Places in code with 6 or more lines that are exactly the same.
Intro
- For duplication, we look at places in code where there are 6 or more lines of code that are exactly the same.
- Before duplication is calculated, the code is cleaned to remove empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports.
- You should aim at having as little as possible (<5%) of duplicated code as high-level of duplication can lead to maintenance difficulties, poor factoring, and logical contradictions.
- To learn more about duplications and techniques for eliminating duplication, Sokrates recommends the following resources:
- Avoid Repetition, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article)
- Refactoring duplicated code, sourcemaking.com
- Beck Design Rules, MartinFowler.com
- DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) Principle, Wikipedia
- The Cut-and-Paste Programming Software Development Anti-Pattern, sourcemaking.com
- Code Smells / Duplicated Code, Jeff Atwood, codinghorror.com:
- "Duplicated code is the bane of software development. Stamp out duplication whenever possible. You should always be on the lookout for more subtle cases of near-duplication, too. Don't Repeat Yourself!"
- Reducing Coupling, MartinFlower.com (IEEE Software article):
- "There are several ways to describe coupling, but it boils down to this: If changing one module in a program requires changing another module, then coupling exists. ... Duplication always implies coupling, because changing one piece of duplicate code implies changing the other."
Duplication Overall
- 64% duplication:
- 6,747 cleaned lines of cleaned code (without empty lines, comments, and frequently duplicated constructs such as imports)
- 4,340 duplicated lines
- 252 duplicates
Duplication per Extension
Duplication per Component (primary)
Duplication Between Components (50+ lines)
Open 3D force graph...
Show more details on duplication between components...
From Component
--> To Component
Duplicated
Lines
File Pairs
Details
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/img (80%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/img (88%)
650
1 file pair
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sass (98%)
--> getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass (98%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/_sass (98%)
--> getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/_sass (98%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass (98%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sass (98%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
intro-ros-ros2/_sass (98%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sass (98%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/_sass (98%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/_sass (98%)
--> getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sass (98%)
606
3 file pairs
details...
intro-ros-ros2 (100%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics (100%)
--> intro-ros-ros2 (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker (100%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-ubuntu (100%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics (100%)
--> getting-started-with-aws-robomaker (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-ubuntu (100%)
--> intro-ros-ros2 (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics (100%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker (100%)
--> intro-ros-ros2 (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker (100%)
--> getting-started-with-ubuntu (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics (100%)
--> getting-started-with-ubuntu (100%)
452
3 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/_includes (76%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_includes (81%)
266
10 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/_includes (76%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/_includes (81%)
266
10 file pairs
details...
intro-ros-ros2/_includes (79%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_includes (79%)
260
9 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_includes (73%)
--> getting-started-with-ubuntu/_includes (73%)
184
8 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/_includes (52%)
--> getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_includes (72%)
182
9 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/_includes (52%)
--> getting-started-with-ubuntu/_includes (72%)
182
9 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-ubuntu/_includes (69%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/_includes (53%)
176
8 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_includes (69%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/_includes (53%)
176
8 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-ubuntu/_includes (69%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_includes (53%)
176
8 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_includes (69%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_includes (53%)
176
8 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/assets (100%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/assets (100%)
--> getting-started-with-ubuntu/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-ubuntu/assets (100%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/assets (100%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-ubuntu/assets (100%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/assets (100%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/assets (100%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
intro-ros-ros2/assets (100%)
--> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/assets (100%)
--> getting-started-with-ubuntu/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
fundamentals-of-robotics/assets (100%)
--> getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/assets (100%)
120
4 file pairs
details...
getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_data (14%)
--> intro-ros-ros2/_data (14%)
52
3 file pairs
details...
| From Component --> To Component |
Duplicated Lines |
File Pairs | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/img (80%) --> intro-ros-ros2/img (88%) |
650 | 1 file pair | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sass (98%) --> getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass (98%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/_sass (98%) --> getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/_sass (98%) --> intro-ros-ros2/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass (98%) --> intro-ros-ros2/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sass (98%) --> intro-ros-ros2/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| intro-ros-ros2/_sass (98%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sass (98%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/_sass (98%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/_sass (98%) --> getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sass (98%) |
606 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| intro-ros-ros2 (100%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics (100%) --> intro-ros-ros2 (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker (100%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-ubuntu (100%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics (100%) --> getting-started-with-aws-robomaker (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-ubuntu (100%) --> intro-ros-ros2 (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics (100%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker (100%) --> intro-ros-ros2 (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker (100%) --> getting-started-with-ubuntu (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics (100%) --> getting-started-with-ubuntu (100%) |
452 | 3 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/_includes (76%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_includes (81%) |
266 | 10 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/_includes (76%) --> intro-ros-ros2/_includes (81%) |
266 | 10 file pairs | details... |
| intro-ros-ros2/_includes (79%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_includes (79%) |
260 | 9 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_includes (73%) --> getting-started-with-ubuntu/_includes (73%) |
184 | 8 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/_includes (52%) --> getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_includes (72%) |
182 | 9 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/_includes (52%) --> getting-started-with-ubuntu/_includes (72%) |
182 | 9 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-ubuntu/_includes (69%) --> intro-ros-ros2/_includes (53%) |
176 | 8 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_includes (69%) --> intro-ros-ros2/_includes (53%) |
176 | 8 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-ubuntu/_includes (69%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_includes (53%) |
176 | 8 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_includes (69%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_includes (53%) |
176 | 8 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/assets (100%) --> intro-ros-ros2/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/assets (100%) --> getting-started-with-ubuntu/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-ubuntu/assets (100%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/assets (100%) --> intro-ros-ros2/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-ubuntu/assets (100%) --> intro-ros-ros2/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/assets (100%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/assets (100%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| intro-ros-ros2/assets (100%) --> realistic-simulation-with-gazebo/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/assets (100%) --> getting-started-with-ubuntu/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| fundamentals-of-robotics/assets (100%) --> getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/assets (100%) |
120 | 4 file pairs | details... |
| getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_data (14%) --> intro-ros-ros2/_data (14%) |
52 | 3 file pairs | details... |
Longest Duplicates
The list of 20 longest duplicates.
| Size | # | Folders | Files | Lines | Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 325 | x 2 | getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/imgintro-ros-ros2/img | vtt robomaker-simulation-job.vttsimple-motion-robomaker.vtt |
1:599 (100%)1:599 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | intro-ros-ros2realistic-simulation-with-gazebo |  _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | fundamentals-of-roboticsintro-ros-ros2 | _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | getting-started-with-aws-robomakerrealistic-simulation-with-gazebo | _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | getting-started-with-ubunturealistic-simulation-with-gazebo | _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | fundamentals-of-roboticsgetting-started-with-aws-robomaker | _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | getting-started-with-ubuntuintro-ros-ros2 | _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | fundamentals-of-roboticsrealistic-simulation-with-gazebo | _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | getting-started-with-aws-robomakerintro-ros-ros2 | _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | getting-started-with-aws-robomakergetting-started-with-ubuntu | _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 196 | x 2 | fundamentals-of-roboticsgetting-started-with-ubuntu | _config-standalone.yml_config-standalone.yml |
14:294 (100%)14:294 (100%) | view |
| 166 | x 2 | getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sassgetting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass |  _header.scss_header.scss |
5:215 (100%)5:215 (100%) | view |
| 166 | x 2 | getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sassrealistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass | _header.scss_header.scss |
5:215 (100%)5:215 (100%) | view |
| 166 | x 2 | fundamentals-of-robotics/_sassgetting-started-with-ubuntu/_sass | _header.scss_header.scss |
5:215 (100%)5:215 (100%) | view |
| 166 | x 2 | fundamentals-of-robotics/_sassintro-ros-ros2/_sass | _header.scss_header.scss |
5:215 (100%)5:215 (100%) | view |
| 166 | x 2 | getting-started-with-ubuntu/_sassintro-ros-ros2/_sass | _header.scss_header.scss |
5:215 (100%)5:215 (100%) | view |
| 166 | x 2 | getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sassintro-ros-ros2/_sass | _header.scss_header.scss |
5:215 (100%)5:215 (100%) | view |
| 166 | x 2 | intro-ros-ros2/_sassrealistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass | _header.scss_header.scss |
5:215 (100%)5:215 (100%) | view |
| 166 | x 2 | getting-started-with-aws-robomaker/_sassrealistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass | _header.scss_header.scss |
5:215 (100%)5:215 (100%) | view |
| 166 | x 2 | fundamentals-of-robotics/_sassrealistic-simulation-with-gazebo/_sass | _header.scss_header.scss |
5:215 (100%)5:215 (100%) | view |