Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 97% duplication:
- 82,616 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 80,391 duplicated lines
- 25,114 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
github (54%)
--> python (74%)
21011
966 file pairs
details...
github (47%)
--> node (86%)
18511
2091 file pairs
details...
dotnet (24%)
--> github (35%)
13631
2089 file pairs
details...
github (21%)
--> php (85%)
8194
536 file pairs
details...
dotnet (13%)
--> python (26%)
7598
920 file pairs
details...
github (19%)
--> java (137%)
7373
772 file pairs
details...
github (13%)
--> go (334%)
5062
214 file pairs
details...
dotnet (7%)
--> node (19%)
4239
512 file pairs
details...
java (72%)
--> node (18%)
3877
296 file pairs
details...
github (9%)
--> ruby (189%)
3781
112 file pairs
details...
github (8%)
--> html (343%)
3229
136 file pairs
details...
go (169%)
--> node (12%)
2566
96 file pairs
details...
go (163%)
--> java (46%)
2476
88 file pairs
details...
java (39%)
--> php (22%)
2140
108 file pairs
details...
html (201%)
--> java (35%)
1892
60 file pairs
details...
java (31%)
--> ruby (83%)
1666
24 file pairs
details...
github (4%)
--> helmPackages (415%)
1630
64 file pairs
details...
node (7%)
--> python (5%)
1616
224 file pairs
details...
node (7%)
--> php (16%)
1560
144 file pairs
details...
helmPackages (322%)
--> node (5%)
1264
48 file pairs
details...
html (132%)
--> node (5%)
1244
48 file pairs
details...
dotnet (2%)
--> java (21%)
1131
240 file pairs
details...
node (5%)
--> ruby (56%)
1116
32 file pairs
details...
html (112%)
--> php (11%)
1060
27 file pairs
details...
go (70%)
--> php (11%)
1060
27 file pairs
details...
php (9%)
--> ruby (46%)
933
18 file pairs
details...
dotnet (1%)
--> go (58%)
890
72 file pairs
details...
go (56%)
--> html (90%)
850
15 file pairs
details...
dotnet (1%)
--> helmPackages (187%)
736
24 file pairs
details...
go (39%)
--> ruby (29%)
595
6 file pairs
details...
html (63%)
--> ruby (29%)
595
6 file pairs
details...
helmPackages (139%)
--> java (10%)
547
16 file pairs
details...
go (24%)
--> helmPackages (93%)
368
8 file pairs
details...
java (3%)
--> python (<1%)
182
168 file pairs
details...
php (1%)
--> python (<1%)
157
126 file pairs
details...
dotnet (<1%)
--> php (1%)
126
80 file pairs
details...
html (12%)
--> python (<1%)
119
42 file pairs
details...
go (7%)
--> python (<1%)
119
42 file pairs
details...
dotnet (<1%)
--> html (12%)
114
48 file pairs
details...
python (<1%)
--> ruby (5%)
112
28 file pairs
details...
dotnet (<1%)
--> ruby (5%)
108
32 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| github (54%) --> python (74%) |
21011 | 966 file pairs | details... |
| github (47%) --> node (86%) |
18511 | 2091 file pairs | details... |
| dotnet (24%) --> github (35%) |
13631 | 2089 file pairs | details... |
| github (21%) --> php (85%) |
8194 | 536 file pairs | details... |
| dotnet (13%) --> python (26%) |
7598 | 920 file pairs | details... |
| github (19%) --> java (137%) |
7373 | 772 file pairs | details... |
| github (13%) --> go (334%) |
5062 | 214 file pairs | details... |
| dotnet (7%) --> node (19%) |
4239 | 512 file pairs | details... |
| java (72%) --> node (18%) |
3877 | 296 file pairs | details... |
| github (9%) --> ruby (189%) |
3781 | 112 file pairs | details... |
| github (8%) --> html (343%) |
3229 | 136 file pairs | details... |
| go (169%) --> node (12%) |
2566 | 96 file pairs | details... |
| go (163%) --> java (46%) |
2476 | 88 file pairs | details... |
| java (39%) --> php (22%) |
2140 | 108 file pairs | details... |
| html (201%) --> java (35%) |
1892 | 60 file pairs | details... |
| java (31%) --> ruby (83%) |
1666 | 24 file pairs | details... |
| github (4%) --> helmPackages (415%) |
1630 | 64 file pairs | details... |
| node (7%) --> python (5%) |
1616 | 224 file pairs | details... |
| node (7%) --> php (16%) |
1560 | 144 file pairs | details... |
| helmPackages (322%) --> node (5%) |
1264 | 48 file pairs | details... |
| html (132%) --> node (5%) |
1244 | 48 file pairs | details... |
| dotnet (2%) --> java (21%) |
1131 | 240 file pairs | details... |
| node (5%) --> ruby (56%) |
1116 | 32 file pairs | details... |
| html (112%) --> php (11%) |
1060 | 27 file pairs | details... |
| go (70%) --> php (11%) |
1060 | 27 file pairs | details... |
| php (9%) --> ruby (46%) |
933 | 18 file pairs | details... |
| dotnet (1%) --> go (58%) |
890 | 72 file pairs | details... |
| go (56%) --> html (90%) |
850 | 15 file pairs | details... |
| dotnet (1%) --> helmPackages (187%) |
736 | 24 file pairs | details... |
| go (39%) --> ruby (29%) |
595 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| html (63%) --> ruby (29%) |
595 | 6 file pairs | details... |
| helmPackages (139%) --> java (10%) |
547 | 16 file pairs | details... |
| go (24%) --> helmPackages (93%) |
368 | 8 file pairs | details... |
| java (3%) --> python (<1%) |
182 | 168 file pairs | details... |
| php (1%) --> python (<1%) |
157 | 126 file pairs | details... |
| dotnet (<1%) --> php (1%) |
126 | 80 file pairs | details... |
| html (12%) --> python (<1%) |
119 | 42 file pairs | details... |
| go (7%) --> python (<1%) |
119 | 42 file pairs | details... |
| dotnet (<1%) --> html (12%) |
114 | 48 file pairs | details... |
| python (<1%) --> ruby (5%) |
112 | 28 file pairs | details... |
| dotnet (<1%) --> ruby (5%) |
108 | 32 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 20 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 769 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...on/app/static/admin/csspython/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/css |  base.cssbase.css |
5:978 (100%)5:978 (100%) | view |
| 769 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...on/app/static/admin/csspython/django/webappWith...cation/static/admin/css | base.cssbase.css |
5:978 (100%)5:978 (100%) | view |
| 769 | x 2 | python/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/csspython/django/webappWith...cation/static/admin/css | base.cssbase.css |
5:978 (100%)5:978 (100%) | view |
| 478 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...root/lib/bootstrap/lessdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...root/lib/bootstrap/less |  navbar.lessnavbar.less |
11:660 (100%)11:660 (100%) | view |
| 458 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...on/app/static/admin/csspython/django/webappWith...cation/static/admin/css | widgets.csswidgets.css |
3:565 (100%)3:565 (100%) | view |
| 458 | x 2 | python/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/csspython/django/webappWith...cation/static/admin/css | widgets.csswidgets.css |
3:565 (100%)3:565 (100%) | view |
| 458 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...on/app/static/admin/csspython/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/css | widgets.csswidgets.css |
3:565 (100%)3:565 (100%) | view |
| 413 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...b/wwwroot/lib/bootstrapdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...b/wwwroot/lib/bootstrap |  Gruntfile.jsGruntfile.js |
8:511 (100%)8:511 (100%) | view |
| 402 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...on/app/static/admin/csspython/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/css | forms.cssforms.css |
1:515 (100%)1:515 (100%) | view |
| 402 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...on/app/static/admin/csspython/django/webappWith...cation/static/admin/css | forms.cssforms.css |
1:515 (100%)1:515 (100%) | view |
| 402 | x 2 | python/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/csspython/django/webappWith...cation/static/admin/css | forms.cssforms.css |
1:515 (100%)1:515 (100%) | view |
| 392 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...root/lib/bootstrap/lessdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...root/lib/bootstrap/less | forms.lessforms.less |
10:613 (100%)10:613 (100%) | view |
| 387 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...root/lib/bootstrap/lessdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...root/lib/bootstrap/less | variables.lessvariables.less |
10:869 (100%)10:869 (100%) | view |
| 327 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...p/static/admin/js/adminpython/django/webapp/App...n/static/admin/js/admin | DateTimeShortcuts.jsDateTimeShortcuts.js |
5:431 (100%)5:431 (100%) | view |
| 327 | x 2 | python/django/webapp/App...n/static/admin/js/adminpython/django/webappWith...n/static/admin/js/admin | DateTimeShortcuts.jsDateTimeShortcuts.js |
5:431 (100%)5:431 (100%) | view |
| 327 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...p/static/admin/js/adminpython/django/webappWith...n/static/admin/js/admin | DateTimeShortcuts.jsDateTimeShortcuts.js |
5:431 (100%)5:431 (100%) | view |
| 324 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/jsdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/js | tooltip.jstooltip.js |
11:513 (100%)11:513 (100%) | view |
| 283 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...root/lib/bootstrap/lessdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...root/lib/bootstrap/less | glyphicons.lessglyphicons.less |
11:305 (100%)11:305 (100%) | view |
| 277 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...on/app/static/admin/csspython/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/css | changelists.csschangelists.css |
3:344 (100%)3:344 (100%) | view |
| 277 | x 2 | github/python/django/lin...on/app/static/admin/csspython/django/webappWith...cation/static/admin/css | changelists.csschangelists.css |
3:344 (100%)3:344 (100%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 20 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 439 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...b/wwwroot/lib/bootstrapdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...b/wwwroot/lib/bootstrap | Gruntfile.jsGruntfile.js |
8:511 8:511 | view |
| 228 | x 8 | github/node/sail.js/cont...pplication/tasks/configgithub/node/sail.js/cont...pplication/tasks/confignode/sail.js/container/Application/tasks/confignode/sail.js/containerCo...pplication/tasks/confignode/sail.js/containerWi...pplication/tasks/confignode/sail.js/kubernetes/Application/tasks/confignode/sail.js/kubernetesC...pplication/tasks/confignode/sail.js/webapp/Application/tasks/config | sails-linker.jssails-linker.jssails-linker.jssails-linker.jssails-linker.jssails-linker.jssails-linker.jssails-linker.js |
30:283 30:283 30:283 30:283 30:283 30:283 30:283 30:283 | view |
| 166 | x 3 | github/python/django/lin...ion/app/static/admin/jspython/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/jspython/django/webappWith...ication/static/admin/js | urlify.jsurlify.jsurlify.js |
2:179 2:179 2:179 | view |
| 116 | x 3 | github/python/django/lin...ion/app/static/admin/jspython/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/jspython/django/webappWith...ication/static/admin/js | SelectFilter2.jsSelectFilter2.jsSelectFilter2.js |
18:164 18:164 18:164 | view |
| 88 | x 3 | github/python/django/lin...ion/app/static/admin/jspython/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/jspython/django/webappWith...ication/static/admin/js | inlines.jsinlines.jsinlines.js |
20:130 20:130 20:130 | view |
| 54 | x 27 | dotnet/aspnet/mssqldb/Ap...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet/mssqldbWit...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet/webapp/App...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet/webappWith...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet46/vm-mssql...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet46/vm-webap...eWebApplication/Scriptsgithub/dotnet/aspnet/web...eWebApplication/Scriptsgithub/python/bottle/con...lication/static/scriptsgithub/python/bottle/lin...lication/static/scriptsgithub/python/django/con.../app/static/app/scripts... | respond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.js... |
220:291 220:291 220:291 220:291 220:291 220:291 220:291 220:291 220:291 220:291 ... | view |
| 62 | x 3 | github/python/django/lin...ion/app/static/admin/jspython/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/jspython/django/webappWith...ication/static/admin/js | calendar.jscalendar.jscalendar.js |
54:144 54:144 54:144 | view |
| 55 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/jsdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/js | tooltip.jstooltip.js |
173:247 173:247 | view |
| 45 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/jsdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/js | carousel.jscarousel.js |
117:170 117:170 | view |
| 40 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...oot/lib/bootstrap/gruntdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...oot/lib/bootstrap/grunt | bs-lessdoc-parser.jsbs-lessdoc-parser.js |
91:131 91:131 | view |
| 40 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/jsdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/js | modal.jsmodal.js |
51:107 51:107 | view |
| 212 | x 27 | dotnet/aspnet/mssqldb/Ap...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet/mssqldbWit...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet/webapp/App...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet/webappWith...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet46/vm-mssql...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet46/vm-webap...eWebApplication/Scriptsgithub/dotnet/aspnet/web...eWebApplication/Scriptsgithub/python/bottle/con...lication/static/scriptsgithub/python/bottle/lin...lication/static/scriptsgithub/python/django/con.../app/static/app/scripts... | respond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.js... |
48:340 48:340 48:340 48:340 48:340 48:340 48:340 48:340 48:340 48:340 ... | view |
| 38 | x 4 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefabric/VotingDatadotnet/aspnet/servicefabric/VotingWebdotnet/aspnetcore/servic.../Application/VotingDatadotnet/aspnetcore/servic...c/Application/VotingWeb |  ServiceEventSource.csServiceEventSource.csServiceEventSource.csServiceEventSource.cs |
102:141 102:141 102:141 102:141 | view |
| 40 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/jsdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/js | modal.jsmodal.js |
185:235 185:235 | view |
| 35 | x 3 | github/python/django/lin...p/static/admin/js/adminpython/django/webapp/App...n/static/admin/js/adminpython/django/webappWith...n/static/admin/js/admin | DateTimeShortcuts.jsDateTimeShortcuts.jsDateTimeShortcuts.js |
56:96 56:96 56:96 | view |
| 38 | x 27 | dotnet/aspnet/mssqldb/Ap...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet/mssqldbWit...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet/webapp/App...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet/webappWith...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet46/vm-mssql...eWebApplication/Scriptsdotnet/aspnet46/vm-webap...eWebApplication/Scriptsgithub/dotnet/aspnet/web...eWebApplication/Scriptsgithub/python/bottle/con...lication/static/scriptsgithub/python/bottle/lin...lication/static/scriptsgithub/python/django/con.../app/static/app/scripts... | respond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.jsrespond.js... |
122:177 122:177 122:177 122:177 122:177 122:177 122:177 122:177 122:177 122:177 ... | view |
| 31 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/jsdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/js | tab.jstab.js |
26:64 26:64 | view |
| 30 | x 4 | dotnet/aspnetcore22/mssq...-core-dotnet-core/Pagesdotnet/aspnetcore22/vm-m...-core-dotnet-core/Pagesdotnet/aspnetcore31/mssq...-core-dotnet-core/Pagesdotnet/aspnetcore31/vm-m...-core-dotnet-core/Pages | Index.cshtml.csIndex.cshtml.csIndex.cshtml.csIndex.cshtml.cs |
24:61 24:61 24:61 24:61 | view |
| 30 | x 3 | github/python/django/lin...ion/app/static/admin/jspython/django/webapp/Application/static/admin/jspython/django/webappWith...ication/static/admin/js | core.jscore.jscore.js |
162:192 162:192 162:192 | view |
| 29 | x 2 | dotnet/aspnet/servicefab...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/jsdotnet/aspnetcore/servic...wwroot/lib/bootstrap/js | affix.jsaffix.js |
74:113 74:113 | view |