openai / openai-cookbook
Duplication

Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.

Intro
  • For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
  • Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
  • You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
Learn more...
Duplication Overall
  • 13% duplication:
    • 7,712 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
    • 1,072 duplicated lines
  • 450 duplicates
system13% (1,072 lines)
dependency graphs: 2D graph | 2D graph (with duplicates)... | 3D graph | 3D graph (with duplicates)...
Duplication per Extension
ipynb17% (683 lines)
yaml10% (389 lines)
Duplication per Component (primary)
articles17% (683 lines)
ROOT10% (389 lines)
.github0% (0 lines)
Longest Duplicates
The list of 50 longest duplicates.
See data for all 450 duplicates...
Size#FoldersFilesLinesCode
19 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
1172:1190 (1%)
185:203 (9%)
view
13 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
730:742 (1%)
772:784 (1%)
view
13 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
655:667 (1%)
229:241 (5%)
view
13 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
716:728 (1%)
730:742 (1%)
view
13 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
716:728 (1%)
772:784 (1%)
view
12 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
573:584 (1%)
610:621 (1%)
view
10 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
697:706 (<1%)
1128:1137 (<1%)
view
10 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
697:706 (<1%)
1359:1368 (<1%)
view
10 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
697:706 (<1%)
888:897 (<1%)
view
10 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
888:897 (<1%)
1128:1137 (<1%)
view
10 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
888:897 (<1%)
1359:1368 (<1%)
view
10 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
1128:1137 (<1%)
1359:1368 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 ROOT
ROOT
3204:3212 (<1%)
3217:3225 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
57:65 (<1%)
561:569 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
561:569 (<1%)
624:632 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 ROOT
ROOT
3191:3199 (<1%)
3204:3212 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
57:65 (<1%)
299:307 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 ROOT
ROOT
3191:3199 (<1%)
3217:3225 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
407:415 (<1%)
561:569 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
605:613 (<1%)
819:827 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
407:415 (<1%)
624:632 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
57:65 (<1%)
407:415 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
299:307 (<1%)
561:569 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
299:307 (<1%)
624:632 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
57:65 (<1%)
624:632 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
299:307 (<1%)
407:415 (<1%)
view
9 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
151:159 (3%)
194:202 (3%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
591:598 (<1%)
805:812 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
721:728 (<1%)
791:798 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
1051:1058 (<1%)
1293:1300 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
791:798 (<1%)
805:812 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
735:742 (<1%)
805:812 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
777:784 (<1%)
805:812 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 ROOT
ROOT
1448:1455 (<1%)
1460:1467 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
591:598 (<1%)
721:728 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
591:598 (<1%)
735:742 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
591:598 (<1%)
749:756 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
140:147 (3%)
149:156 (3%)
view
8 x 2 ROOT
ROOT
3177:3184 (<1%)
3217:3224 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
763:770 (<1%)
777:784 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 ROOT
ROOT
3177:3184 (<1%)
3204:3211 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
763:770 (<1%)
791:798 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
832:839 (<1%)
1051:1058 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
832:839 (<1%)
1293:1300 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
777:784 (<1%)
791:798 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 ROOT
ROOT
3177:3184 (<1%)
3191:3198 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
326:333 (1%)
577:584 (1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
763:770 (<1%)
805:812 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
749:756 (<1%)
763:770 (<1%)
view
8 x 2 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
1293:1300 (<1%)
1518:1525 (<1%)
view
Most Frequent Duplicates
The list of 43 most frequently found duplicates.
Size#FoldersFilesLinesCode
6 x 20 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
...
47:52 (2%)
44:49 (<1%)
57:62 (<1%)
118:123 (<1%)
184:189 (<1%)
245:250 (<1%)
299:304 (<1%)
407:412 (<1%)
561:566 (<1%)
624:629 (<1%)
...
view
6 x 12 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
...
8:13 (2%)
24:29 (2%)
36:41 (2%)
43:48 (2%)
57:62 (2%)
68:73 (2%)
89:94 (2%)
96:101 (2%)
103:108 (2%)
119:124 (2%)
...
view
6 x 10 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
591:596 (<1%)
605:610 (<1%)
721:726 (<1%)
735:740 (<1%)
749:754 (<1%)
763:768 (<1%)
777:782 (<1%)
791:796 (<1%)
805:810 (<1%)
819:824 (<1%)
view
6 x 9 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
58:63 (<1%)
300:305 (<1%)
408:413 (<1%)
562:567 (<1%)
625:630 (<1%)
698:703 (<1%)
889:894 (<1%)
1129:1134 (<1%)
1360:1365 (<1%)
view
6 x 9 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
68:73 (<1%)
310:315 (<1%)
418:423 (<1%)
572:577 (<1%)
635:640 (<1%)
709:714 (<1%)
900:905 (<1%)
1140:1145 (<1%)
1371:1376 (<1%)
view
6 x 8 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
593:598 (<1%)
723:728 (<1%)
737:742 (<1%)
751:756 (<1%)
765:770 (<1%)
779:784 (<1%)
793:798 (<1%)
807:812 (<1%)
view
6 x 8 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
171:176 (<1%)
212:217 (<1%)
267:272 (<1%)
346:351 (<1%)
410:415 (<1%)
573:578 (<1%)
1041:1046 (<1%)
1077:1082 (<1%)
view
6 x 8 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
592:597 (<1%)
722:727 (<1%)
736:741 (<1%)
750:755 (<1%)
764:769 (<1%)
778:783 (<1%)
792:797 (<1%)
806:811 (<1%)
view
6 x 5 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
60:65 (<1%)
302:307 (<1%)
410:415 (<1%)
564:569 (<1%)
627:632 (<1%)
view
6 x 5 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
59:64 (<1%)
301:306 (<1%)
409:414 (<1%)
563:568 (<1%)
626:631 (<1%)
view
6 x 5 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
1729:1734 (<1%)
1780:1785 (<1%)
1831:1836 (<1%)
1911:1916 (<1%)
1931:1936 (<1%)
view
6 x 5 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
502:507 (<1%)
514:519 (<1%)
525:530 (<1%)
536:541 (<1%)
547:552 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
942:947 (<1%)
1192:1197 (<1%)
1214:1219 (<1%)
1327:1332 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
862:867 (<1%)
1089:1094 (<1%)
1331:1336 (<1%)
1553:1558 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
832:837 (<1%)
1051:1056 (<1%)
1293:1298 (<1%)
1518:1523 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
833:838 (<1%)
1052:1057 (<1%)
1294:1299 (<1%)
1519:1524 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
3177:3182 (<1%)
3191:3196 (<1%)
3204:3209 (<1%)
3217:3222 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
834:839 (<1%)
1053:1058 (<1%)
1295:1300 (<1%)
1520:1525 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
3178:3183 (<1%)
3192:3197 (<1%)
3205:3210 (<1%)
3218:3223 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
700:705 (<1%)
891:896 (<1%)
1131:1136 (<1%)
1362:1367 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
701:706 (<1%)
892:897 (<1%)
1132:1137 (<1%)
1363:1368 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
699:704 (<1%)
890:895 (<1%)
1130:1135 (<1%)
1361:1366 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
3179:3184 (<1%)
3193:3198 (<1%)
3206:3211 (<1%)
3219:3224 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
941:946 (<1%)
1191:1196 (<1%)
1213:1218 (<1%)
1326:1331 (<1%)
view
6 x 4 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
863:868 (<1%)
1090:1095 (<1%)
1332:1337 (<1%)
1554:1559 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
328:333 (<1%)
579:584 (<1%)
616:621 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
327:332 (<1%)
578:583 (<1%)
615:620 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
3194:3199 (<1%)
3207:3212 (<1%)
3220:3225 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
974:979 (<1%)
1448:1453 (<1%)
1460:1465 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
719:724 (<1%)
733:738 (<1%)
775:780 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
2514:2519 (<1%)
2526:2531 (<1%)
2538:2543 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
111:116 (2%)
141:146 (2%)
150:155 (2%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
716:721 (<1%)
730:735 (<1%)
772:777 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
112:117 (2%)
142:147 (2%)
151:156 (2%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
718:723 (<1%)
732:737 (<1%)
774:779 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
816:821 (<1%)
827:832 (<1%)
838:843 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
1146:1151 (<1%)
1252:1257 (<1%)
1262:1267 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
326:331 (<1%)
577:582 (<1%)
614:619 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
110:115 (2%)
140:145 (2%)
149:154 (2%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
720:725 (<1%)
734:739 (<1%)
776:781 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
335:340 (<1%)
588:593 (<1%)
623:628 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
articles/gpt-oss
717:722 (<1%)
731:736 (<1%)
773:778 (<1%)
view
6 x 3 ROOT
ROOT
ROOT
817:823 (<1%)
828:834 (<1%)
839:845 (<1%)
view