guardian/interactive-covid-uk-2021
Duplication Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same. |
Duplication Overall
- 56% duplication:
- 3,541 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 1,988 duplicated lines
- 45 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
flowchart TB
n0["atoms"]
n1["shared"]
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Mermaid (.mmd)
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2D force graph
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3D force graph
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
atoms (3%)
--> shared (8%)
150
2 file pairs
details...
flowchart TB
n0["atoms"]
n1["shared"]
n0 ---|"150"| n1
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linkStyle 0 stroke:#DC143CFF,stroke-width:10px
Show more details on duplication between components...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| atoms (3%) --> shared (8%) |
150 | 2 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 45 longest duplicates.
Most Frequent Duplicates
The list of 50 most frequently found duplicates.
Duplicated Units
The list of top 2 duplicated units.
About This Analysis
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
Learn more...
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."