Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 34% duplication:
- 26,445 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 9,009 duplicated lines
- 34,381 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (59%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (78%)
298
3 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (21%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (38%)
262
3 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (24%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (31%)
210
3 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (24%)
--> body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (16%)
208
3 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (61%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (53%)
202
3 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (38%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (58%)
192
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (45%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (58%)
190
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (35%)
--> body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (42%)
178
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (26%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (54%)
177
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (42%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (26%)
177
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (42%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (46%)
176
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (33%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (24%)
167
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (23%)
160
3 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (12%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (48%)
158
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (12%)
--> body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (37%)
158
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (30%)
--> body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (12%)
154
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (12%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (40%)
154
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (22%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (40%)
154
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (17%)
--> body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (36%)
152
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (17%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (46%)
152
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (29%)
--> body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (17%)
148
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (17%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (39%)
148
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (11%)
--> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%)
136
2 file pairs
details...
opencv-kinfu-samples (14%)
--> pipe-to-python-samples (24%)
134
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (14%)
--> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%)
122
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (23%)
--> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%)
118
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (28%)
--> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%)
118
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (31%)
118
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%)
--> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (36%)
118
2 file pairs
details...
body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (13%)
--> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (10%)
--> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (7%)
--> pipe-to-python-samples (16%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (23%)
--> pipe-to-python-samples (16%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (27%)
--> pipe-to-python-samples (16%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (13%)
--> pipe-to-python-samples (16%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (18%)
--> pipe-to-python-samples (16%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (27%)
--> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (21%)
--> pipe-to-python-samples (16%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (21%)
--> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (23%)
--> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (7%)
--> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (18%)
--> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (10%)
--> pipe-to-python-samples (16%)
90
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (<1%)
--> pipe-to-python-samples (13%)
74
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (<1%)
--> opencv-kinfu-samples (8%)
74
1 file pair
details...
body-tracking-samples/csharp_3d_viewer (6%)
--> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (<1%)
55
2 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (59%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (78%) |
298 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (21%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (38%) |
262 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (24%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (31%) |
210 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (24%) --> body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (16%) |
208 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (61%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (53%) |
202 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (38%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (58%) |
192 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (45%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (58%) |
190 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (35%) --> body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (42%) |
178 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (26%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (54%) |
177 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (42%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (26%) |
177 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (42%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (46%) |
176 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (33%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (24%) |
167 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (23%) |
160 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (12%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (48%) |
158 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (12%) --> body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (37%) |
158 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (30%) --> body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (12%) |
154 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (12%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (40%) |
154 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (22%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (40%) |
154 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (17%) --> body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (36%) |
152 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (17%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (46%) |
152 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (29%) --> body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (17%) |
148 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (17%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (39%) |
148 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (11%) --> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%) |
136 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| opencv-kinfu-samples (14%) --> pipe-to-python-samples (24%) |
134 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (14%) --> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%) |
122 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (23%) --> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%) |
118 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (28%) --> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%) |
118 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (31%) |
118 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (1%) --> body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (36%) |
118 | 2 file pairs | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (13%) --> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (10%) --> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (7%) --> pipe-to-python-samples (16%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (23%) --> pipe-to-python-samples (16%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (27%) --> pipe-to-python-samples (16%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/simple_3d_viewer (13%) --> pipe-to-python-samples (16%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (18%) --> pipe-to-python-samples (16%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample (27%) --> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (21%) --> pipe-to-python-samples (16%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/offline_processor (21%) --> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/simple_sample (23%) --> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample (7%) --> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/camera_space_transform_sample (18%) --> opencv-kinfu-samples (10%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_sample (10%) --> pipe-to-python-samples (16%) |
90 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (<1%) --> pipe-to-python-samples (13%) |
74 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (<1%) --> opencv-kinfu-samples (8%) |
74 | 1 file pair | details... |
| body-tracking-samples/csharp_3d_viewer (6%) --> body-tracking-samples/sample_helper_libs (<1%) |
55 | 2 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 20 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 71 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/ca..._space_transform_samplebody-tracking-samples/simple_cpp_sample | vcxproj camera_space_transform_sample.vcxprojsimple_cpp_sample.vcxproj |
17:106 (84%)17:106 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat geen.matred.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat blue.matlightBlue.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat geen.matorange.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat blue.matpink.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat lightBlue.matpink.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat orange.matpink.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat orange.matred.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat blue.matred.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat blue.matorange.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat lightBlue.matorange.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat pink.matred.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat blue.matgeen.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat geen.matlightBlue.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat lightBlue.matred.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 65 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat geen.matpink.mat |
11:75 (84%)11:75 (84%) | view |
| 62 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Model/matbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Model/mat | mat Bodymat 1.matBodymat 2.mat |
12:73 (75%)12:73 (74%) | view |
| 58 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat black.matblue.mat |
12:69 (73%)12:69 (75%) | view |
| 58 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat black.matorange.mat |
12:69 (73%)12:69 (75%) | view |
| 58 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materialsbody-tracking-samples/sa...acking/Assets/Materials | mat black.matgeen.mat |
12:69 (73%)12:69 (75%) | view |
Duplicated Units
The list of top 13 duplicated units.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 42 | x 3 | body-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3d |  Cylinder.cppFloorRenderer.cppSphere.cpp |
79:141 35:97 64:126 | view |
| 27 | x 4 | build2019/csharp/1 - AcquiringImagesbuild2019/csharp/2 ...p;TransformDepthToColorbuild2019/csharp/3 - SegmentColorbuild2019/csharp/4 - CognitiveServices |  MainWindow.xaml.csMainWindow.xaml.csMainWindow.xaml.csMainWindow.xaml.cs |
144:181 152:189 153:190 191:228 | view |
| 13 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/ca..._space_transform_samplebody-tracking-samples/simple_sample | main.cppmain.c |
17:37 32:52 | view |
| 12 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/floor_detector_samplebody-tracking-samples/jump_analysis_sample | main.cppmain.cpp |
13:25 18:30 | view |
| 12 | x 4 | body-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3d | CoordinateAxes.cppCylinder.cppFloorRenderer.cppSphere.cpp |
127:141 143:157 99:113 128:142 | view |
| 11 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...racking/Assets/Skeletonbody-tracking-samples/sa...racking/Assets/Skeleton | Skeleton.csSkeleton.cs |
676:688 728:740 | view |
| 9 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3d | Cylinder.cppSphere.cpp |
169:181 154:166 | view |
| 8 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...racking/Assets/Skeletonbody-tracking-samples/sa...racking/Assets/Skeleton | Skeleton.csSkeleton.cs |
706:714 744:752 | view |
| 7 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3d |  ColorObjectShaders.hMonoObjectShaders.h |
43:53 43:53 | view |
| 7 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3d | Cylinder.cppSphere.cpp |
159:167 144:152 | view |
| 7 | x 3 | body-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3dbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3d | Cylinder.cppFloorRenderer.cppSphere.cpp |
305:315 147:157 249:259 | view |
| 7 | x 4 | build2019/csharp/1 - AcquiringImagesbuild2019/csharp/2 ...p;TransformDepthToColorbuild2019/csharp/3 - SegmentColorbuild2019/csharp/4 - CognitiveServices | MainWindow.xaml.csMainWindow.xaml.csMainWindow.xaml.csMainWindow.xaml.cs |
129:137 137:145 138:146 176:184 | view |
| 6 | x 2 | body-tracking-samples/csharp_3d_viewerbody-tracking-samples/sa...bs/window_controller_3d | Shaders.csMonoObjectShaders.h |
21:28 23:30 | view |