#!/usr/local/bin/python

# sgflib.py (Smart Game Format Parser Library)
# Copyright (C) 2000  David John Goodger (dgoodger@bigfoot.com)
# 
# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the
# Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
# option) any later version.
# 
# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License
# for more details.
# 
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
# (lgpl.txt) along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
# The license is currently available on the Internet at:
#     http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html

"""
=============================================
 Smart Game Format Parser Library: sgflib.py
=============================================
version 1.0 (2000-03-27)

Homepage: [[http://gotools.sourceforge.net]]

Copyright (C) 2000 David John Goodger ([[mailto:dgoodger@bigfoot.com]]; davidg
on NNGS, IGS, goclub.org). sgflib.py comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is
free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it and/or modify it under the
terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License; see the source code for details.

Description
===========
This library contains a parser and classes for SGF, the Smart Game Format. SGF
is a text only, tree based file format designed to store game records of board
games for two players, most commonly for the game of go. (See the official SGF
specification at [[http://www.POBoxes.com/sgf/]]).

Given a string containing a complete SGF data instance, the 'SGFParser' class
will create a 'Collection' object consisting of one or more 'GameTree''s (one
'GameTree' per game in the SGF file), each containing a sequence of 'Node''s and
(potentially) two or more variation 'GameTree''s (branches). Each 'Node'
contains an ordered dictionary of 'Property' ID/value pairs (note that values
are lists, and can have multiple entries).

Tree traversal methods are provided through the 'Cursor' class.

The default representation (using 'str()' or 'print') of each class of SGF
objects is the Smart Game Format itself."""


# Revision History:
#
# 1.0 (2000-03-27): First public release.
# - Ready for prime time.
#
# 0.1 (2000-01-16):
# - Initial idea & started coding.


import string, re
from typelib import List, Dictionary


# Parsing Exceptions

class EndOfDataParseError(Exception):
	""" Raised by 'SGFParser.parseVariations()', 'SGFParser.parseNode()'."""
	pass

class GameTreeParseError(Exception):
	""" Raised by 'SGFParser.parseGameTree()'."""
	pass

class NodePropertyParseError(Exception):
	""" Raised by 'SGFParser.parseNode()'."""
	pass

class PropertyValueParseError(Exception):
	""" Raised by 'SGFParser.parsePropertyValue()'."""
	pass

# Tree Construction Exceptions

class DirectAccessError(Exception):
	""" Raised by 'Node.__setitem__()', 'Node.update()'."""
	pass
	
class DuplicatePropertyError(Exception):
	""" Raised by 'Node.addProperty()'."""
	pass

# Tree Navigation Exceptions
class GameTreeNavigationError(Exception):
	""" Raised by 'Cursor.next()'."""
	pass

class GameTreeEndError(Exception):
	""" Raised by 'Cursor.next()', 'Cursor.previous()'."""
	pass


# for type checking
INT_TYPE 			= type(0)					# constant

# miscellaneous constants
MAX_LINE_LEN		= 76						# constant; for line breaks


class SGFParser:
	"""
	Parser for SGF data. Creates a tree structure based on the SGF standard
	itself. 'SGFParser.parse()' will return a 'Collection' object for the entire
	data.

	Instance Attributes:
	- self.data : string -- The complete SGF data instance.
	- self.datalen : integer -- Length of 'self.data'.
	- self.index : integer -- Current parsing position in 'self.data'.

	Class Attributes:
	- re* : re.RegexObject -- Regular expression text matching patterns.
	- ctrltrans: string[256] -- Control character translation table for
	  string.translate(), used to remove all control characters from Property
	  values. May be overridden (preferably in instances)."""

	# text matching patterns
	reGameTreeStart 	= re.compile(r'\s*\(')
	reGameTreeEnd 		= re.compile(r'\s*\)')
	reGameTreeNext 		= re.compile(r'\s*(;|\(|\))')
	reNodeContents 		= re.compile(r'\s*([A-Za-z]+(?=\s*\[))')
	rePropertyStart 	= re.compile(r'\s*\[')
	rePropertyEnd 		= re.compile(r'\]')
	reEscape 			= re.compile(r'\\')
	reLineBreak 		= re.compile(r'\r\n?|\n\r?')	# CR, LF, CR/LF, LF/CR


	# character translation tables
	# for control characters (except LF \012 & CR \015): convert to spaces
	ctrltrans 			= string.maketrans("\000\001\002\003\004\005\006\007" +
						 "\010\011\013\014\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027" +
						 "\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037", " "*30)

	def __init__(self, data):
		""" Initialize the instance attributes. See the class itself for info."""
		self.data = data
		self.datalen = len(data)
		self.index = 0

	def parse(self):
		""" Parses the SGF data stored in 'self.data', and returns a 'Collection'."""
		c = Collection()
		while self.index < self.datalen:
			g = self.parseOneGame()
			if g:
				c.append(g)
			else:
				break
		return c

	def parseOneGame(self):
		""" Parses one game from 'self.data'. Returns a 'GameTree' containing
			one game, or 'None' if the end of 'self.data' has been reached."""
		if self.index < self.datalen:
			match = self.reGameTreeStart.match(self.data, self.index)
			if match:
				self.index = match.end()
				return self.parseGameTree()
		return None

	def parseGameTree(self):
		""" Called when "(" encountered, ends when a matching ")" encountered.
			Parses and returns one 'GameTree' from 'self.data'. Raises
			'GameTreeParseError' if a problem is encountered."""
		g = GameTree()
		while self.index < self.datalen:
			match = self.reGameTreeNext.match(self.data, self.index)
			if match:
				self.index = match.end()
				if match.group(1) == ";":				# found start of node
					if g.variations:
						raise GameTreeParseError(
									"A node was encountered after a variation.")
					g.append(g.makeNode(self.parseNode()))
				elif match.group(1) == "(":				# found start of variation
					g.variations = self.parseVariations()
				else:									# found end of GameTree ")"
					return g
			else:										# error
				raise GameTreeParseError
		return g

	def parseVariations(self):
		""" Called when "(" encountered inside a 'GameTree', ends when a
			non-matching ")" encountered. Returns a list of variation
			'GameTree''s. Raises 'EndOfDataParseError' if the end of 'self.data'
			is reached before the end of the enclosing 'GameTree'."""
		v = []
		while self.index < self.datalen:
			# check for ")" at end of GameTree, but don't consume it
			match = self.reGameTreeEnd.match(self.data, self.index)
			if match:
				return v
			g = self.parseGameTree()
			if g:
				v.append(g)
			# check for next variation, and consume "("
			match = self.reGameTreeStart.match(self.data, self.index)
			if match:
				self.index = match.end()
		raise EndOfDataParseError

	def parseNode(self):
		""" Called when ";" encountered (& is consumed). Parses and returns one
			'Node', which can be empty. Raises 'NodePropertyParseError' if no
			property values are extracted. Raises 'EndOfDataParseError' if the
			end of 'self.data' is reached before the end of the node (i.e., the
			start of the next node, the start of a variation, or the end of the
			enclosing game tree)."""
		n = Node()
		while self.index < self.datalen:
			match = self.reNodeContents.match(self.data, self.index)
			if match:
				self.index = match.end()
				pvlist = self.parsePropertyValue()
				if pvlist:
					n.addProperty(n.makeProperty(match.group(1), pvlist))
				else:
					raise NodePropertyParseError
			else:										# reached end of Node
				return n
		raise EndOfDataParseError

	def parsePropertyValue(self):
		""" Called when "[" encountered (but not consumed), ends when the next
			property, node, or variation encountered. Parses and returns a list
			of property values. Raises 'PropertyValueParseError' if there is a
			problem."""
		pvlist = []
		while self.index < self.datalen:
			match = self.rePropertyStart.match(self.data, self.index)
			if match:
				self.index = match.end()
				v = ""									# value
				# scan for escaped characters (using '\'), unescape them (remove linebreaks)
				mend = self.rePropertyEnd.search(self.data, self.index)
				mesc = self.reEscape.search(self.data, self.index)
				while mesc and mend and (mesc.end() < mend.end()):
														# copy up to '\', but remove '\'
					v = v + self.data[self.index:mesc.start()]
					mbreak = self.reLineBreak.match(self.data, mesc.end())
					if mbreak:
						self.index = mbreak.end()		# remove linebreak
					else:
						v = v + self.data[mesc.end()]	# copy escaped character
						self.index = mesc.end() + 1		# move to point after escaped char
					mend = self.rePropertyEnd.search(self.data, self.index)
					mesc = self.reEscape.search(self.data, self.index)
				if mend:
					v = v + self.data[self.index:mend.start()]
					self.index = mend.end()
					pvlist.append(self._convertControlChars(v))
				else:
					raise PropertyValueParseError
			else:										# reached end of Property
				break
		if len(pvlist) >= 1:
			return pvlist
		else:
			raise PropertyValueParseError

	def _convertControlChars(self, text):
		""" Converts control characters in 'text' to spaces, using the
			'self.ctrltrans' translation table. Override for variant
			behaviour."""
		return string.translate(text, self.ctrltrans)


class RootNodeSGFParser(SGFParser):
	""" For parsing only the first 'GameTree''s root Node of an SGF file."""

	def parseNode(self):
		""" Calls 'SGFParser.parseNode()', sets 'self.index' to point to the end
			of the data (effectively ending the 'GameTree' and 'Collection'),
			and returns the single (root) 'Node' parsed."""
		n = SGFParser.parseNode(self)			# process one Node as usual
		self.index = self.datalen				# set end of data
		return n								# we're only interested in the root node


class Collection(List):
	"""
	An SGF collection: multiple 'GameTree''s. Instance atributes:
	- self[.data] : list of 'GameTree' -- One 'GameTree' per game."""

	def __str__(self):
		""" SGF representation. Separates game trees with a blank line."""
		return string.join(map(str, self.data), "\n"*2)

	def cursor(self, gamenum=0):
		""" Returns a 'Cursor' object for navigation of the given 'GameTree'."""
		return Cursor(self[gamenum])


class GameTree(List):
	"""
	An SGF game tree: a game or variation. Instance attributes:
	- self[.data] : list of 'Node' -- game tree 'trunk'.
	- self.variations : list of 'GameTree' -- 0 or 2+ variations.
	  'self.variations[0]' contains the main branch (sequence actually played)."""

	def __init__(self, nodelist=None, variations=None):
		"""
			Initialize the 'GameTree'. Arguments:
			- nodelist : 'GameTree' or list of 'Node' -- Stored in 'self.data'.
			- variations : list of 'GameTree' -- Stored in 'self.variations'."""
		List.__init__(self, nodelist)
		self.variations = variations or []

	def __str__(self):
		""" SGF representation, with proper line breaks between nodes."""
		if len(self):
			s = "(" + str(self[0])				# append the first Node automatically
			l = len(string.split(s, "\n")[-1])	# accounts for line breaks within Nodes
			for n in map(str, self[1:]):
				if l + len(string.split(n, "\n")[0]) > MAX_LINE_LEN:
					s = s + "\n"
					l = 0
				s = s + n
				l = len(string.split(s, "\n")[-1])
			return s + string.join(map(str, [""] + self.variations), "\n") + ")"
		else:
			return ""							# empty GameTree illegal; "()" illegal

	def mainline(self):
		""" Returns the main line of the game (variation A) as a 'GameTree'."""
		if self.variations:
			return GameTree(self.data + self.variations[0].mainline())
		else:
			return self

	def makeNode(self, plist):
		"""
			Create a new 'Node' containing the properties contained in 'plist'.
			Override/extend to create 'Node' subclass instances (move, setup).
			Argument:
			- plist : 'Node' or list of 'Property'"""
		return Node(plist)

	def cursor(self):
		""" Returns a 'Cursor' object for navigation of this 'GameTree'."""
		return Cursor(self)

	def propertySearch(self, pid, getall=0):
		"""
			Searches this 'GameTree' for nodes containing matching properties.
			Returns a 'GameTree' containing the matched node(s). Arguments:
			- pid : string -- ID of properties to search for.
			- getall : boolean -- Set to true (1) to return all 'Node''s that
			  match, or to false (0) to return only the first match."""
		matches = []
		for n in self:
			if n.has_key(pid):
				matches.append(n)
				if not getall:
					break
		else:	# getall or not matches:
			for v in self.variations:
				matches = matches + v.propertySearch(pid, getall)
				if not getall and matches:
					break
		return GameTree(matches)


class Node(Dictionary):
	"""
	An SGF node. Instance Attributes:
	- self[.data] : ordered dictionary -- '{Property.id:Property}' mapping.
	  (Ordered dictionary: allows offset-indexed retrieval). Properties *must*
	  be added using 'self.addProperty()'.

	Example: Let 'n' be a 'Node' parsed from ';B[aa]BL[250]C[comment]':
	- 'str(n["BL"])'  =>  '"BL[250]"'
	- 'str(n[0])'     =>  '"B[aa]"'
	- 'map(str, n)'   =>  '["B[aa]","BL[250]","C[comment]"]'"""

	def __init__(self, plist=[]):
		"""
			Initializer. Argument:
			- plist: Node or list of 'Property'."""
		Dictionary.__init__(self)
		self.order = []
		for p in plist:
			self.addProperty(p)

	def __getitem__(self, key):
		""" On 'self[key]', 'x in self', 'for x in self'. Implements all
			indexing-related operations. Allows both key- and offset-indexed
			retrieval. Membership and iteration ('in', 'for') repeatedly index
			from 0 until 'IndexError'."""
		if type(key) is INT_TYPE:
			return self.order[key]
		else:
			return self.data[key]

	def __setitem__(self, key, x):
		""" On 'self[key]=x'. Allows assignment to existing items only. Raises 
			'DirectAccessError' on new item assignment."""
		if self.has_key(key):
			self.order[self.order.index(self[key])] = x
			Dictionary.__setitem__(self, key, x)
		else:
			raise DirectAccessError(
				"Properties may not be added directly; use addProperty() instead.")

	def __delitem__(self, key):
		""" On 'del self[key]'. Updates 'self.order' to maintain consistency."""
		self.order.remove(self[key])
		Dictionary.__delitem__(self, key)

	def __getslice__(self, low, high):
		""" On 'self[low:high]'."""
		return self.order[low:high]

	def __str__(self):
		""" SGF representation, with proper line breaks between properties."""
		if len(self):
			s = ";" + str(self[0])
			l = len(string.split(s, "\n")[-1])	# accounts for line breaks within Properties
			for p in map(str, self[1:]):
				if l + len(string.split(p, "\n")[0]) > MAX_LINE_LEN:
					s = s + "\n"
					l = 0
				s = s + p
				l = len(string.split(s, "\n")[-1])
			return s
		else:
			return ";"

	def update(self, dict):
		""" 'Dictionary' method not applicable to 'Node'. Raises 
			'DirectAccessError'."""
		raise DirectAccessError(
			"The update() method is not supported by Node; use addProperty() instead.")

	def addProperty(self, property):
		"""
			Adds a 'Property' to this 'Node'. Checks for duplicate properties
			(illegal), and maintains the property order. Argument:
			- property : 'Property'"""
		if self.has_key(property.id):
			raise DuplicatePropertyError
		else:
			self.data[property.id] = property
			self.order.append(property)

	def makeProperty(self, id, valuelist):
		"""
			Create a new 'Property'. Override/extend to create 'Property'
			subclass instances (move, setup, game-info, etc.). Arguments:
			- id : string
			- valuelist : 'Property' or list of values"""
		return Property(id, valuelist)


class Property(List):
	"""
	An SGF property: a set of label and value(s). Instance attributes:
	- self[.data] : list -- property values.
	- self.id : string -- SGF standard property label.
	- self.name : string -- actual label used in the SGF data. For example, the
	  property 'CoPyright[...]' has name 'CoPyright' and id 'CP'."""

	def __init__(self, id, values, name=None):
		"""
			Initialize the 'Property'. Arguments:
			- id : string
			- name : string (optional) -- If not given, 'self.name' 
			- nodelist : 'GameTree' or list of 'Node' -- Stored in 'self.data'.
			- variations : list of 'GameTree' -- Stored in 'self.variations'."""
		List.__init__(self, values)				# XXX will _convert work here?
		self.id = id
		self.name = name or id

	def __str__(self):
		return self.name + "[" + string.join(map(_escapeText, self), "][") + "]"


class Cursor:
	"""
	'GameTree' navigation tool. Instance attributes:
	- self.game : 'GameTree' -- The root 'GameTree'.
	- self.gametree : 'GameTree' -- The current 'GameTree'.
	- self.node : 'Node' -- The current Node.
	- self.nodenum : integer -- The offset of 'self.node' from the root of
	  'self.game'. The nodenum of the root node is 0.
	- self.index : integer -- The offset of 'self.node' within 'self.gametree'.
	- self.stack : list of 'GameTree' -- A record of 'GameTree''s traversed.
	- self.children : list of 'Node' -- All child nodes of the current node.
	- self.atEnd : boolean -- Flags if we are at the end of a branch.
	- self.atStart : boolean -- Flags if we are at the start of the game."""

	def __init__(self, gametree):
		""" Initialize root 'GameTree' and instance variables."""
		self.game = gametree					# root GameTree
		self.reset()

	def reset(self):
		""" Set 'Cursor' to point to the start of the root 'GameTree', 'self.game'."""
		self.gametree = self.game
		self.nodenum = 0
		self.index = 0
		self.stack = []
		self.node = self.gametree[self.index]
		self._setChildren()
		self._setFlags()

	def next(self, varnum=0):
		"""
			Moves the 'Cursor' to & returns the next 'Node'. Raises
			'GameTreeEndError' if the end of a branch is exceeded. Raises
			'GameTreeNavigationError' if a non-existent variation is accessed.
			Argument:
			- varnum : integer, default 0 -- Variation number. Non-zero only
			  valid at a branching, where variations exist."""
		if self.index + 1 < len(self.gametree):	# more main line?
			if varnum != 0:
				raise GameTreeNavigationError("Nonexistent variation.")
			self.index = self.index + 1
		elif self.gametree.variations:			# variations exist?
			if varnum < len(self.gametree.variations):
				self.stack.append(self.gametree)
				self.gametree = self.gametree.variations[varnum]
				self.index = 0
			else:
				raise GameTreeNavigationError("Nonexistent variation.")
		else:
			raise GameTreeEndError
		self.node = self.gametree[self.index]
		self.nodenum = self.nodenum + 1
		self._setChildren()
		self._setFlags()
		return self.node

	def previous(self):
		""" Moves the 'Cursor' to & returns the previous 'Node'. Raises
			'GameTreeEndError' if the start of a branch is exceeded."""
		if self.index - 1 >= 0:					# more main line?
			self.index = self.index - 1
		elif self.stack:						# were we in a variation?
			self.gametree = self.stack.pop()
			self.index = len(self.gametree) - 1
		else:
			raise GameTreeEndError
		self.node = self.gametree[self.index]
		self.nodenum = self.nodenum - 1
		self._setChildren()
		self._setFlags()
		return self.node

	def _setChildren(self):
		""" Sets up 'self.children'."""
		if self.index + 1 < len(self.gametree):
			self.children = [self.gametree[self.index+1]]
		else:
			self.children = map(lambda list: list[0], self.gametree.variations)

	def _setFlags(self):
		""" Sets up the flags 'self.atEnd' and 'self.atStart'."""
		self.atEnd = not self.gametree.variations and (self.index + 1 == len(self.gametree))
		self.atStart = not self.stack and (self.index == 0)


reCharsToEscape = re.compile(r'\]|\\')			# characters that need to be \escaped

def _escapeText(text):
	""" Adds backslash-escapes to property value characters that need them."""
	output = ""
	index = 0
	match = reCharsToEscape.search(text, index)
	while match:
		output = output + text[index:match.start()] + '\\' + text[match.start()]
		index = match.end()
		match = reCharsToEscape.search(text, index)
	output = output + text[index:]
	return output


def selfTest1(onConsole=0):
	""" Canned data test case"""
	sgfdata = r"""  	 (;GM [1]US[someone]CoPyright[\
  Permission to reproduce this game is given.]GN[a-b]EV[None]RE[B+Resign]
PW[a]WR[2k*]PB[b]BR[4k*]PC[somewhere]DT[2000-01-16]SZ[19]TM[300]KM[4.5]
HA[3]AB[pd][dp][dd];W[pp];B[nq];W[oq]C[ x started observation.
](;B[qc]C[ [b\]: \\ hi x! ;-) \\];W[kc])(;B[hc];W[oe]))   """
	print "\n\n********** Self-Test 1 **********\n"
	print "Input data:\n"
	print sgfdata
	print "\n\nParsed data: "
	col = SGFParser(sgfdata).parse()
	print "done\n"
	cstr = str(col)
	print cstr, "\n"
	print "Mainline:\n"
	m = col[0].mainline()
	print m, "\n"
	##print "as GameTree:\n"
	##print GameTree(m), "\n"
	print "Tree traversal (forward):\n"
	c = col.cursor()
	while 1:
		print "nodenum: %s; index: %s; children: %s; node: %s" % (c.nodenum, c.index, len(c.children), c.node)
		if c.atEnd: break
		c.next()
	print "\nTree traversal (backward):\n"
	while 1:
		print "nodenum: %s; index: %s; children: %s; node: %s" % (c.nodenum, c.index, len(c.children), c.node)
		if c.atStart: break
		c.previous()
	print "\nSearch for property 'B':"
	print col[0].propertySearch("B", 1)
	print "\nSearch for property 'C':"
	print col[0].propertySearch("C", 1)
	pass

def selfTest2(onConsole=0):
	""" Macintosh-based SGF file test"""
	import macfs
	print "\n\n********** Self-Test 2 (Mac) **********\n"
	thefile = macfs.PromptGetFile("Please choose an SGF file:")
	if not thefile[1]:
		return
	srcpath = thefile[0].as_pathname()
	src = open(srcpath, 'r')
	sgfdata = src.read()
	print "Input data:\n"
	print sgfdata
	print "\n\nParsed data:"
	col = SGFParser(sgfdata).parse()
	print "done\n"
	print str(col)


if __name__ == '__main__':
	print __doc__								# show module's documentation string
	selfTest1()
	import os
	if os.name == 'mac':
		selfTest2()