cpp/logger/lfrb/Futex.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2017 Facebook, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include <profilo/logger/lfrb/Futex.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <cerrno>

#ifdef __linux__
#include <linux/futex.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#else
#include <condition_variable>
#include <functional>
#include <list>
#include <mutex>
#endif

using namespace std::chrono;

namespace facebook {
namespace profilo {
namespace logger {
namespace lfrb {

namespace {

////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// native implementation using the futex() syscall

#ifdef __linux__

/// Certain toolchains (like Android's) don't include the full futex API in
/// their headers even though they support it. Make sure we have our constants
/// even if the headers don't have them.
#ifndef FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET
#define FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET 9
#endif
#ifndef FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET
#define FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET 10
#endif
#ifndef FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG
#define FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG 128
#endif
#ifndef FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME
#define FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME 256
#endif

int nativeFutexWake(void* addr, int count, uint32_t wakeMask) {
  int rv = syscall(
      __NR_futex,
      addr, /* addr1 */
      FUTEX_WAKE_BITSET | FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG, /* op */
      count, /* val */
      nullptr, /* timeout */
      nullptr, /* addr2 */
      wakeMask); /* val3 */

  /* NOTE: we ignore errors on wake for the case of a futex
     guarding its own destruction, similar to this
     glibc bug with sem_post/sem_wait:
     https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12674 */
  if (rv < 0) {
    return 0;
  }
  return rv;
}

template <class Clock>
struct timespec timeSpecFromTimePoint(time_point<Clock> absTime) {
  auto epoch = absTime.time_since_epoch();
  if (epoch.count() < 0) {
    // kernel timespec_valid requires non-negative seconds and nanos in [0,1G)
    epoch = Clock::duration::zero();
  }

  // timespec-safe seconds and nanoseconds;
  // chrono::{nano,}seconds are `long long int`
  // whereas timespec uses smaller types
  using time_t_seconds = duration<std::time_t, seconds::period>;
  using long_nanos = duration<long int, nanoseconds::period>;

  auto secs = duration_cast<time_t_seconds>(epoch);
  auto nanos = duration_cast<long_nanos>(epoch - secs);
  struct timespec result = {secs.count(), nanos.count()};
  return result;
}

FutexResult nativeFutexWaitImpl(
    void* addr,
    uint32_t expected,
    time_point<system_clock>* absSystemTime,
    time_point<steady_clock>* absSteadyTime,
    uint32_t waitMask) {
  assert(absSystemTime == nullptr || absSteadyTime == nullptr);

  int op = FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET | FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG;
  struct timespec ts;
  struct timespec* timeout = nullptr;

  if (absSystemTime != nullptr) {
    op |= FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME;
    ts = timeSpecFromTimePoint(*absSystemTime);
    timeout = &ts;
  } else if (absSteadyTime != nullptr) {
    ts = timeSpecFromTimePoint(*absSteadyTime);
    timeout = &ts;
  }

  // Unlike FUTEX_WAIT, FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET requires an absolute timeout
  // value - http://locklessinc.com/articles/futex_cheat_sheet/
  int rv = syscall(
      __NR_futex,
      addr, /* addr1 */
      op, /* op */
      expected, /* val */
      timeout, /* timeout */
      nullptr, /* addr2 */
      waitMask); /* val3 */

  if (rv == 0) {
    return FutexResult::AWOKEN;
  } else {
    switch (errno) {
      case ETIMEDOUT:
        assert(timeout != nullptr);
        return FutexResult::TIMEDOUT;
      case EINTR:
        return FutexResult::INTERRUPTED;
      case EWOULDBLOCK:
        return FutexResult::VALUE_CHANGED;
      default:
        assert(false);
        // EINVAL, EACCESS, or EFAULT.  EINVAL means there was an invalid
        // op (should be impossible) or an invalid timeout (should have
        // been sanitized by timeSpecFromTimePoint).  EACCESS or EFAULT
        // means *addr points to invalid memory, which is unlikely because
        // the caller should have segfaulted already.  We can either
        // crash, or return a value that lets the process continue for
        // a bit. We choose the latter. VALUE_CHANGED probably turns the
        // caller into a spin lock.
        return FutexResult::VALUE_CHANGED;
    }
  }
}

#endif // __linux__

#if !defined(__linux__)
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// compatibility implementation using standard C++ API

// Our emulated futex uses 4096 lists of wait nodes.  There are two levels
// of locking: a per-list mutex that controls access to the list and a
// per-node mutex, condvar, and bool that are used for the actual wakeups.
// The per-node mutex allows us to do precise wakeups without thundering
// herds.

struct EmulatedFutexWaitNode {
  void* const addr_;
  const uint32_t waitMask_;

  // tricky: hold both bucket and node mutex to write, either to read
  bool signaled_;
  std::mutex mutex_;
  std::condition_variable cond_;

  EmulatedFutexWaitNode(void* addr, uint32_t waitMask)
      : addr_(addr), waitMask_(waitMask), signaled_(false) {}
};

struct EmulatedFutexBucket {
  std::mutex mutex_;
  std::list<std::unique_ptr<EmulatedFutexWaitNode>> waiters_;

  static const size_t kNumBuckets = 4096;

  static EmulatedFutexBucket& bucketFor(void* addr) {
    static auto gBuckets = new EmulatedFutexBucket[kNumBuckets];
    uint64_t mixedBits =
        std::hash<uintptr_t>{}(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(addr));
    return gBuckets[mixedBits % kNumBuckets];
  }
};

int emulatedFutexWake(void* addr, int count, uint32_t waitMask) {
  auto& bucket = EmulatedFutexBucket::bucketFor(addr);
  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> bucketLock(bucket.mutex_);

  int numAwoken = 0;
  for (auto iter = bucket.waiters_.begin();
       numAwoken < count && iter != bucket.waiters_.end();) {
    auto current = iter;
    auto& node = *iter++;
    if (node->addr_ == addr && (node->waitMask_ & waitMask) != 0) {
      ++numAwoken;

      // we unlink, but waiter destroys the node
      bucket.waiters_.erase(current);

      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> nodeLock(node->mutex_);
      node->signaled_ = true;
      node->cond_.notify_one();
    }
  }
  return numAwoken;
}

template <typename F>
FutexResult emulatedFutexWaitImpl(
    F* futex,
    uint32_t expected,
    time_point<system_clock>* absSystemTime,
    time_point<steady_clock>* absSteadyTime,
    uint32_t waitMask) {
  static_assert(
      std::is_same<F, Futex<std::atomic>>::value ||
          std::is_same<F, Futex<EmulatedFutexAtomic>>::value,
      "Type F must be either Futex<std::atomic> or Futex<EmulatedFutexAtomic>");
  void* addr = static_cast<void*>(futex);
  auto& bucket = EmulatedFutexBucket::bucketFor(addr);
  auto node = std::make_unique<EmulatedFutexWaitNode>(addr, waitMask);

  {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> bucketLock(bucket.mutex_);

    if (futex->load(std::memory_order_relaxed) != expected) {
      return FutexResult::VALUE_CHANGED;
    }

    bucket.waiters_.push_back(std::move(node));
  } // bucketLock scope

  std::cv_status status = std::cv_status::no_timeout;
  {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> nodeLock(node->mutex_);
    while (!node->signaled_ && status != std::cv_status::timeout) {
      if (absSystemTime != nullptr) {
        status = node->cond_.wait_until(nodeLock, *absSystemTime);
      } else if (absSteadyTime != nullptr) {
        status = node->cond_.wait_until(nodeLock, *absSteadyTime);
      } else {
        node->cond_.wait(nodeLock);
      }
    }
  } // nodeLock scope

  if (status == std::cv_status::timeout) {
    // it's not really a timeout until we unlink the unsignaled node
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> bucketLock(bucket.mutex_);
    if (!node->signaled_) {
      bucket.waiters_.remove_if([&](auto& item) { return item == node; });
      return FutexResult::TIMEDOUT;
    }
  }
  return FutexResult::AWOKEN;
}
#endif

} // namespace

/////////////////////////////////
// Futex<> specializations

template <>
int Futex<std::atomic>::futexWake(int count, uint32_t wakeMask) {
#ifdef __linux__
  return nativeFutexWake(this, count, wakeMask);
#else
  return emulatedFutexWake(this, count, wakeMask);
#endif
}

#if !defined(__linux__)
template <>
int Futex<EmulatedFutexAtomic>::futexWake(int count, uint32_t wakeMask) {
  return emulatedFutexWake(this, count, wakeMask);
}
#endif

template <>
FutexResult Futex<std::atomic>::futexWaitImpl(
    uint32_t expected,
    time_point<system_clock>* absSystemTime,
    time_point<steady_clock>* absSteadyTime,
    uint32_t waitMask) {
#ifdef __linux__
  return nativeFutexWaitImpl(
      this, expected, absSystemTime, absSteadyTime, waitMask);
#else
  return emulatedFutexWaitImpl(
      this, expected, absSystemTime, absSteadyTime, waitMask);
#endif
}

#if !defined(__linux__)
template <>
FutexResult Futex<EmulatedFutexAtomic>::futexWaitImpl(
    uint32_t expected,
    time_point<system_clock>* absSystemTime,
    time_point<steady_clock>* absSteadyTime,
    uint32_t waitMask) {
  return emulatedFutexWaitImpl(
      this, expected, absSystemTime, absSteadyTime, waitMask);
}
#endif

} // namespace lfrb
} // namespace logger
} // namespace profilo
} // namespace facebook