Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 43% duplication:
- 2,169 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 947 duplicated lines
- 102 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
GeolocationSample/windows (40%)
--> NativeModulesSample/windows (54%)
264
4 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (36%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (35%)
134
4 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (31%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (59%)
118
4 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (31%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (59%)
118
4 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (76%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (31%)
116
4 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (76%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (30%)
116
4 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (76%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (58%)
116
4 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (69%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (27%)
106
3 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (27%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (52%)
104
3 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (27%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (27%)
104
3 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (27%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (27%)
104
3 file pairs
details...
PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier.Desktop (43%)
--> PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier (36%)
84
2 file pairs
details...
GeolocationSample/ios (63%)
--> NativeModulesSample/ios (74%)
80
2 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (63%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (40%)
80
4 file pairs
details...
GeolocationSample/android (60%)
--> NativeModulesSample/android (85%)
72
2 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (52%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (17%)
66
3 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (52%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (17%)
66
3 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (52%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (17%)
66
3 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (52%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (43%)
66
3 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (14%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (35%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (42%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (14%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (14%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%)
--> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (27%)
54
2 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| GeolocationSample/windows (40%) --> NativeModulesSample/windows (54%) |
264 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (36%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (35%) |
134 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (31%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (59%) |
118 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (31%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (59%) |
118 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (76%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (31%) |
116 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (76%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (30%) |
116 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (76%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (58%) |
116 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (69%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (27%) |
106 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (27%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (52%) |
104 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (27%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (27%) |
104 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (27%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (27%) |
104 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier.Desktop (43%) --> PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier (36%) |
84 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| GeolocationSample/ios (63%) --> NativeModulesSample/ios (74%) |
80 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (63%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (40%) |
80 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| GeolocationSample/android (60%) --> NativeModulesSample/android (85%) |
72 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (52%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (17%) |
66 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (52%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (17%) |
66 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (52%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (17%) |
66 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (52%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (43%) |
66 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesAdvancedManipulations (14%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/StrokesToShapes (35%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom (42%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/UnprocessedInput (14%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesLineCurving (14%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| UWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine (33%) --> UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAMLShapesManipulations (27%) |
54 | 2 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 20 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 | x 2 | GeolocationSample/ios/GeolocationSampleTestsNativeModulesSample/ios/NativeModulesSampleTests |  GeolocationSampleTests.mNativeModulesSampleTests.m |
16:65 (90%)23:68 (90%) | view |
| 27 | x 2 | GeolocationSample/windows/GeolocationSampleNativeModulesSample/windows/NativeModulesSample | vcxproj GeolocationSample.vcxprojNativeModulesSample.vcxproj |
27:62 (17%)23:58 (20%) | view |
| 27 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...esAdvancedManipulationsUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...g/XAMLShapesLineCurving |  MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:66 (20%)1:78 (19%) | view |
| 26 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Stro...oShapes/StrokesToShapesUWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInput | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:62 (100%)1:68 (19%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...g/XAMLShapesLineCurvingUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:73 (18%)1:64 (50%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Stro...oShapes/StrokesToShapesUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...esAdvancedManipulations | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:60 (96%)1:61 (18%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInputUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:66 (19%)1:64 (50%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...esAdvancedManipulationsUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:61 (18%)1:64 (50%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Stro...oShapes/StrokesToShapesUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...g/XAMLShapesLineCurving | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:60 (96%)1:73 (18%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | GeolocationSample/windows/GeolocationSampleNativeModulesSample/windows/NativeModulesSample | filters GeolocationSample.vcxproj.filtersNativeModulesSample.vcxproj.filters |
22:58 (56%)20:56 (62%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Stro...oShapes/StrokesToShapesUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:60 (96%)1:64 (50%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInputUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...g/XAMLShapesLineCurving | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:66 (19%)1:73 (18%) | view |
| 25 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInputUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...esAdvancedManipulations | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
1:66 (19%)1:61 (18%) | view |
| 22 | x 2 | PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier.DesktopPlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier | Planes.csPlanes.cs |
11:42 (100%)11:42 (100%) | view |
| 21 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Stro...oShapes/StrokesToShapesUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | App.xaml.csApp.xaml.cs |
1:97 (100%)1:97 (100%) | view |
| 21 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom/InkingAndZoomUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...esAdvancedManipulations | App.xaml.csApp.xaml.cs |
1:97 (100%)1:97 (100%) | view |
| 21 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInputUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | App.xaml.csApp.xaml.cs |
1:97 (100%)1:97 (100%) | view |
| 21 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom/InkingAndZoomUWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInput | App.xaml.csApp.xaml.cs |
1:97 (100%)1:97 (100%) | view |
| 21 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInputUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...g/XAMLShapesLineCurving | App.xaml.csApp.xaml.cs |
1:97 (100%)1:97 (100%) | view |
| 21 | x 2 | PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifierUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | App.xaml.csApp.xaml.cs |
1:97 (100%)1:97 (100%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 8 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 | x 2 | PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier.DesktopPlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier | MainWindow.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
67:97 72:102 | view |
| 20 | x 8 | PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifierUWP-Advanced-Inking/CurveALine/CurveALineUWP-Advanced-Inking/InkingAndZoom/InkingAndZoomUWP-Advanced-Inking/Stro...oShapes/StrokesToShapesUWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInputUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...esAdvancedManipulationsUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...g/XAMLShapesLineCurvingUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | App.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.csApp.xaml.cs |
40:74 40:74 40:74 40:74 40:74 40:74 40:74 40:74 | view |
| 11 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...esAdvancedManipulationsUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...g/XAMLShapesLineCurving | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
51:67 63:79 | view |
| 10 | x 2 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Stro...oShapes/StrokesToShapesUWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInput | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
50:63 56:69 | view |
| 9 | x 5 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Stro...oShapes/StrokesToShapesUWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInputUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...esAdvancedManipulationsUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...g/XAMLShapesLineCurvingUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
34:48 42:54 35:49 47:61 38:52 | view |
| 8 | x 2 | PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier.DesktopPlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier | Planes.csPlanes.cs |
35:43 35:43 | view |
| 8 | x 5 | UWP-Advanced-Inking/Stro...oShapes/StrokesToShapesUWP-Advanced-Inking/Unpr...dInput/UnprocessedInputUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...esAdvancedManipulationsUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...g/XAMLShapesLineCurvingUWP-Advanced-Inking/XAML...XAMLShapesManipulations | MainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.csMainPage.xaml.cs |
20:32 28:40 21:33 33:45 24:36 | view |
| 7 | x 2 | PlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier.DesktopPlaneIdentifier/PlaneIdentifier | Planes.csPlanes.cs |
27:34 27:34 | view |