnsSamePointerEachCall) {
  PyObjectPtr long_obj(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  const char* name = _PyType_Name(Py_TYPE(long_obj));
  EXPECT_STREQ(name, "int");
  const char* name2 = _PyType_Name(Py_TYPE(long_obj));
  EXPECT_EQ(name, name2);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, PyTypeNameWithUserDefinedTypeReturnsName) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class FooBarTheBaz:
  pass
)");
  PyObjectPtr c(mainModuleGet("FooBarTheBaz"));
  const char* name = _PyType_Name(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(c.get()));
  EXPECT_STREQ(name, "FooBarTheBaz");
}

static PyObject* emptyBinaryFunc(PyObject*, PyObject*) { return Py_None; }

static void emptyDestructorFunc(PyObject*) { return; }

static Py_ssize_t emptyLenFunc(PyObject*) { return Py_ssize_t{0}; }

static PyObject* emptyCompareFunc(PyObject*, PyObject*, int) { return Py_None; }

static int emptySetattroFunc(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) { return 0; }

static PyObject* emptyTernaryFunc(PyObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
  return Py_None;
}

static PyObject* emptyUnaryFunc(PyObject*) { return Py_None; }

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       GetSlotFromExceptionWithTpNewReturnsConstructorPyro) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "Subclass", Py_tp_init, &emptyUnaryFunc, PyExc_Exception));
  PyObjectPtr subclass(mainModuleGet("Subclass"));
  ASSERT_NE(subclass, nullptr);
  newfunc dunder_new = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(
      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(PyExc_Exception), Py_tp_new));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(dunder_new, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr instance(dunder_new(
      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclass.get()), nullptr, nullptr));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(instance, subclass));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       GetSlotFromExceptionWithNonZeroSizeWithTpNewReturnsConstructorPyro) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Foo", sizeof(PyObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
      slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, PyExc_Exception));
  PyObjectPtr subclass(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));

  ASSERT_NE(subclass, nullptr);
  newfunc dunder_new = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(
      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(PyExc_Exception), Py_tp_new));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(dunder_new, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr instance(dunder_new(
      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclass.get()), nullptr, nullptr));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(instance, subclass));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       ExceptionSubclassWithNonZeroConstructorCreatesExceptionSubclass) {
  PyObjectPtr basicsize(
      PyObject_GetAttrString(PyExc_Exception, "__basicsize__"));
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyLong_Check(basicsize));
  int size = _PyLong_AsInt(basicsize);

  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Foo", size, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, PyExc_Exception));
  PyObjectPtr subclass(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));

  ASSERT_NE(subclass, nullptr);
  newfunc dunder_new = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(
      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclass.get()), Py_tp_new));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(dunder_new, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr empty_tuple(PyTuple_New(0));
  PyObjectPtr instance(dunder_new(
      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclass.get()), empty_tuple, nullptr));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(instance, subclass));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetSlotFromTypeWithTpNewReturnsConstructorPyro) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlotAndBase("Subclass", Py_tp_init, &emptyUnaryFunc,
                                reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&PyType_Type)));
  PyObjectPtr subclass(mainModuleGet("Subclass"));
  ASSERT_NE(subclass, nullptr);
  newfunc dunder_new =
      reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(&PyType_Type, Py_tp_new));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(dunder_new, nullptr);

  PyObjectPtr args(PyTuple_New(3));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_SetItem(args, 0, PyUnicode_FromString("Subclass")), 0);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_SetItem(args, 1, PyTuple_Pack(1, &PyType_Type)), 0);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_SetItem(args, 2, PyDict_New()), 0);

  PyObjectPtr instance(dunder_new(
      reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclass.get()), args, nullptr));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_IsSubtype(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(instance.get()),
                               &PyType_Type));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, GetDestructorSlotsFromExceptionReturnsNoOpsPyro) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "Subclass", Py_tp_new, &emptyBinaryFunc, PyExc_Exception));
  PyObject* subclass = mainModuleGet("Subclass");
  PyTypeObject* exception = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(PyExc_Exception);

  inquiry tp_clear =
      reinterpret_cast<inquiry>(PyType_GetSlot(exception, Py_tp_clear));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(tp_clear, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(tp_clear(subclass), 0);

  destructor tp_dealloc =
      reinterpret_cast<destructor>(PyType_GetSlot(exception, Py_tp_dealloc));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(tp_dealloc, nullptr);
  tp_dealloc(subclass);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);

  traverseproc tp_traverse =
      reinterpret_cast<traverseproc>(PyType_GetSlot(exception, Py_tp_traverse));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(tp_traverse, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(tp_traverse(
                subclass, [](PyObject*, void*) { return 0; }, nullptr),
            0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesSetsBaseSlots) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  PyObject* bases = static_cast<PyObject*>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_bases));
  ASSERT_NE(bases, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(bases), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(bases), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<PyObject*>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_base)),
            base_type.get());
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesWithBuiltinBase) {
  static PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, &PyType_Type));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type.get(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(type.get()));
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyObject_IsInstance(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(type.get()),
                                  reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&PyType_Type)));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  PyObject* tp_bases = static_cast<PyObject*>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_bases));
  ASSERT_NE(tp_bases, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(tp_bases), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(tp_bases), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<PyTypeObject*>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_base)),
            &PyType_Type);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesWithTypeObjectAsBaseInheritsTpSetAttro) {
  static PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, &PyType_Type));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type.get(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(type.get()));
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyObject_IsInstance(reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(type.get()),
                                  reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&PyType_Type)));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_setattro), nullptr);
  setattrofunc set_attrofunc =
      reinterpret_cast<setattrofunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_setattro));
  PyObjectPtr name(PyUnicode_FromString("foo"));
  PyObjectPtr value(PyUnicode_FromString("foo_value"));
  EXPECT_EQ(set_attrofunc(type.get(), name.get(), value.get()), 0);

  PyObjectPtr foo_value(PyObject_GetAttrString(type.get(), "foo"));
  EXPECT_EQ(value.get(), foo_value.get());

  PyObjectPtr non_str_name(PyLong_FromLong(10));
  EXPECT_NE(set_attrofunc(type.get(), non_str_name.get(), value.get()), 0);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError));
  PyErr_Clear();
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesWithoutBasetypeIsRejectedAsBase) {
  static PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, &PyType_Type));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type.get(), nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr main(Borrowed(PyImport_AddModule("__main__")));
  Py_INCREF(type.get());
  PyModule_AddObject(main, "Bar", type);
  PyObjectPtr main_dict(Borrowed(PyModule_GetDict(main)));
  EXPECT_EQ(
      PyRun_String("class C(Bar): pass", Py_file_input, main_dict, main_dict),
      nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError));
  PyObject* exc_type;
  PyObject* exc_value;
  PyObject* exc_traceback;
  PyErr_Fetch(&exc_type, &exc_value, &exc_traceback);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(exc_value,
                                  "type 'Bar' is not an acceptable base type"));
}

TEST_F(
    TypeExtensionApiTest,
    FromSpecWithBasesWithNonZeroSizeBaseAndZeroBasicSizeAndItemSetsCustomTpNewPyro) {
  PyType_Slot base_slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec base_spec;
  base_spec = {
      "foo.Foo", 16, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, base_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr base_type(PyType_FromSpec(&base_spec));

  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "foo.Bar", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr ext_type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(ext_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_TRUE(PyType_CheckExact(ext_type));

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(class D: pass)");
  PyObjectPtr managed_type(mainModuleGet("D"));
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(managed_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new), nullptr);
  EXPECT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(managed_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new),
            PyType_GetSlot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new));

  // Instances of `ext_type` does not cause any memory leak.
  auto new_slot = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(
      PyType_GetSlot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new));
  PyObjectPtr args(PyTuple_New(0));
  PyObjectPtr kwargs(PyDict_New());
  PyObjectPtr result(new_slot(ext_type.asTypeObject(), args, kwargs));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_IsInstance(result, ext_type), 1);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesWithoutBaseTypeFlagsRaisesTypeError) {
  static PyType_Slot base_slots[1];
  base_slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec base_spec;
  base_spec = {
      "__main__.BaseType", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, base_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr base_type(PyType_FromSpec(&base_spec));
  ASSERT_NE(base_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(base_type), 1);

  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsNumberSlots) {
  binaryfunc empty_binary_func2 = [](PyObject*, PyObject*) { return Py_None; };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_subtract, empty_binary_func2, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<binaryfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_nb_add)),
            &emptyBinaryFunc);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<binaryfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_nb_subtract)),
            empty_binary_func2);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsAsyncSlots) {
  unaryfunc empty_unary_func2 = [](PyObject*) { return Py_None; };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_am_await, &emptyUnaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_am_aiter, empty_unary_func2, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<unaryfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_am_await)),
            &emptyUnaryFunc);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<unaryfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_am_aiter)),
            empty_unary_func2);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsSequenceSlots) {
  ssizeargfunc empty_sizearg_func = [](PyObject*, Py_ssize_t) {
    return Py_None;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_sq_concat, &emptyBinaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_sq_repeat, empty_sizearg_func, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<binaryfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_sq_concat)),
            &emptyBinaryFunc);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<ssizeargfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_sq_repeat)),
            empty_sizearg_func);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsMappingSlots) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_mp_subscript, &emptyBinaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_mp_length, &emptyLenFunc, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<binaryfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_mp_subscript)),
            &emptyBinaryFunc);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<lenfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_mp_length)),
            &emptyLenFunc);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsTypeSlots) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_tp_call, &emptyTernaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<ternaryfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_call)),
            &emptyTernaryFunc);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsMixedSlots) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_mp_length, &emptyLenFunc, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<binaryfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_nb_add)),
            &emptyBinaryFunc);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<lenfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_mp_length)),
            &emptyLenFunc);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesDoesNotInheritGetAttrIfDefined) {
  getattrfunc empty_getattr_func = [](PyObject*, char*) { return Py_None; };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_tp_getattro, &emptyBinaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_tp_getattr, empty_getattr_func, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_getattro), nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<getattrfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_getattr)),
            empty_getattr_func);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsGetAttrIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_tp_getattro, &emptyBinaryFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<getattrofunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_getattro)),
            &emptyBinaryFunc);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_getattr), nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsSetAttrIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_tp_setattro, &emptySetattroFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<setattrofunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_setattro)),
            &emptySetattroFunc);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_setattr), nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesDoesNotInheritCompareAndHashIfDefined) {
  hashfunc empty_hash_func = [](PyObject*) { return Py_hash_t{0}; };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_tp_richcompare, &emptyCompareFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_tp_hash, empty_hash_func, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_richcompare), nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<hashfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_hash)),
            empty_hash_func);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesInheritsCompareAndHashIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_tp_richcompare, &emptyCompareFunc));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(
      reinterpret_cast<richcmpfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_richcompare)),
      &emptyCompareFunc);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesInheritsFinalizeRegardlessOfFlag) {
  static PyType_Slot base_slots[2];
  base_slots[0] = {Py_tp_finalize,
                   reinterpret_cast<void*>(&emptyDestructorFunc)};
  base_slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec base_spec;
  base_spec = {
      "__main__.BaseType",
      0,
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE,
      base_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr base_type(PyType_FromSpec(&base_spec));
  ASSERT_NE(base_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(base_type), 1);

  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_finalize),
            reinterpret_cast<void*>(&emptyDestructorFunc));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesInheritsFinalizeWhenWhateverFlagSet) {
  static PyType_Slot base_slots[2];
  base_slots[0] = {Py_tp_finalize,
                   reinterpret_cast<void*>(&emptyDestructorFunc)};
  base_slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec base_spec;
  base_spec = {
      "__main__.BaseType",
      0,
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE,
      base_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr base_type(PyType_FromSpec(&base_spec));
  ASSERT_NE(base_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(base_type), 1);

  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType",
      0,
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_FINALIZE,
      slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<destructor>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_finalize)),
            &emptyDestructorFunc);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesDoesNotInheritFreeIfHaveGCUnsetInBase) {
  freefunc empty_free_func = [](void*) { return; };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_tp_free, empty_free_func));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));

  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType",
      0,
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
      slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<freefunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_free)),
            empty_free_func);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsFreeIfBothHaveGCFlagSet) {
  freefunc empty_free_func = PyObject_Free;
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_tp_free, empty_free_func));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));

  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType",
      0,
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
      slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_free),
            reinterpret_cast<void*>(PyObject_GC_Del));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsIfGcFlagIsPresentOnBoth) {
  freefunc empty_free_func = [](void*) { return; };
  static PyType_Slot base_slots[2];
  base_slots[0] = {Py_tp_free, reinterpret_cast<void*>(empty_free_func)};
  base_slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec base_spec;
  base_spec = {
      "__main__.BaseType",
      0,
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
      base_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr base_type(PyType_FromSpec(&base_spec));
  ASSERT_NE(base_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(base_type), 1);

  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType",
      0,
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
      slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<freefunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_free)),
            empty_free_func);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesPopulatesTpDeallocIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, /*base=*/nullptr));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  auto dealloc_func =
      reinterpret_cast<destructor>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_dealloc));
  EXPECT_NE(dealloc_func, nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsObjectReprIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, /*base=*/nullptr));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  auto repr_func = reinterpret_cast<reprfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_repr));
  ASSERT_NE(repr_func, nullptr);

  PyObjectPtr instance(_PyObject_CallNoArg(subclassed_type));
  PyObjectPtr slot_result(repr_func(instance));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr repr_result(PyObject_Repr(instance));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyUnicode_Compare(slot_result, repr_result), 0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsObjectStrIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, /*base=*/nullptr));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  auto str_func = reinterpret_cast<reprfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_str));
  ASSERT_NE(str_func, nullptr);

  PyObjectPtr instance(_PyObject_CallNoArg(subclassed_type));
  PyObjectPtr slot_result(str_func(instance));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr str_result(PyObject_Str(instance));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyUnicode_Compare(slot_result, str_result), 0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesPopulatesTpInitIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, /*base=*/nullptr));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  auto init_proc = reinterpret_cast<initproc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_init));
  ASSERT_NE(init_proc, nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesInheritsPyTypeGenericAllocIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, /*base=*/nullptr));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  auto alloc_func =
      reinterpret_cast<allocfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_alloc));
  EXPECT_EQ(alloc_func, &PyType_GenericAlloc);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesPopulatesTpNewIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, /*base=*/nullptr));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  auto new_func = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_init));
  EXPECT_NE(new_func, nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesWithoutGcFlagInheritsObjectDelIfNotDefined) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, /*base=*/nullptr));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  auto free_func = reinterpret_cast<freefunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_free));
  EXPECT_EQ(free_func, &PyObject_Del);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesWithGcFlagInheritsObjectGcDelIfNotDefined) {
  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType",
      0,
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
      slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, /*bases=*/nullptr));
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  auto free_func = reinterpret_cast<freefunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_free));
  EXPECT_EQ(free_func, &PyObject_GC_Del);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodIsInheirtedFromClassFromWinningParent) {
  // class C:
  //  def __int__(self):
  //    return 11
  unaryfunc c_int_func = [](PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(11); };
  static PyType_Slot c_slots[2];
  c_slots[0] = {Py_nb_int, reinterpret_cast<void*>(c_int_func)};
  c_slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec c_spec;
  c_spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, c_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr c_type(PyType_FromSpec(&c_spec));
  ASSERT_NE(c_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(c_type), 1);

  // class D(C):
  //  def __int__(self):
  //    return 22
  unaryfunc d_int_func = [](PyObject*) { return PyLong_FromLong(22); };
  static PyType_Slot d_slots[2];
  d_slots[0] = {Py_nb_int, reinterpret_cast<void*>(d_int_func)};
  d_slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec d_spec;
  d_spec = {
      "__main__.D", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, d_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr d_bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, c_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr d_type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&d_spec, d_bases));
  ASSERT_NE(d_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(d_type), 1);

  // class B(C): pass
  static PyType_Slot b_slots[1];
  b_slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec b_spec;
  b_spec = {
      "__main__.B", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, d_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr b_bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, c_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr b_type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&b_spec, b_bases));
  ASSERT_NE(b_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(b_type), 1);

  // class A(B, C): pass
  static PyType_Slot a_slots[1];
  a_slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec a_spec;
  a_spec = {
      "__main__.A", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, a_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr a_bases(PyTuple_Pack(2, b_type.get(), d_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr a_type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&a_spec, a_bases));
  ASSERT_NE(a_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(a_type), 1);

  // MRO is (A, B, D, C, object)
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "A", a_type), 0);
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
a_mro = A.__mro__
)");
  PyObjectPtr a_mro(mainModuleGet("a_mro"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Check(a_mro), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(a_mro, 0), a_type);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(a_mro, 1), b_type);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(a_mro, 2), d_type);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(a_mro, 3), c_type);

  // Even though B inherited Py_tp_int from C, A should inherit it until
  // the first concrete definition, which is in D.
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(a_type.get());
  void* int_slot = PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_nb_int);
  ASSERT_NE(int_slot, nullptr);
  EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<unaryfunc>(int_slot), c_int_func);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<unaryfunc>(int_slot), d_int_func);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithBasesInheritsGcFlagAndTraverseClearSlots) {
  traverseproc empty_traverse_func = [](PyObject*, visitproc, void*) {
    return 0;
  };
  inquiry empty_clear_func = [](PyObject*) { return 0; };
  static PyType_Slot base_slots[3];
  base_slots[0] = {Py_tp_traverse,
                   reinterpret_cast<void*>(empty_traverse_func)};
  base_slots[1] = {Py_tp_clear, reinterpret_cast<void*>(empty_clear_func)};
  base_slots[2] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec base_spec;
  base_spec = {
      "__main__.BaseType",
      0,
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
      base_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr base_type(PyType_FromSpec(&base_spec));
  ASSERT_NE(base_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(base_type), 1);

  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(base_type.get());
  EXPECT_NE(PyType_GetFlags(tp) & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, 0UL);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<traverseproc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_traverse)),
            empty_traverse_func);
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<inquiry>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_clear)),
            empty_clear_func);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesInheritsNew) {
  newfunc empty_new_func = [](PyTypeObject*, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    return Py_None;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
      createTypeWithSlot("BaseType", Py_tp_new, empty_new_func));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlotAndBase(
      "SubclassedType", Py_nb_add, &emptyBinaryFunc, base_type));
  PyObjectPtr subclassed_type(mainModuleGet("SubclassedType"));

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(subclassed_type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_new)),
            empty_new_func);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       FromSpecWithMixedBasesSetsExtensionAsDominantBase) {
  struct ExtensionObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int native_data;
  };

  static PyType_Slot extension_slots[2];
  extension_slots[0] = {0, nullptr};

  unsigned int flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE;
  static PyType_Spec extension_spec = {
      "__main__.ExtensionBaseClass",
      sizeof(ExtensionObject),
      0,
      flags,
      extension_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr extension_basetype(PyType_FromSpec(&extension_spec));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(extension_basetype), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "ExtensionBaseClass", extension_basetype), 0);

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class SimpleManagedBaseClass: pass

class Base(ExtensionBaseClass): pass

class SubClass(SimpleManagedBaseClass, Base): pass
)");

  PyObjectPtr base(mainModuleGet("Base"));
  ASSERT_NE(base, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr subclass(mainModuleGet("SubClass"));
  ASSERT_NE(subclass, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr subclass_base(PyObject_GetAttrString(subclass, "__base__"));
  EXPECT_EQ(subclass_base.get(), base.get());
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithoutBasicSizeInheritsDefaultBasicSize) {
  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Foo", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(_PyObject_SIZE(tp), static_cast<Py_ssize_t>(sizeof(PyObject)));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithoutAllocInheritsDefaultAlloc) {
  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Foo", sizeof(PyObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  ASSERT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<allocfunc>(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_alloc)),
            &PyType_GenericAlloc);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithoutNewInheritsDefaultNew) {
  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Foo", sizeof(PyObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "Foo", type), 0);

  // In Pyro tp_new = PyType_GenericNew, in CPython tp_new = object_new
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_new), nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithoutDeallocInheritsDefaultDealloc) {
  struct FooObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int native_data;
  };
  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Foo", sizeof(FooObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  // type inherited subclassDealloc
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_dealloc), nullptr);
  Py_ssize_t type_refcnt = Py_REFCNT(tp);

  // Create an instance
  FooObject* instance = PyObject_New(FooObject, tp);
  ASSERT_GE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 1);  // CPython
  ASSERT_LE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 2);  // Pyro
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt + 1);

  // Trigger a tp_dealloc
  Py_DECREF(instance);
  collectGarbage();
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, DefaultDeallocCallsDelAndFinalize) {
  struct FooObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
  };
  destructor del_func = [](PyObject*) {
    moduleSet("__main__", "called_del", Py_True);
  };
  static PyType_Slot slots[2];
  slots[0] = {Py_tp_del, reinterpret_cast<void*>(del_func)};
  slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Foo", sizeof(FooObject), 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  // type inherited subclassDealloc
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_dealloc), nullptr);
  Py_ssize_t type_refcnt = Py_REFCNT(tp);

  // Create an instance
  FooObject* instance = PyObject_New(FooObject, tp);
  ASSERT_GE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 1);  // CPython
  ASSERT_LE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 2);  // Pyro
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt + 1);

  // Trigger a tp_dealloc
  Py_DECREF(instance);
  collectGarbage();
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt);
  PyObjectPtr called_del(testing::mainModuleGet("called_del"));
  EXPECT_EQ(called_del, Py_True);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesSubclassInheritsParentDealloc) {
  struct FooObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
  };
  struct FooSubclassObject {
    FooObject base;
  };
  destructor dealloc_func = [](PyObject* self) {
    PyTypeObject* tp = Py_TYPE(self);
    PyObject_Del(self);
    Py_DECREF(tp);
  };
  static PyType_Slot base_slots[2];
  base_slots[0] = {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(dealloc_func)};
  base_slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec base_spec;
  base_spec = {
      "__main__.BaseType",
      sizeof(FooObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
      base_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr base_type(PyType_FromSpec(&base_spec));
  ASSERT_NE(base_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(base_type), 1);

  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType",
      sizeof(FooSubclassObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
      slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  // type inherited subclassDealloc
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_dealloc), nullptr);
  Py_ssize_t type_refcnt = Py_REFCNT(tp);

  // Create an instance
  FooObject* instance = PyObject_New(FooObject, tp);
  ASSERT_GE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 1);  // CPython
  ASSERT_LE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 2);  // Pyro
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt + 1);

  // Trigger a tp_dealloc
  Py_DECREF(instance);
  collectGarbage();
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithBasesSubclassInheritsDefaultDealloc) {
  struct FooObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int native_data;
  };
  struct FooSubclassObject {
    FooObject base;
  };
  static PyType_Slot base_slots[1];
  base_slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec base_spec;
  base_spec = {
      "__main__.BaseType",
      sizeof(FooObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
      base_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr base_type(PyType_FromSpec(&base_spec));
  ASSERT_NE(base_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(base_type), 1);

  static PyType_Slot slots[1];
  slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType",
      sizeof(FooSubclassObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
      slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  // type inherited subclassDealloc
  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_dealloc), nullptr);
  Py_ssize_t type_refcnt = Py_REFCNT(tp);

  // Create an instance
  FooObject* instance = PyObject_New(FooObject, tp);
  ASSERT_GE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 1);  // CPython
  ASSERT_LE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 2);  // Pyro
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt + 1);

  // Trigger a tp_dealloc
  Py_DECREF(instance);
  collectGarbage();
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TypeLookupSkipsInstanceDictionary) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Foo:
    bar = 2

foo = Foo()
foo.bar = 1
)");
  PyObjectPtr foo(mainModuleGet("foo"));
  PyObjectPtr foo_type(PyObject_Type(foo));
  PyObjectPtr bar_str(PyUnicode_FromString("bar"));
  PyObject* res =
      _PyType_Lookup(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(foo_type.get()), bar_str);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  ASSERT_NE(res, nullptr);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(res, 2));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TypeLookupWithoutMatchDoesNotRaise) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Foo: pass
)");
  PyObjectPtr foo_type(mainModuleGet("Foo"));
  PyObjectPtr bar_str(PyUnicode_FromString("bar"));
  PyObjectPtr res(
      _PyType_Lookup(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(foo_type.get()), bar_str));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(res, nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TypeLookupWithNonStrDoesNotRaise) {
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Foo: pass
)");
  PyObjectPtr foo_type(mainModuleGet("Foo"));
  PyObjectPtr res(
      _PyType_Lookup(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(foo_type.get()), Py_None));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyErr_Occurred(), nullptr);
  EXPECT_EQ(res, nullptr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, FromSpecWithGCFlagCallsDealloc) {
  destructor dealloc_func = [](PyObject* self) {
    moduleSet("__main__", "called_del", Py_True);
    PyTypeObject* type = Py_TYPE(self);
    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
    PyObject_GC_Del(self);
    Py_DECREF(type);
  };
  static PyType_Slot slots[2];
  slots[0] = {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(dealloc_func)};
  slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.Foo",
      sizeof(PyObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
      slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);

  PyTypeObject* tp = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(type.get());
  ASSERT_NE(PyType_GetSlot(tp, Py_tp_dealloc), nullptr);
  Py_ssize_t type_refcnt = Py_REFCNT(tp);

  // Create an instance
  PyObject* instance = PyObject_GC_New(PyObject, tp);
  PyObject_GC_Track(instance);
  ASSERT_GE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 1);  // CPython
  ASSERT_LE(Py_REFCNT(instance), 2);  // Pyro
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt + 1);

  // Trigger a tp_dealloc
  Py_DECREF(instance);
  collectGarbage();
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(tp), type_refcnt);
  PyObjectPtr called_del(testing::mainModuleGet("called_del"));
  EXPECT_EQ(called_del, Py_True);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, ManagedTypeInheritsTpFlagsFromCType) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createBarTypeWithMembers());
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Baz(Bar): pass
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr baz_type(mainModuleGet("Baz"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_GetFlags(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(baz_type.get())) &
              Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, ManagedTypeInheritsFromCType) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createBarTypeWithMembers());
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
r1 = Bar().t_bool
class Baz(Bar): pass
r2 = Baz().t_bool
r3 = Baz().t_object
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyBool_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(r1, Py_True);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyBool_Check(r2), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(r2, Py_True);
  PyObjectPtr r3(mainModuleGet("r3"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyList_Check(r3), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyList_Size(r3), 0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, ManagedTypeWithLayoutInheritsFromCType) {
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createBarTypeWithMembers());
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Baz(Bar):
    def __init__(self):
        self.value = 123
baz = Baz()
r1 = baz.t_bool
r2 = baz.value
r3 = baz.t_object
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr baz(mainModuleGet("baz"));
  ASSERT_NE(baz, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  ASSERT_EQ(PyBool_Check(r1), 1);
  EXPECT_EQ(r1, Py_False);
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, 123));
  PyObjectPtr r3(mainModuleGet("r3"));
  EXPECT_FALSE(PyList_Check(r3));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CTypeWithSlotsBuiltinBaseTpNewCreatesNewInstance) {
  static PyType_Slot base_slots[1];
  base_slots[0] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec base_spec;
  base_spec = {
      "__main__.BaseType", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE,
      base_slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr base_bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, PyExc_Exception));
  PyObjectPtr base_type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&base_spec, base_bases));
  ASSERT_NE(base_type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(base_type), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "BaseType", base_type), 0);

  newfunc new_func = [](PyTypeObject* t, PyObject* a, PyObject* k) {
    PyObjectPtr base(mainModuleGet("BaseType"));

    newfunc base_tp_new = reinterpret_cast<newfunc>(
        PyType_GetSlot(base.asTypeObject(), Py_tp_new));
    return base_tp_new(t, a, k);
  };

  static PyType_Slot slots[2];
  slots[0] = {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(new_func)};
  slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, base_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);
  PyObjectPtr instance(_PyObject_CallNoArg(type));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_TYPE(instance.get()), type.asTypeObject());
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest,
       CTypeWithSlotsBuiltinBaseTpDeallocFreesInstancePyro) {
  destructor dealloc_func = [](PyObject* o) {
    PyTypeObject* tp = Py_TYPE(o);
    // Call the base type Py_tp_dealloc slot
    destructor base_dealloc = reinterpret_cast<destructor>(PyType_GetSlot(
        reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(PyExc_Exception), Py_tp_dealloc));
    (*base_dealloc)(o);
    Py_DECREF(tp);
  };

  static PyType_Slot slots[2];
  slots[0] = {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(dealloc_func)};
  slots[1] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.SubclassedType", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, PyExc_Exception));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);
  Py_ssize_t type_refcnt = Py_REFCNT(type);
  PyObject* instance = _PyObject_CallNoArg(type);
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_TYPE(instance), type.asTypeObject());
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(type), type_refcnt + 1);
  Py_DECREF(instance);
  collectGarbage();
  ASSERT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(type), type_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CTypeInheritsFromManagedType) {
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class Foo:
    def foo(self):
        return 123
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr foo_type(mainModuleGet("Foo"));

  struct FooObject {
    PyObject_HEAD
    PyObject* dict;
    int t_int;
  };
  static PyMemberDef members[2];
  members[0] = {"t_int", T_INT, offsetof(FooObject, t_int)};
  members[1] = {nullptr};
  initproc init_func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    reinterpret_cast<FooObject*>(self)->t_int = 321;
    return 0;
  };
  destructor dealloc_func = [](PyObject* self) {
    PyTypeObject* type = Py_TYPE(self);
    PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
    PyObject_GC_Del(self);
    Py_DECREF(type);
  };
  static PyType_Slot slots[4];
  slots[0] = {Py_tp_init, reinterpret_cast<void*>(init_func)};
  slots[1] = {Py_tp_members, reinterpret_cast<void*>(members)};
  slots[2] = {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(dealloc_func)},
  slots[3] = {0, nullptr};
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.FooSubclass",
      sizeof(FooObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,
      slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr bases(PyTuple_Pack(1, foo_type.get()));
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpecWithBases(&spec, bases));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyType_CheckExact(type), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "FooSubclass", type), 0);

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
r1 = FooSubclass().foo()
r2 = FooSubclass().t_int
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr r1(mainModuleGet("r1"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r1, 123));
  PyObjectPtr r2(mainModuleGet("r2"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(r2, 321));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethFastWithKeywordsCallNoArg) {
  _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* const*,
                                         Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject* kwnames) {
    EXPECT_EQ(kwnames, nullptr);
    PyObjectPtr nargs_obj(PyLong_FromSsize_t(nargs));
    return PyTuple_Pack(2, self, nargs_obj.get());
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"fastcall", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.fastcall()
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 2);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 0));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethFastWithKeywordsCallPosCall) {
  _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* const* args,
                                         Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject* kwnames) {
    EXPECT_EQ(kwnames, nullptr);
    PyObjectPtr nargs_obj(PyLong_FromSsize_t(nargs));
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, args[0], nargs_obj.get());
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"fastcall", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.fastcall(1234)
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 1234));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 2), 1));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethFastCallWithKeywordsPosCallMultiArgs) {
  _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* const* args,
                                         Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject* kwnames) {
    EXPECT_EQ(kwnames, nullptr);
    PyObjectPtr nargs_obj(PyLong_FromSsize_t(nargs));
    return PyTuple_Pack(4, self, args[0], args[1], nargs_obj.get());
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"fastcall", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.fastcall(1234, 5678)
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 4);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 1234));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 2), 5678));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 3), 2));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethFastCallWithKeywordsKwCall) {
  _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* const* args,
                                         Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject* kwnames) {
    PyObjectPtr nargs_obj(PyLong_FromSsize_t(nargs));
    return PyTuple_Pack(5, self, args[0], args[1], nargs_obj.get(), kwnames);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"fastcall", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.fastcall(1234, kwarg=5678)
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 5);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 1234));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 2), 5678));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 3), 1));

  PyObject* kwnames = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 4);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(kwnames), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(kwnames), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(kwnames, 0), "kwarg"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethFastCallWithKeywordsKwCallMultiArg) {
  _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* const* args,
                                         Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject* kwnames) {
    PyObjectPtr nargs_obj(PyLong_FromSsize_t(nargs));
    return PyTuple_Pack(7, self, args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3],
                        nargs_obj.get(), kwnames);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"fastcall", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.fastcall(1234, 99, kwarg=5678, kwdos=22)
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 7);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 1234));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 2), 99));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 3), 5678));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 4), 22));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 5), 2));

  PyObject* kwnames = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 6);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(kwnames), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(kwnames), 2);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(kwnames, 0), "kwarg"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(kwnames, 1), "kwdos"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethFastCallWithKeywordsExCall) {
  _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* const* args,
                                         Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject* kwnames) {
    PyObjectPtr nargs_obj(PyLong_FromLong(nargs));
    return PyTuple_Pack(5, self, args[0], args[1], nargs_obj.get(), kwnames);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"fastcall", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.fastcall(*[1234], kwarg=5678)
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 5);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 1234));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 2), 5678));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 3), 1));

  PyObject* kwnames = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 4);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(kwnames), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(kwnames), 1);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(kwnames, 0), "kwarg"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethFastCallWithKeywordsExCallMultiArg) {
  _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* const* args,
                                         Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject* kwnames) {
    PyObjectPtr nargs_obj(PyLong_FromSsize_t(nargs));
    return PyTuple_Pack(7, self, args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3],
                        nargs_obj.get(), kwnames);
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"fastcall", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.fastcall(*[1234, 99], kwarg=5678, kwdos=22)
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 7);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 1234));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 2), 99));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 3), 5678));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 4), 22));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 5), 2));

  PyObject* kwnames = PyTuple_GetItem(result, 6);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(kwnames), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(kwnames), 2);

  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(kwnames, 0), "kwarg"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(PyTuple_GetItem(kwnames, 1), "kwdos"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MethodsMethFastCallWithKeywordsExEmptyKwargsCall) {
  _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords meth = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* const* args,
                                         Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject* kwnames) {
    EXPECT_EQ(kwnames, nullptr);
    PyObjectPtr nargs_obj(PyLong_FromSsize_t(nargs));
    return PyTuple_Pack(3, self, args[0], nargs_obj.get());
  };
  static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
      {"fastcall", reinterpret_cast<PyCFunction>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(meth)),
       METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS},
      {nullptr}};
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_methods, methods},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  spec = {
      "__main__.C", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, slots,
  };

  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);
  testing::moduleSet("__main__", "C", type);

  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
self = C()
result = self.fastcall(*[1234], *{})
)");
  PyObjectPtr self(testing::mainModuleGet("self"));
  PyObjectPtr result(testing::mainModuleGet("result"));
  ASSERT_NE(result, nullptr);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_CheckExact(result), 1);
  ASSERT_EQ(PyTuple_Size(result), 3);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 0), self);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 1), 1234));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(PyTuple_GetItem(result, 2), 1));
}

TEST(TypeExtensionApiTestNoFixture, DeallocSlotCalledDuringFinalize) {
  resetPythonEnv();
  Py_Initialize();

  static bool destroyed;
  destroyed = false;
  destructor dealloc = [](PyObject* self) {
    PyTypeObject* type = Py_TYPE(self);
    destroyed = true;
    PyObject_Del(self);
    Py_DECREF(type);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_dealloc, dealloc));

  PyTypeObject* type = reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(mainModuleGet("Bar"));
  PyObject* obj = PyObject_New(PyObject, type);
  Py_DECREF(type);
  ASSERT_EQ(moduleSet("__main__", "bar_obj", obj), 0);
  Py_DECREF(obj);

  ASSERT_FALSE(destroyed);
  Py_FinalizeEx();
  ASSERT_TRUE(destroyed);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallIterSlotFromManagedCode) {
  unaryfunc iter_func = [](PyObject* self) {
    Py_INCREF(self);
    return self;
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Foo", Py_tp_iter, iter_func));

  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
f = Foo()
itr = f.__iter__()
)"),
            0);

  PyObjectPtr f(mainModuleGet("f"));
  PyObjectPtr itr(mainModuleGet("itr"));
  EXPECT_EQ(f, itr);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TypeCheckWithSameTypeReturnsTrue) {
  PyObjectPtr pylong(PyLong_FromLong(10));
  PyObjectPtr pylong_type(PyObject_Type(pylong));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_TypeCheck(
                pylong, reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pylong_type.get())),
            1);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TypeCheckWithSubtypeReturnsTrue) {
  ASSERT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class MyFloat(float): pass
myflt = MyFloat(1.23)
)"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr myfloat(mainModuleGet("myflt"));
  PyObjectPtr pyfloat(PyFloat_FromDouble(3.21));
  PyObjectPtr pyfloat_type(PyObject_Type(pyfloat));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_TypeCheck(
                myfloat, reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pyfloat_type.get())),
            1);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TypeCheckWithDifferentTypesReturnsFalse) {
  PyObjectPtr pylong(PyLong_FromLong(10));
  PyObjectPtr pyuni(PyUnicode_FromString("string"));
  PyObjectPtr pyuni_type(PyObject_Type(pyuni));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyObject_TypeCheck(
                pylong, reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(pyuni_type.get())),
            0);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, SetDunderClassWithExtensionTypeRaisesTypeError) {
  destructor dealloc = [](PyObject* self) {
    PyTypeObject* type = Py_TYPE(self);
    PyObject_Del(self);
    Py_DECREF(type);
  };
  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(createTypeWithSlot("Bar", Py_tp_dealloc, dealloc));

  CaptureStdStreams streams;
  PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
bar = Bar()
class C: pass
bar.__class__ = C
)");
  std::string err = streams.err();
  EXPECT_NE(err.find("TypeError:"), std::string::npos);
  EXPECT_NE(err.find("__class__"), std::string::npos);
  EXPECT_NE(err.find("differs"), std::string::npos);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TpDeallocWithoutFreeingMemoryUntracksNativeProxy) {
  // We test this indirectly with a typical freelist pattern; `PyObject_Init`
  // only works on memory that has been untracked before.
  static const int max_free = 4;
  static int numfree = 0;
  static PyObject* freelist[max_free];

  newfunc new_func = [](PyTypeObject* type, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    PyObject* object;
    if (numfree > 0) {
      object = freelist[--numfree];
      PyObject_Init(object, type);
    } else {
      object = PyObject_New(PyObject, type);
    }
    return object;
  };
  destructor dealloc = [](PyObject* self) {
    PyTypeObject* type = Py_TYPE(self);
    Py_DECREF(type);
    if (numfree + 1 < max_free) {
      freelist[numfree++] = self;
    } else {
      freefunc tp_free =
          reinterpret_cast<freefunc>(PyType_GetSlot(type, Py_tp_free));
      tp_free(self);
    }
  };

  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_new, reinterpret_cast<void*>(new_func)},
      {Py_tp_dealloc, reinterpret_cast<void*>(dealloc)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static const PyType_Spec spec = {
      "foo", 0, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, const_cast<PyType_Slot*>(slots),
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(const_cast<PyType_Spec*>(&spec)));
  ASSERT_NE(type, nullptr);

  PyObject* o0 = _PyObject_CallNoArg(type);
  PyObject* o1 = _PyObject_CallNoArg(type);
  Py_DECREF(o0);
  collectGarbage();
  PyObject* o2 = _PyObject_CallNoArg(type);
  EXPECT_EQ(o0, o2);
  Py_DECREF(o1);
  collectGarbage();
  PyObject* o3 = _PyObject_CallNoArg(type);
  EXPECT_EQ(o1, o3);
  PyObject* o4 = _PyObject_CallNoArg(type);
  Py_DECREF(o3);
  Py_DECREF(o2);
  Py_DECREF(o4);
}

struct TpSlotTestObject {
  PyObject_HEAD
  int val0;
  int val1;
};
static PyObject* makeTestInstanceWithSlots(const PyType_Slot* slots) {
  const PyType_Spec spec = {
      "foo",
      sizeof(TpSlotTestObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
      const_cast<PyType_Slot*>(slots),
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(const_cast<PyType_Spec*>(&spec)));
  if (type == nullptr) return nullptr;
  PyObject* instance(PyObject_CallFunction(type, nullptr));
  if (instance == nullptr) return nullptr;
  TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(instance);
  data->val0 = 42;
  data->val1 = 128077;
  return instance;
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderStrReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<str %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_str, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__str__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<str 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderReprReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<repr %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_repr, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__repr__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<repr 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderIterReturnsStr) {
  getiterfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<iter %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_iter, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__iter__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<iter 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderAwaitReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<await %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_am_await, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__await__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<await 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderAiterReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<aiter %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_am_aiter, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__aiter__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<aiter 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderAnextReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<aiter %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_am_anext, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__anext__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<aiter 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderNegReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<neg %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_negative, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__neg__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<neg 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderPosReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<pos %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_positive, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__pos__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<pos 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderAbsReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<abs %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_absolute, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__abs__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<abs 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderInvertReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<invert %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_invert, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__invert__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<invert 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderIntReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<int %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_int, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__int__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<int 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderFloatReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<float %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_float, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__float__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<float 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, CallDunderIndexReturnsStr) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    TpSlotTestObject* data = reinterpret_cast<TpSlotTestObject*>(obj);
    return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<index %d %c>", data->val0, data->val1);
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_index, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__index__", nullptr));
  EXPECT_TRUE(isUnicodeEqualsCStr(result, "<index 42 \xf0\x9f\x91\x8d>"));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MultipleInheritanceWithBaseWithoutSlotsWorks) {
  PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  static PyType_Spec spec;
  int size = sizeof(PyObject) + 17;
  spec = {
      "foo.N", size, 0, Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, slots,
  };
  PyObjectPtr ext_type(PyType_FromSpec(&spec));
  moduleSet("__main__", "N", ext_type);
  EXPECT_EQ(PyRun_SimpleString(R"(
class A:
  pass
class C(A, N):
  pass
class D(C):
  pass
c = C()
d = D()
  )"),
            0);
  PyObjectPtr a(mainModuleGet("A"));
  PyObjectPtr c(mainModuleGet("C"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_GetFlags(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(c.get())) &
              Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT);
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyType_GetFlags(reinterpret_cast<PyTypeObject*>(c.get())) &
              Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE);
  PyObjectPtr c_size(PyObject_GetAttrString(c.get(), "__basicsize__"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyLong_AsLong(c_size) >= size);

  PyObjectPtr mro(PyObject_GetAttrString(c.get(), "__mro__"));
  EXPECT_TRUE(PyTuple_Check(mro));
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(mro, 0), c.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(mro, 1), a.get());
  EXPECT_EQ(PyTuple_GetItem(mro, 2), ext_type.get());

  PyObjectPtr base(PyObject_GetAttrString(c.get(), "__base__"));
  EXPECT_EQ(base.get(), ext_type.get());
}

struct TpSlotRefcntTestObject {
  PyObject_HEAD
  Py_ssize_t initial_refcnt;
};

static PyObject* makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(const PyType_Slot* slots) {
  const PyType_Spec spec = {
      "foo",
      sizeof(TpSlotRefcntTestObject),
      0,
      Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
      const_cast<PyType_Slot*>(slots),
  };
  PyObjectPtr type(PyType_FromSpec(const_cast<PyType_Spec*>(&spec)));
  if (type == nullptr) return nullptr;
  PyObject* instance = PyObject_CallFunction(type, nullptr);
  if (instance == nullptr) return nullptr;
  reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance)->initial_refcnt =
      Py_REFCNT(instance);
  return instance;
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, IntegralSlotOwnsReference) {
  lenfunc len_func = [](PyObject* self) -> Py_ssize_t {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    return 0xdeadbeef;
  };
  // __len__ is created as an integral slot
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_sq_length, reinterpret_cast<void*>(len_func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__len__", nullptr));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_TRUE(isLongEqualsLong(result, 0xdeadbeef));
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, UnarySlotOwnsReference) {
  reprfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(obj),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(obj)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  // __repr__ is created as a unary slot
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_repr, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__repr__", nullptr));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, BinarySlotOwnsReference) {
  binaryfunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  // __add__ is created as a binary slot
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_add, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__add__", "O", other.get()));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, BinarySwappedSlotOwnsReference) {
  binaryfunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  // __add__ is created as a binary slot
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_add, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__radd__", "O", other.get()));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TernarySlotOwnsReference) {
  ternaryfunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other,
                        PyObject* third) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(third),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  // __pow__ is created as a ternary slot
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_power, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr third(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(third, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__pow__", "OO", other.get(), third.get()));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(third),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TernarySwappedSlotOwnsReference) {
  ternaryfunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other,
                        PyObject* third) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(third),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  // __pow__ is created as a ternary slot
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_power, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr third(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(third, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__rpow__", "OO",
                                         other.get(), third.get()));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(third),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, TernaryVarKwSlotOwnsReference) {
  ternaryfunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other,
                        PyObject* third) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(third),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  // __pow__ is created as a ternary slot
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_nb_power, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr third(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(third, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr args(PyTuple_Pack(2, other.get(), third.get()));
  PyObjectPtr pow(PyObject_GetAttrString(instance, "__pow__"));
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_Call(pow, args, nullptr));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
  EXPECT_GE(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
  EXPECT_GE(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
  // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
  EXPECT_GE(
      Py_REFCNT(third),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, SetattrWrapperOwnsReference) {
  setattrofunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject*, PyObject* third) -> int {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_LE(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // The middle arg is not checked because it needs to be a string, not
    // whatever object we use to hold a refcount.
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_LE(
        Py_REFCNT(third),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    return 0;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_setattro, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(PyUnicode_FromString("name"));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr third(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(third, nullptr);
  int result = PyObject_SetAttr(instance, other, third);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, 0);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  // The middle arg is not checked because it needs to be a string, not
  // whatever object we use to hold a refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(third),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third.get())->initial_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, DelattrWrapperOwnsReference) {
  setattrofunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject*, PyObject*) -> int {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_LE(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // The second arg is not checked because it needs to be a string, not
    // whatever object we use to hold a refcount.
    return 0;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_setattro, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(PyUnicode_FromString("name"));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  // Need to set attribute before we can delete it.
  PyObjectPtr value(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  int result = PyObject_SetAttr(instance, other, value);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, 0);
  result = PyObject_DelAttr(instance, other);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, 0);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  // The second arg is not checked because it needs to be a string, not
  // whatever object we use to hold a refcount.
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, RichCmpSlotOwnsReference) {
  richcmpfunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other, int) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_TRUE;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_richcompare, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__eq__", "O", other.get()));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_True);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, NextSlotOwnsReference) {
  unaryfunc func = [](PyObject* obj) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(obj),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(obj)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_iternext, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__next__", nullptr));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, DescrGetSlotOwnsReference) {
  descrgetfunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other,
                         PyObject* third) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(third),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_descr_get, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr third(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(third, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__get__", "OO", other.get(), third.get()));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(third),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, DescrSetSlotOwnsReference) {
  descrsetfunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other,
                         PyObject* third) -> int {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(third),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    return 0;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_descr_set, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr third(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(third, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__set__", "OO", other.get(), third.get()));
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(third),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, DescrDeleteSlotOwnsReference) {
  descrsetfunc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other,
                         PyObject* third) -> int {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(third, nullptr);
    return 0;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_tp_descr_set, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__delete__", "O", other.get()));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, SetitemSlotOwnsReference) {
  objobjargproc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other,
                          PyObject* third) -> int {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(third),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    return 0;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_mp_ass_subscript, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr third(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(third, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__setitem__", "OO",
                                         other.get(), third.get()));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(third),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third.get())->initial_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, DelitemSlotOwnsReference) {
  objobjargproc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other,
                          PyObject* third) -> int {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(third, nullptr);
    return 0;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_mp_ass_subscript, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__delitem__", "O", other.get()));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, ContainsSlotOwnsReference) {
  objobjproc func = [](PyObject* self, PyObject* other) -> int {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(other),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    return 1;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_sq_contains, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__contains__", "O", other.get()));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_True);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(other),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(other.get())->initial_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, MulSlotOwnsReference) {
  ssizeargfunc func = [](PyObject* self, Py_ssize_t) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_sq_repeat, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__mul__", "O", other.get()));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, SequenceItemSlotOwnsReference) {
  ssizeargfunc func = [](PyObject* self, Py_ssize_t) -> PyObject* {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_sq_item, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__getitem__", "O", other.get()));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, SequenceSetItemSlotOwnsReference) {
  ssizeobjargproc func = [](PyObject* self, Py_ssize_t,
                            PyObject* third) -> int {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    // TODO(T89073278): Revert to EQ(other, initial+1).
    EXPECT_GE(
        Py_REFCNT(third),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    return 0;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_sq_ass_item, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr third(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(third, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__setitem__", "OO",
                                         other.get(), third.get()));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
  EXPECT_EQ(
      Py_REFCNT(third),
      reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(third.get())->initial_refcnt);
}

TEST_F(TypeExtensionApiTest, SequenceDelItemSlotOwnsReference) {
  ssizeobjargproc func = [](PyObject* self, Py_ssize_t,
                            PyObject* third) -> int {
    // We expect a refcount of 1 greater than the inital refcount since the
    // method is called with a new reference.
    EXPECT_EQ(
        Py_REFCNT(self),
        reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(self)->initial_refcnt + 1);
    EXPECT_EQ(third, nullptr);
    return 0;
  };
  static const PyType_Slot slots[] = {
      {Py_sq_ass_item, reinterpret_cast<void*>(func)},
      {0, nullptr},
  };
  PyObjectPtr instance(makeTestRefcntInstanceWithSlots(slots));
  ASSERT_NE(instance, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr other(PyLong_FromLong(5));
  ASSERT_NE(other, nullptr);
  PyObjectPtr result(
      PyObject_CallMethod(instance, "__delitem__", "O", other.get()));
  EXPECT_EQ(result, Py_None);
  // Once the call is complete the wrapper should decref the arg so we expect to
  // see the original refcount.
  EXPECT_EQ(Py_REFCNT(instance),
            reinterpret_cast<TpSlotRefcntTestObject*>(instance.get())
                ->initial_refcnt);
}

}  // namespace testing
}  // namespace py