Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 45% duplication:
- 6,162 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 2,784 duplicated lines
- 221 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
D2Go (78%)
--> ObjectDetection (94%)
610
5 file pairs
details...
D2Go (61%)
--> TorchVideo (69%)
474
4 file pairs
details...
ObjectDetection (73%)
--> TorchVideo (69%)
474
4 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (41%)
--> StreamingASR (43%)
450
6 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (40%)
--> TorchVideo (63%)
436
4 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (40%)
--> ObjectDetection (66%)
430
4 file pairs
details...
SpeechRecognition (79%)
--> StreamingASR (41%)
430
3 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (40%)
--> D2Go (55%)
430
4 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (39%)
--> ImageSegmentation (56%)
424
3 file pairs
details...
D2Go (53%)
--> ImageSegmentation (55%)
416
3 file pairs
details...
ImageSegmentation (55%)
--> ObjectDetection (64%)
416
3 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (37%)
--> QuestionAnswering (73%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
ImageSegmentation (53%)
--> QuestionAnswering (73%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
QuestionAnswering (73%)
--> SpeechRecognition (74%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
QuestionAnswering (73%)
--> ViT4MNIST (48%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
StreamingASR (38%)
--> ViT4MNIST (48%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (37%)
--> ViT4MNIST (48%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (37%)
--> SpeechRecognition (74%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
ImageSegmentation (53%)
--> SpeechRecognition (74%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
QuestionAnswering (73%)
--> StreamingASR (38%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
SpeechRecognition (74%)
--> ViT4MNIST (48%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
ImageSegmentation (53%)
--> StreamingASR (38%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
ImageSegmentation (53%)
--> ViT4MNIST (48%)
404
3 file pairs
details...
Seq2SeqNMT (42%)
--> SpeechRecognition (74%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
ImageSegmentation (53%)
--> TorchVideo (58%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
ObjectDetection (62%)
--> QuestionAnswering (73%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
QuestionAnswering (73%)
--> Seq2SeqNMT (42%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
Seq2SeqNMT (42%)
--> StreamingASR (38%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
ObjectDetection (62%)
--> SpeechRecognition (74%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (37%)
--> Seq2SeqNMT (42%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
QuestionAnswering (73%)
--> TorchVideo (58%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
TorchVideo (58%)
--> ViT4MNIST (47%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
ObjectDetection (62%)
--> ViT4MNIST (47%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
D2Go (51%)
--> StreamingASR (38%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
D2Go (51%)
--> QuestionAnswering (73%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
Seq2SeqNMT (42%)
--> TorchVideo (58%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
D2Go (51%)
--> SpeechRecognition (74%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
D2Go (51%)
--> Seq2SeqNMT (42%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
Seq2SeqNMT (42%)
--> ViT4MNIST (47%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
StreamingASR (38%)
--> TorchVideo (58%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
ObjectDetection (62%)
--> Seq2SeqNMT (42%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
ImageSegmentation (53%)
--> Seq2SeqNMT (42%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
D2Go (51%)
--> ViT4MNIST (47%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
SpeechRecognition (74%)
--> TorchVideo (58%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
ObjectDetection (62%)
--> StreamingASR (38%)
402
3 file pairs
details...
HelloWorldApp (15%)
--> ImageSegmentation (52%)
392
3 file pairs
details...
HelloWorldApp (14%)
--> SpeechRecognition (67%)
368
2 file pairs
details...
D2Go (47%)
--> HelloWorldApp (14%)
368
2 file pairs
details...
HelloWorldApp (14%)
--> Seq2SeqNMT (38%)
368
2 file pairs
details...
HelloWorldApp (14%)
--> ObjectDetection (57%)
368
2 file pairs
details...
HelloWorldApp (14%)
--> QuestionAnswering (67%)
368
2 file pairs
details...
HelloWorldApp (14%)
--> ViT4MNIST (43%)
368
2 file pairs
details...
HelloWorldApp (14%)
--> TorchVideo (53%)
368
2 file pairs
details...
ASLRecognition (34%)
--> HelloWorldApp (14%)
368
2 file pairs
details...
HelloWorldApp (14%)
--> StreamingASR (35%)
368
2 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| D2Go (78%) --> ObjectDetection (94%) |
610 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| D2Go (61%) --> TorchVideo (69%) |
474 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| ObjectDetection (73%) --> TorchVideo (69%) |
474 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (41%) --> StreamingASR (43%) |
450 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (40%) --> TorchVideo (63%) |
436 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (40%) --> ObjectDetection (66%) |
430 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| SpeechRecognition (79%) --> StreamingASR (41%) |
430 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (40%) --> D2Go (55%) |
430 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (39%) --> ImageSegmentation (56%) |
424 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| D2Go (53%) --> ImageSegmentation (55%) |
416 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ImageSegmentation (55%) --> ObjectDetection (64%) |
416 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (37%) --> QuestionAnswering (73%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ImageSegmentation (53%) --> QuestionAnswering (73%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| QuestionAnswering (73%) --> SpeechRecognition (74%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| QuestionAnswering (73%) --> ViT4MNIST (48%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| StreamingASR (38%) --> ViT4MNIST (48%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (37%) --> ViT4MNIST (48%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (37%) --> SpeechRecognition (74%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ImageSegmentation (53%) --> SpeechRecognition (74%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| QuestionAnswering (73%) --> StreamingASR (38%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| SpeechRecognition (74%) --> ViT4MNIST (48%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ImageSegmentation (53%) --> StreamingASR (38%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ImageSegmentation (53%) --> ViT4MNIST (48%) |
404 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Seq2SeqNMT (42%) --> SpeechRecognition (74%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ImageSegmentation (53%) --> TorchVideo (58%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ObjectDetection (62%) --> QuestionAnswering (73%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| QuestionAnswering (73%) --> Seq2SeqNMT (42%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Seq2SeqNMT (42%) --> StreamingASR (38%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ObjectDetection (62%) --> SpeechRecognition (74%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (37%) --> Seq2SeqNMT (42%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| QuestionAnswering (73%) --> TorchVideo (58%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| TorchVideo (58%) --> ViT4MNIST (47%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ObjectDetection (62%) --> ViT4MNIST (47%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| D2Go (51%) --> StreamingASR (38%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| D2Go (51%) --> QuestionAnswering (73%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Seq2SeqNMT (42%) --> TorchVideo (58%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| D2Go (51%) --> SpeechRecognition (74%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| D2Go (51%) --> Seq2SeqNMT (42%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Seq2SeqNMT (42%) --> ViT4MNIST (47%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| StreamingASR (38%) --> TorchVideo (58%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ObjectDetection (62%) --> Seq2SeqNMT (42%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ImageSegmentation (53%) --> Seq2SeqNMT (42%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| D2Go (51%) --> ViT4MNIST (47%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| SpeechRecognition (74%) --> TorchVideo (58%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| ObjectDetection (62%) --> StreamingASR (38%) |
402 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| HelloWorldApp (15%) --> ImageSegmentation (52%) |
392 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| HelloWorldApp (14%) --> SpeechRecognition (67%) |
368 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| D2Go (47%) --> HelloWorldApp (14%) |
368 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| HelloWorldApp (14%) --> Seq2SeqNMT (38%) |
368 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| HelloWorldApp (14%) --> ObjectDetection (57%) |
368 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| HelloWorldApp (14%) --> QuestionAnswering (67%) |
368 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| HelloWorldApp (14%) --> ViT4MNIST (43%) |
368 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| HelloWorldApp (14%) --> TorchVideo (53%) |
368 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| ASLRecognition (34%) --> HelloWorldApp (14%) |
368 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| HelloWorldApp (14%) --> StreamingASR (35%) |
368 | 2 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 50 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 169 | x 2 | ASLRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableStreamingASR/StreamingAS...p/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ASLRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableQuestionAnswering/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ASLRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | Seq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawableSpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawableQuestionAnswering/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | QuestionAnswering/app/src/main/res/drawableSpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawableTorchVideo/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | QuestionAnswering/app/src/main/res/drawableViT4MNIST/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableQuestionAnswering/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | StreamingASR/StreamingAS...p/src/main/res/drawableViT4MNIST/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | QuestionAnswering/app/src/main/res/drawableSeq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | Seq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawableStreamingASR/StreamingAS...p/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableSpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ASLRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableSeq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ASLRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableViT4MNIST/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | QuestionAnswering/app/src/main/res/drawableTorchVideo/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | D2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | TorchVideo/app/src/main/res/drawableViT4MNIST/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | D2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ASLRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableSpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | SpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableStreamingASR/StreamingAS...p/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableViT4MNIST/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | D2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableStreamingASR/StreamingAS...p/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | D2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableQuestionAnswering/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | D2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableTorchVideo/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | Seq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawableTorchVideo/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | D2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableSpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ASLRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableD2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawableSpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | QuestionAnswering/app/src/main/res/drawableStreamingASR/StreamingAS...p/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableTorchVideo/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | D2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableSeq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ASLRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableTorchVideo/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | Seq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawableViT4MNIST/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | SpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableViT4MNIST/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ASLRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawableStreamingASR/StreamingAS...p/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | StreamingASR/StreamingAS...p/src/main/res/drawableTorchVideo/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawableObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableSeq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawableSeq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawableViT4MNIST/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | D2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableViT4MNIST/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | SpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawableTorchVideo/app/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 169 | x 2 | ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableStreamingASR/StreamingAS...p/src/main/res/drawable | 1:169 (100%)1:169 (100%) | view | |
| 161 | x 2 | HelloWorldApp/app/src/main/res/drawableSpeechRecognition/app/src/main/res/drawable | 9:169 (95%)9:169 (95%) | view | |
| 161 | x 2 | D2Go/ObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawableHelloWorldApp/app/src/main/res/drawable | 9:169 (95%)9:169 (95%) | view | |
| 161 | x 2 | HelloWorldApp/app/src/main/res/drawableSeq2SeqNMT/app/src/main/res/drawable | 9:169 (95%)9:169 (95%) | view | |
| 161 | x 2 | HelloWorldApp/app/src/main/res/drawableImageSegmentation/app/src/main/res/drawable | 9:169 (95%)9:169 (95%) | view | |
| 161 | x 2 | HelloWorldApp/app/src/main/res/drawableObjectDetection/app/src/main/res/drawable | 9:169 (95%)9:169 (95%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 1 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | x 2 | ImageSegmentation/app/sr...torch/imagesegmentationHelloWorldApp/app/src/ma.../org/pytorch/helloworld | 44:61 83:100 | view |
