Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 41% duplication:
- 8,488 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 3,486 duplicated lines
- 828 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayouts (87%)
--> EyeGazeUserControls/Layouts (103%)
1147
12 file pairs
details...
Games/Maze (44%)
--> Games/Memory (49%)
1067
8 file pairs
details...
Games/Fifteen (45%)
--> Games/Memory (36%)
775
7 file pairs
details...
Games/Fifteen (39%)
--> Games/Maze (28%)
670
7 file pairs
details...
Games/Memory (19%)
--> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (21%)
426
5 file pairs
details...
Games/Fifteen (23%)
--> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (19%)
400
4 file pairs
details...
Games/Maze (16%)
--> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (19%)
399
6 file pairs
details...
Apps/MinAAC (32%)
--> Apps/Phrasor (8%)
104
3 file pairs
details...
Games/Memory (4%)
--> Tools/ControlTest (19%)
100
4 file pairs
details...
Apps/MinAAC (30%)
--> EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayouts (7%)
98
4 file pairs
details...
Apps/Phrasor (7%)
--> EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayouts (7%)
98
4 file pairs
details...
Games/Maze (4%)
--> Tools/ControlTest (19%)
97
5 file pairs
details...
Apps/MinAAC (25%)
--> Games/Memory (3%)
82
3 file pairs
details...
Apps/Phrasor (6%)
--> EyeGazeUserControls/Layouts (7%)
78
3 file pairs
details...
Apps/MinAAC (24%)
--> EyeGazeUserControls/Layouts (7%)
78
3 file pairs
details...
Apps/MinAAC (22%)
--> Games/Maze (3%)
72
3 file pairs
details...
Apps/EyeVolume (11%)
--> Games/Maze (2%)
68
3 file pairs
details...
Games/Fifteen (4%)
--> Tools/ControlTest (13%)
68
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/SoundMachineJr (11%)
--> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (3%)
68
3 file pairs
details...
Tools/ControlTest (12%)
--> Tools/EyeControlToolkitSettings (7%)
64
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/Phrasor (4%)
--> Games/Memory (2%)
64
3 file pairs
details...
Apps/DrawnOut (29%)
--> Tools/Positioning (14%)
56
2 file pairs
details...
Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%)
--> Tools/ControlTest (11%)
56
3 file pairs
details...
Games/Memory (2%)
--> Tools/EyeControlToolkitSettings (6%)
55
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/MinAAC (16%)
--> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/MinAAC (16%)
--> Games/Fifteen (3%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/MinAAC (16%)
--> Apps/SeeSaw (12%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/EyeVolume (9%)
--> Apps/SoundMachineJr (8%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/SeeSaw (12%)
--> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/SoundMachineJr (8%)
--> Games/Maze (2%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/SeeSaw (12%)
--> Games/Memory (2%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%)
--> Tools/Positioning (14%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/DrawnOut (28%)
--> Games/Memory (2%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/DrawnOut (28%)
--> Apps/SeeSaw (12%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Games/Memory (2%)
--> Tools/Positioning (14%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/DrawnOut (28%)
--> Apps/MinAAC (16%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/DrawnOut (28%)
--> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/MinAAC (16%)
--> Tools/Positioning (14%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/SeeSaw (12%)
--> Tools/Positioning (14%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
Apps/Phrasor (4%)
--> Games/Maze (2%)
52
3 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayouts (87%) --> EyeGazeUserControls/Layouts (103%) |
1147 | 12 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Maze (44%) --> Games/Memory (49%) |
1067 | 8 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Fifteen (45%) --> Games/Memory (36%) |
775 | 7 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Fifteen (39%) --> Games/Maze (28%) |
670 | 7 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Memory (19%) --> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (21%) |
426 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Fifteen (23%) --> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (19%) |
400 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Maze (16%) --> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (19%) |
399 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/MinAAC (32%) --> Apps/Phrasor (8%) |
104 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Memory (4%) --> Tools/ControlTest (19%) |
100 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/MinAAC (30%) --> EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayouts (7%) |
98 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/Phrasor (7%) --> EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayouts (7%) |
98 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Maze (4%) --> Tools/ControlTest (19%) |
97 | 5 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/MinAAC (25%) --> Games/Memory (3%) |
82 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/Phrasor (6%) --> EyeGazeUserControls/Layouts (7%) |
78 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/MinAAC (24%) --> EyeGazeUserControls/Layouts (7%) |
78 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/MinAAC (22%) --> Games/Maze (3%) |
72 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/EyeVolume (11%) --> Games/Maze (2%) |
68 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Fifteen (4%) --> Tools/ControlTest (13%) |
68 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/SoundMachineJr (11%) --> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (3%) |
68 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Tools/ControlTest (12%) --> Tools/EyeControlToolkitSettings (7%) |
64 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/Phrasor (4%) --> Games/Memory (2%) |
64 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/DrawnOut (29%) --> Tools/Positioning (14%) |
56 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%) --> Tools/ControlTest (11%) |
56 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Memory (2%) --> Tools/EyeControlToolkitSettings (6%) |
55 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/MinAAC (16%) --> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/MinAAC (16%) --> Games/Fifteen (3%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/MinAAC (16%) --> Apps/SeeSaw (12%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/EyeVolume (9%) --> Apps/SoundMachineJr (8%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/SeeSaw (12%) --> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/SoundMachineJr (8%) --> Games/Maze (2%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/SeeSaw (12%) --> Games/Memory (2%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%) --> Tools/Positioning (14%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/DrawnOut (28%) --> Games/Memory (2%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/DrawnOut (28%) --> Apps/SeeSaw (12%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Games/Memory (2%) --> Tools/Positioning (14%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/DrawnOut (28%) --> Apps/MinAAC (16%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/DrawnOut (28%) --> Games/TwoZeroFourEight (2%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/MinAAC (16%) --> Tools/Positioning (14%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/SeeSaw (12%) --> Tools/Positioning (14%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| Apps/Phrasor (4%) --> Games/Maze (2%) |
52 | 3 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 20 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 146 | x 2 | EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayoutsEyeGazeUserControls/Layouts | xaml TwoStageKeyboard.xamlTwoStageKeyboard.xaml |
1:185 (100%)1:185 (100%) | view |
| 104 | x 2 | EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayoutsEyeGazeUserControls/Layouts | xaml FullKeyboard.xamlFullKeyboard.xaml |
221:347 (31%)221:347 (31%) | view |
| 87 | x 2 | Games/MazeGames/Memory |  MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
72:216 (80%)53:197 (80%) | view |
| 69 | x 2 | Games/FifteenGames/Memory | xaml MainPage.xamlMainPage.xaml |
280:391 (22%)411:522 (17%) | view |
| 68 | x 2 | EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayoutsEyeGazeUserControls/Layouts | xaml FullKeyboard.xamlFullKeyboard.xaml |
137:220 (20%)137:220 (20%) | view |
| 66 | x 2 | EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayoutsEyeGazeUserControls/Layouts | xaml FullKeyboard.xamlFullKeyboard.xaml |
57:136 (19%)57:136 (19%) | view |
| 64 | x 2 | Games/MazeGames/Memory | xaml MainPage.xamlMainPage.xaml |
279:342 (15%)282:345 (15%) | view |
| 55 | x 2 | Games/MazeGames/Memory | xaml MainPage.xamlMainPage.xaml |
434:529 (13%)437:532 (13%) | view |
| 51 | x 2 | Games/FifteenGames/Maze | xaml MainPage.xamlMainPage.xaml |
306:391 (16%)434:519 (12%) | view |
| 47 | x 2 | EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayoutsEyeGazeUserControls/Layouts | xaml FullKeyboard.xamlFullKeyboard.xaml |
1:56 (14%)1:56 (14%) | view |
| 46 | x 2 | EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayoutsEyeGazeUserControls/Layouts | xaml FullKeyboard.xamlFullKeyboard.xaml |
348:398 (13%)348:398 (13%) | view |
| 42 | x 2 | Games/MazeGames/Memory | xaml MainPage.xamlMainPage.xaml |
197:242 (10%)201:245 (10%) | view |
| 41 | x 2 | Games/FifteenGames/Maze | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
92:153 (37%)107:167 (37%) | view |
| 41 | x 2 | Games/FifteenGames/Memory | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
92:153 (37%)88:148 (37%) | view |
| 41 | x 2 | EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayoutsEyeGazeUserControls/Layouts | xaml MinAAC.xamlMinAAC.xaml |
46:90 (51%)46:90 (51%) | view |
| 39 | x 2 | EyeGazeUserControls/KeyboardLayoutsEyeGazeUserControls/Layouts | xaml MinAAC.xamlMinAAC.xaml |
1:46 (49%)1:46 (49%) | view |
| 38 | x 2 | Games/MazeGames/Memory | xaml MainPage.xamlMainPage.xaml |
148:188 (9%)151:191 (9%) | view |
| 35 | x 2 | Games/MazeGames/Memory | xaml MainPage.xamlMainPage.xaml |
198:236 (8%)154:191 (8%) | view |
| 35 | x 2 | Games/MemoryGames/Memory | xaml MainPage.xamlMainPage.xaml |
154:191 (8%)202:239 (8%) | view |
| 35 | x 2 | Games/MazeGames/Memory | xaml MainPage.xamlMainPage.xaml |
151:188 (8%)202:239 (8%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 11 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35 | x 3 | Games/FifteenGames/MazeGames/Memory | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
118:155 133:169 114:150 | view |
| 35 | x 2 | Games/MazeGames/Memory | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
96:131 77:112 | view |
| 21 | x 2 | Apps/DrawnOutTools/Positioning | App.xaml.csApp.xaml.cs |
34:72 34:72 | view |
| 20 | x 9 | Apps/EyeVolumeApps/MinAACApps/SeeSawApps/SoundMachineJrGames/FifteenGames/MazeGames/MemoryGames/TwoZeroFourEightTools/EyeControlToolkitSettings | App.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.cs |
40:74 33:67 33:67 40:74 33:67 40:74 33:67 33:67 39:73 | view |
| 16 | x 2 | Games/MazeGames/Memory | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
40:62 21:43 | view |
| 11 | x 3 | Games/FifteenGames/MazeGames/Memory | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
66:79 81:94 62:75 | view |
| 8 | x 3 | Apps/Phrasor/DataModelApps/Phrasor/DataModelApps/Phrasor/ViewModel | AppSettings.csPhraseNode.csViewModel.cs |
149:157 54:62 99:107 | view |
| 6 | x 7 | Apps/EyeVolumeApps/PhrasorGames/FifteenGames/MazeGames/MazeGames/MemoryGames/TwoZeroFourEight | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csGamePage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
123:130 547:554 52:59 890:897 72:79 53:60 991:998 | view |
| 6 | x 2 | Apps/SoundMachineJrGames/TwoZeroFourEight | MainViewModel.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
27:33 36:42 | view |
| 6 | x 3 | Games/FifteenGames/MazeGames/Memory | GamePage.xaml.csGamePage.xaml.csGamePage.xaml.cs |
400:415 899:906 647:662 | view |
| 6 | x 5 | Games/FifteenGames/FifteenGames/MazeGames/MemoryGames/TwoZeroFourEight | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
178:184 186:192 186:192 167:173 1139:1145 | view |