in multiset_codec/rans.py [0:0]
def base_message(shape, randomize=False):
"""
Returns a base ANS message of given shape. If randomize=True,
populates the lower bits of the head with samples from a Bernoulli(1/2)
distribution. The tail is empty.
"""
assert shape and np.prod(shape), 'Shape must be an int > 0' \
'or tuple with length > 0.'
head = np.full(shape, rans_l, "uint64")
if randomize:
head += rng.integers(0, rans_l, size=shape, dtype='uint64')
return head, ()