Duplication · guardian/about-us

Duplication Overall

14% duplication:

4,226 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
606 duplicated lines

150 duplicates

dependency graphs: 2D graph | 2D graph (with duplicates)... | 3D graph | 3D graph (with duplicates)...

Duplication per Extension

Duplication per Component (primary)

Longest Duplicates

The list of 50 longest duplicates.

See data for all 150 duplicates...

Size	#	Folders	Files	Lines	Code
48	x 2	src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	294:341 (14%) 220:267 (15%)	view
17	x 2	src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	51:69 (7%) 75:93 (7%)	view
16	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	50:68 (4%) 46:64 (5%)	view
13	x 2	src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	51:65 (5%) 165:179 (5%)	view
13	x 2	src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	75:89 (5%) 165:179 (5%)	view
13	x 2	src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	102:115 (5%) 143:156 (5%)	view
13	x 2	src/pages src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	73:87 (3%) 68:82 (4%)	view
12	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	46:59 (3%) 53:66 (4%)	view
12	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	50:63 (3%) 53:66 (4%)	view
11	x 2	src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	102:113 (4%) 121:132 (4%)	view
11	x 2	src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	102:113 (4%) 278:289 (4%)	view
11	x 2	src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	121:132 (4%) 143:154 (4%)	view
11	x 2	src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	121:132 (4%) 278:289 (4%)	view
11	x 2	src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	143:154 (4%) 278:289 (4%)	view
11	x 2	src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	68:81 (3%) 56:69 (3%)	view
10	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	232:241 (3%) 254:263 (3%)	view
10	x 2	src/pages src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx	306:315 (3%) 328:337 (3%)	view
10	x 2	src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	306:315 (3%) 254:263 (3%)	view
10	x 2	src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	328:337 (3%) 232:241 (3%)	view
10	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	146:155 (3%) 177:186 (3%)	view
10	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	181:190 (2%) 177:186 (3%)	view
10	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	181:190 (2%) 146:155 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	121:129 (2%) 147:155 (2%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	178:186 (3%) 221:229 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	178:186 (3%) 254:262 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	221:229 (3%) 254:262 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	121:129 (2%) 178:186 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	121:129 (2%) 221:229 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	121:129 (2%) 254:262 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	147:155 (2%) 221:229 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	147:155 (2%) 254:262 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx	70:79 (2%) 78:87 (2%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	70:79 (2%) 73:82 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	182:190 (2%) 221:229 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	182:190 (2%) 254:262 (3%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	182:190 (2%) 121:129 (2%)	view
9	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	354:362 (2%) 319:327 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/history	index.tsx index.tsx	159:166 (2%) 235:242 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages/history src/pages/history	index.tsx index.tsx	181:188 (2%) 256:263 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	122:129 (2%) 267:274 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	148:155 (2%) 267:274 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/components/footer src/components/footer	footer.tsx footer.tsx	293:300 (2%) 306:313 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx	197:204 (2%) 341:348 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx	287:294 (2%) 307:314 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx	287:294 (2%) 329:336 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	58:66 (2%) 53:61 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	58:66 (2%) 46:54 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	287:294 (2%) 233:240 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx	287:294 (2%) 255:262 (2%)	view
8	x 2	src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx	267:274 (2%) 179:186 (2%)	view

Most Frequent Duplicates

The list of 45 most frequently found duplicates.

Size	#	Folders	Files	Lines	Code
6	x 12	src/components src/components src/pages/journalism src/pages src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages src/pages ...	detailsAndImage.tsx responsiveCardVariant1.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx ...	134:139 (5%) 98:103 (6%) 213:218 (1%) 287:292 (1%) 223:228 (1%) 233:238 (1%) 245:250 (1%) 255:260 (1%) 297:302 (1%) 307:312 (1%) ...	view
6	x 8	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages/history	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	183:188 (1%) 122:127 (1%) 179:184 (2%) 222:227 (2%) 255:260 (2%) 148:153 (1%) 267:272 (1%) 258:263 (1%)	view
6	x 8	src/pages src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages src/pages src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	296:301 (1%) 222:227 (1%) 232:237 (1%) 244:249 (1%) 254:259 (1%) 306:311 (1%) 318:323 (1%) 328:333 (1%)	view
6	x 7	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation src/pages/journalism src/pages/history	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	182:187 (1%) 121:126 (1%) 178:183 (2%) 221:226 (2%) 254:259 (2%) 147:152 (1%) 257:262 (1%)	view
6	x 7	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	185:190 (1%) 124:129 (1%) 181:186 (2%) 224:229 (2%) 257:262 (2%) 150:155 (1%) 269:274 (1%)	view
6	x 7	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation src/pages/organisation src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	184:189 (1%) 123:128 (1%) 180:185 (2%) 223:228 (2%) 256:261 (2%) 149:154 (1%) 268:273 (1%)	view
6	x 7	src/styles src/styles src/styles src/styles src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	51:56 (2%) 75:80 (2%) 102:107 (2%) 121:126 (2%) 143:148 (2%) 165:170 (2%) 278:283 (2%)	view
6	x 5	src/pages src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	289:294 (1%) 235:240 (1%) 257:262 (1%) 309:314 (1%) 331:336 (1%)	view
6	x 5	src/pages src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	288:293 (1%) 234:239 (1%) 256:261 (1%) 308:313 (1%) 330:335 (1%)	view
6	x 4	src/styles src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	103:109 (2%) 122:128 (2%) 144:150 (2%) 279:285 (2%)	view
6	x 4	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/organisation src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	50:55 (1%) 58:63 (1%) 53:58 (2%) 46:51 (1%)	view
6	x 4	src/styles src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	104:110 (2%) 123:129 (2%) 145:151 (2%) 280:286 (2%)	view
6	x 4	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation src/pages/history	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	181:186 (1%) 146:151 (1%) 177:182 (2%) 256:261 (1%)	view
6	x 4	src/styles src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	106:112 (2%) 125:131 (2%) 147:153 (2%) 282:288 (2%)	view
6	x 4	src/styles src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	105:111 (2%) 124:130 (2%) 146:152 (2%) 281:287 (2%)	view
6	x 4	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/organisation src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	51:56 (1%) 59:64 (1%) 54:59 (2%) 47:52 (1%)	view
6	x 4	src/pages/history src/pages src/components src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx latestNews.tsx index.tsx	296:301 (1%) 198:203 (1%) 136:141 (5%) 342:347 (1%)	view
6	x 4	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/organisation src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	52:58 (1%) 60:66 (1%) 55:61 (2%) 48:54 (1%)	view
6	x 4	src/styles src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	107:113 (2%) 126:132 (2%) 148:154 (2%) 283:289 (2%)	view
6	x 4	src/pages src/pages/journalism src/pages/journalism src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	310:315 (1%) 236:241 (1%) 258:263 (1%) 332:337 (1%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages src/pages/organisation src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	74:81 (1%) 69:76 (2%) 62:69 (1%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	71:77 (1%) 79:85 (1%) 74:80 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	55:61 (1%) 51:57 (1%) 58:64 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	55:61 (2%) 79:85 (2%) 169:175 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	53:59 (2%) 77:83 (2%) 167:173 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	64:69 (2%) 88:93 (2%) 286:291 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	52:58 (2%) 76:82 (2%) 166:172 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	60:66 (1%) 68:74 (1%) 56:62 (1%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/history	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	159:164 (1%) 180:185 (1%) 235:240 (1%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	115:120 (1%) 126:131 (1%) 92:97 (1%)	view
6	x 3	src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	56:63 (2%) 80:87 (2%) 170:177 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	63:68 (2%) 87:92 (2%) 285:290 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	59:65 (2%) 83:89 (2%) 173:179 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	58:64 (2%) 82:88 (2%) 172:178 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	114:119 (1%) 125:130 (1%) 91:96 (1%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	56:63 (1%) 52:59 (1%) 59:66 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages src/pages/organisation src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	73:79 (1%) 68:74 (2%) 61:67 (1%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	53:59 (1%) 49:55 (1%) 56:62 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	73:78 (1%) 81:86 (1%) 76:81 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages/journalism src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	54:60 (1%) 50:56 (1%) 57:63 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	74:79 (1%) 82:87 (1%) 77:82 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/organisation	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	70:76 (1%) 78:84 (1%) 73:79 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/styles src/styles src/styles	sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx sharedStyles.tsx	54:60 (2%) 78:84 (2%) 168:174 (2%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages/journalism	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	61:68 (1%) 69:76 (1%) 57:64 (1%)	view
6	x 3	src/pages/history src/pages src/pages	index.tsx index.tsx index.tsx	297:302 (1%) 199:204 (1%) 343:348 (1%)	view

About This Analysis

For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.

Learn more...

To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:

Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:

"Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"

Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):

"There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."