Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 20% duplication:
- 9,192 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 1,857 duplicated lines
- 501 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (90%)
--> GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (91%)
310
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (40%)
--> GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (162%)
260
4 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/LoadTests (67%)
--> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (56%)
208
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (30%)
--> SampleTests/DllProject (51%)
198
4 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (57%)
--> GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (30%)
198
4 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (58%)
--> GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (30%)
198
4 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (30%)
--> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (55%)
196
4 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/CrashingTests (49%)
--> SampleTests/LoadTests (62%)
194
2 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/DllDependentProject (47%)
--> SampleTests/DllProject (42%)
166
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (47%)
--> SampleTests/LibProject (48%)
160
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (46%)
--> SampleTests/LibProject (48%)
160
2 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/CrashingTests (40%)
--> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (42%)
158
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (45%)
--> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (43%)
154
1 file pair
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (45%)
--> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (43%)
154
1 file pair
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (39%)
--> SampleTests/DllProject (34%)
134
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (39%)
--> SampleTests/DllProject (34%)
134
2 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/LoadTests (40%)
--> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (45%)
126
2 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/DllDependentProject (34%)
--> SampleTests/LoadTests (38%)
120
1 file pair
details...
SampleTests/CrashingTests (29%)
--> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (42%)
116
2 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/CrashingTests (28%)
--> SampleTests/LibProject (34%)
112
2 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/DllDependentProject (30%)
--> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (29%)
108
1 file pair
details...
SampleTests/LibProject (32%)
--> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (29%)
108
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (16%)
--> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (29%)
108
4 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (30%)
--> SampleTests/LoadTests (34%)
106
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (31%)
--> SampleTests/LoadTests (34%)
106
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (30%)
--> GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (65%)
105
1 file pair
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (30%)
--> GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (65%)
105
1 file pair
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (30%)
--> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (37%)
104
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (30%)
--> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (37%)
104
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (15%)
--> SampleTests/LibProject (30%)
99
4 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/LibProject (29%)
--> SampleTests/LoadTests (31%)
98
2 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/LibProject (29%)
--> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (34%)
96
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (59%)
--> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (26%)
95
1 file pair
details...
SampleTests/LongRunningTests (34%)
--> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (25%)
94
2 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/DllProject (23%)
--> SampleTests/LibProject (27%)
90
1 file pair
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (26%)
--> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (24%)
90
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (26%)
--> SampleTests/CrashingTests (22%)
90
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (26%)
--> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (24%)
90
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (26%)
--> SampleTests/CrashingTests (22%)
90
2 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (51%)
--> SampleTests/DllProject (21%)
83
1 file pair
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (12%)
--> SampleTests/LoadTests (25%)
78
4 file pairs
details...
GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (12%)
--> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (28%)
78
4 file pairs
details...
SampleTests/DllProject (16%)
--> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (17%)
64
1 file pair
details...
SampleTests/CrashingTests (16%)
--> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (18%)
64
1 file pair
details...
SampleTests/DllDependentProject (17%)
--> SampleTests/LibProject (18%)
62
1 file pair
details...
SampleTests/DllProject (14%)
--> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (20%)
56
1 file pair
details...
SampleTests/DllDependentProject (15%)
--> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (20%)
56
1 file pair
details...
SampleTests/DllProject (14%)
--> SampleTests/LoadTests (18%)
56
1 file pair
details...
SampleTests/CrashingTests (13%)
--> SampleTests/DllProject (13%)
52
1 file pair
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (90%) --> GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (91%) |
310 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (40%) --> GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (162%) |
260 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/LoadTests (67%) --> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (56%) |
208 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (30%) --> SampleTests/DllProject (51%) |
198 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (57%) --> GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (30%) |
198 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (58%) --> GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (30%) |
198 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (30%) --> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (55%) |
196 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/CrashingTests (49%) --> SampleTests/LoadTests (62%) |
194 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/DllDependentProject (47%) --> SampleTests/DllProject (42%) |
166 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (47%) --> SampleTests/LibProject (48%) |
160 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (46%) --> SampleTests/LibProject (48%) |
160 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/CrashingTests (40%) --> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (42%) |
158 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (45%) --> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (43%) |
154 | 1 file pair | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (45%) --> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (43%) |
154 | 1 file pair | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (39%) --> SampleTests/DllProject (34%) |
134 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (39%) --> SampleTests/DllProject (34%) |
134 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/LoadTests (40%) --> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (45%) |
126 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/DllDependentProject (34%) --> SampleTests/LoadTests (38%) |
120 | 1 file pair | details... |
| SampleTests/CrashingTests (29%) --> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (42%) |
116 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/CrashingTests (28%) --> SampleTests/LibProject (34%) |
112 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/DllDependentProject (30%) --> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (29%) |
108 | 1 file pair | details... |
| SampleTests/LibProject (32%) --> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (29%) |
108 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (16%) --> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (29%) |
108 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (30%) --> SampleTests/LoadTests (34%) |
106 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (31%) --> SampleTests/LoadTests (34%) |
106 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (30%) --> GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (65%) |
105 | 1 file pair | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (30%) --> GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (65%) |
105 | 1 file pair | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (30%) --> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (37%) |
104 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (30%) --> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (37%) |
104 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (15%) --> SampleTests/LibProject (30%) |
99 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/LibProject (29%) --> SampleTests/LoadTests (31%) |
98 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/LibProject (29%) --> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (34%) |
96 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (59%) --> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (26%) |
95 | 1 file pair | details... |
| SampleTests/LongRunningTests (34%) --> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (25%) |
94 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/DllProject (23%) --> SampleTests/LibProject (27%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (26%) --> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (24%) |
90 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (26%) --> SampleTests/CrashingTests (22%) |
90 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExe (26%) --> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (24%) |
90 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe (26%) --> SampleTests/CrashingTests (22%) |
90 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe (51%) --> SampleTests/DllProject (21%) |
83 | 1 file pair | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (12%) --> SampleTests/LoadTests (25%) |
78 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll (12%) --> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (28%) |
78 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| SampleTests/DllProject (16%) --> SampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 (17%) |
64 | 1 file pair | details... |
| SampleTests/CrashingTests (16%) --> SampleTests/DllDependentProject (18%) |
64 | 1 file pair | details... |
| SampleTests/DllDependentProject (17%) --> SampleTests/LibProject (18%) |
62 | 1 file pair | details... |
| SampleTests/DllProject (14%) --> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (20%) |
56 | 1 file pair | details... |
| SampleTests/DllDependentProject (15%) --> SampleTests/LongRunningTests (20%) |
56 | 1 file pair | details... |
| SampleTests/DllProject (14%) --> SampleTests/LoadTests (18%) |
56 | 1 file pair | details... |
| SampleTests/CrashingTests (13%) --> SampleTests/DllProject (13%) |
52 | 1 file pair | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 20 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 117 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExeGoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe | vcxproj CrashingExe.vcxprojFailingExe.vcxproj |
25:174 (83%)25:174 (83%) | view |
| 41 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/Core/ResourcesGoogleTestAdapter/Core/Resources |  GTA_Traits_1.7.0.hGTA_Traits_1.8.0.h |
6:84 (34%)6:84 (33%) | view |
| 34 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDllGoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe | vcxproj FakeGtestDllApplication.vcxprojUnicodeNameExe.vcxproj |
17:57 (44%)17:57 (45%) | view |
| 32 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExeSampleTests/DllDependentProject | vcxproj CrashingExe.vcxprojDllDependentProject.vcxproj |
27:60 (22%)29:62 (21%) | view |
| 32 | x 2 | SampleTests/CrashingTestsSampleTests/Tests_1.7.0 | vcxproj CrashingTests.vcxprojTests_1.7.0.vcxproj |
28:64 (21%)28:64 (21%) | view |
| 32 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExeSampleTests/DllDependentProject | vcxproj FailingExe.vcxprojDllDependentProject.vcxproj |
27:60 (22%)29:62 (21%) | view |
| 31 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/Core/ResourcesGoogleTestAdapter/Core/Resources | GTA_Traits_1.7.0.hGTA_Traits_1.8.0.h |
119:160 (25%)123:164 (25%) | view |
| 26 | x 2 | SampleTests/CrashingTestsSampleTests/LoadTests | vcxproj CrashingTests.vcxprojLoadTests.vcxproj |
67:101 (17%)65:99 (19%) | view |
| 24 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDllSampleTests/DllProject | vcxproj FakeGtestDllLibrary.vcxprojDllProject.vcxproj |
17:42 (32%)26:51 (16%) | view |
| 24 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDllSampleTests/DllDependentProject | vcxproj FakeGtestDllApplication-x64.vcxprojDllDependentProject.vcxproj |
21:47 (31%)54:80 (15%) | view |
| 24 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExeGoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll | vcxproj CrashingExe.vcxprojFakeGtestDllApplication.vcxproj |
25:50 (17%)17:42 (31%) | view |
| 24 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExeGoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDll | vcxproj FailingExe.vcxprojFakeGtestDllApplication.vcxproj |
25:50 (17%)17:42 (31%) | view |
| 24 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExeGoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe | vcxproj FailingExe.vcxprojUnicodeNameExe.vcxproj |
25:50 (17%)17:42 (32%) | view |
| 24 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDllSampleTests/DllProject | vcxproj FakeGtestDllLibrary-x64.vcxprojDllProject.vcxproj |
21:47 (32%)53:79 (16%) | view |
| 24 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExeGoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExe | vcxproj CrashingExe.vcxprojUnicodeNameExe.vcxproj |
25:50 (17%)17:42 (32%) | view |
| 23 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/UnicodeNameExeSampleTests/DllDependentProject | vcxproj UnicodeNameExe.vcxprojDllDependentProject.vcxproj |
19:42 (30%)29:52 (15%) | view |
| 23 | x 2 | SampleTests/DllDependentProjectSampleTests/DllProject | vcxproj DllDependentProject.vcxprojDllProject.vcxproj |
67:96 (15%)66:95 (15%) | view |
| 23 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/FakeGtestDllSampleTests/DllDependentProject | vcxproj FakeGtestDllApplication.vcxprojDllDependentProject.vcxproj |
19:42 (30%)29:52 (15%) | view |
| 22 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/CrashingExeGoogleTestAdapter/FailingExe | filters CrashingExe.vcxproj.filtersFailingExe.vcxproj.filters |
1:30 (91%)1:30 (91%) | view |
| 22 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/FailingExeSampleTests/LibProject | vcxproj FailingExe.vcxprojLibProject.vcxproj |
73:104 (15%)63:94 (16%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 3 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/Core/ResourcesGoogleTestAdapter/Core/Resources | GTA_Traits_1.7.0.hGTA_Traits_1.8.0.h |
124:154 128:158 | view |
| 18 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/Core/ResourcesGoogleTestAdapter/Core/Resources | GTA_Traits_1.7.0.hGTA_Traits_1.8.0.h |
163:183 168:188 | view |
| 11 | x 2 | GoogleTestAdapter/Core/ResourcesGoogleTestAdapter/Core/Resources | GTA_Traits_1.7.0.hGTA_Traits_1.8.0.h |
99:113 102:116 | view |